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The UN Environment Programme says that rising temperatures could mean the end for some migrating animals.

Migrating 1. mobile animals move through several environments as they travel away from the cold of winter to warmer areas. "Obviously these animals have developed their travelling 2.(pattern) over thousands of years. But it is extremely 3.(like)that these animals can change their habits fast enough," said the report author Dr Robert Hepworth.

4.(hard) hit by rising temperatures are turtles. So far, scientists 5.(find) that at higher temperatures, turtles produce far more female eggs than male ones. It also provides 6.(evident) that some turtles are more likely to develop cancer .

With birds, the main problem is climate-related damage to important areas at either end of the travels or at resting places along the way. Other animals 7.(pick) out as particularly in danger include:the North Atlantic Right Whale, 8. main food (tiny shrimp) is disturbed by the change in ocean flows and the White-Nose Dolphin, which is out-competed by other kinds of dolphins in warmer waters.

The report is not all bad news. Even with major climatic changes, protecting the environment can still help mobile animals to recover. "We need governments to start taking action at the national and international level. “The clock 9.(run).” said Dr Hepworth. And some animals are already adapting 10. the report mentioning whales that are changing their feeding behaviour, finding new feeding grounds and new foods to eat.

    Many people believe that heart disease only affects older men.1..The reality is that people of all ages die of heart attacks each year. And while death rates have declined in the U.S. and many western European countries, they are on the rise in the developing world. Yet most heart disease is preventable.

The challenge of heart disease is that it may be silent for years before causing any noticeable problems. No one would have guessed that Barbara Teng would have a heart attack. She was not overweight. “In 2014, the week after I turned 49 when I was on a business trip in Chicago I had a major heart attack," she said. 2. . She now exercises daily and monitors her heart health.

Dr. Patrice Nickens who is with the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute thinks that heart disease is 82 percent preventable. “3. ,” she said .“Men are also facing the same problem and the key to staying healthy is knowing your numbers”. “Your weight ,your blood cholesterol blood sugar and your blood pressure are important numbers that can help you take action and reduce your risk ,” she said.4..“And the steps to take are simple: don’t smoke, maintain a healthy weight, exercise, know your numbers and talk to your physician and control these risks,” she said.

African-Americans are at higher-than-average risk for heart disease and stroke; people don't even know they have it, which increases the risk. Medstar Washington Hospital Center is trying to reach this population.5. .For example, they help the people monitor their blood pressure. If people realize they are at risk for heart disease ,they'll make lifestyle changes: lose weight ,exercise, eat the right foods and keep in touch with a doctor.

A. With the right training, they can play an important role in community health

B. A healthy lifestyle can prevent heart disease

C. Lack of exercise causes heart attacks

D. It is the leading cause of death for women

E. This is a set idea that is not true

F. And that changed her life

G. So we must cure heat disease

    Ever wonder how this season’s celebrations affect the environment? Guest blogger Krista Fairles takes an amusing look at this very topic:

The holidays are a wonderful, cheerful time when most people wait for Santa to bring them presents. But I’m not like most people. I spend my time wondering just what the environmental impacts of Santa Claus and his reindeer are, and more importantly, how I can calculate those impacts.

Lately I’ve been particularly curious as to whether Santa’s old sled is a clean green flying machine, or if he should be replacing his 8 reindeer with an environmentally-friendly car.

I should mention that, surprisingly, I was unable to find statistics specific to Santa’s magical flying reindeer, so these calculations use numbers from various sources and may not represent actual pollution caused by Santa and his animals. In other words, don’t complain to the government about the damage Santa is causing to the environment based on this article.

Santa’s yearly trip around the globe is 44,000km long, twice the average of a North American driver. If we assume that the magic provides the altitude for this trip, then reindeer power only needs to push Santa’s sled forward. To complete the trip in 12 hours, I estimate they must travel at a speed of about 3100km/h. To travel at this speed, for this length of time, the reindeer need to eat an incredible 980 million calories each!

So the next question is: how much food is in 980 million calories? Well, if they’re eating corn, they’d need to eat 16,500 lbs each - or 1.6 acres of food. Growing 12.8 acres of corn has its own implications for the environment that we’ll leave for another calculation.

We now need to consider that during the global trip the reindeer are “letting out” some of that corn in the form of methane (甲烷，沼气). A resting cow produces 110 kg of methane per year, so flying reindeer would each let out about 4.8 tons. With methane causing 20 times the global warming damage of CO2, and the altitude increasing that damage by 1000% that another 20 times, we can put Santa’s round-trip emissions at 15,488 tons. This is much more than the 100 tons an environmentally-friendly car would release on the same trip!

Bad Santa.

1.Which aspect does the writer NOT mention in her analyses about reindeer’s influence on environment?

A.Distance covered. B.Money spent on food.

C.Tons of waste let out. D.Calories consumed.

2.According to the passage, how many acres of corn would Santa need to feed 12 reindeer?

A.12.8. B.16. C.19.2. D.128.

3.Which of the following words best describes the tone of the passage?

A.Humorous and concerned. B.Cheerful and friendly.

C.Academic and formal. D.Serious and boring.

4.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A.Santa, watch where you’re going! B.Let’s reduce waste on Christmas celebrations!

C.Santa Claus is coming to town! D.Is Santa driving clean and green?

    By the mid-1920s, Pablo Picasso, one of the most influential artists of the 20th century. had been one of the most celebrated men .In 1957, when Pablo Picasso was in his seventh decade, he joked that x-ray technology might one day reveal a lost work underneath one of his early paintings. Today, that prediction became reality although the technology involved goes far beyond x-rays.

Using hyper-modern tools to peer into one of his Blue Period paintings, researchers have not only shown a hidden piece of art history in astonishing new detail, they have revealed a striking amount of insight into Picasso's creative process and style.

The investigation focused on"La Miséreuse accroupie, "or" Crouching Woman, "painted in 1902 and currently owned by the Art Gallery. The painting, an oil on canvas (画布) piece drawing a crouching (蜷坐的) woman who wears a long coat, shows Picasso’s typical Blue Period colors: grey, green, blue and white. It shows that the innovative modernist was inspired by the lines of an underlying landscape painted by an unknown artist.

The analysis also exposes several changes to the woman described in the painting,many of which Picasso ultimately abandoned. Researchers released their findings on Saturday’s press conference of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Austin, Texas. “We think now it's a landscape painted by someone enrolled at the fine arts academy in Barcelona, someone in Picasso’s orbit but not in his close circle, ”says Kenneth Brummel, assistant curator of modern art for the Art Gallery of Ontario.

As to why Picasso would have “recycled” another artist’s canvas(油画布), reasons could range from economic necessity, as a young artist still establishing himself, to deep inspiration driven by the lines of the image already laid down there. Picasso often re-used canvases for this reason."

“He didn't shave off the canvas or put a preparatory layer over it,” Brummel says.“ Picasso saw this landscape, found inspiration, and decided he was going to paint it immediately."

1.According to the text ,the most likely process of Picasso's painting?

①Picasso reused another artist's canvas.

②Inspired by a landscape painting, Picasso decided to paint one too.

③Picasso painted a woman on the landscape painting.

④Not happy with the landscape, Picasso covered it totally.

⑤Picasso made changes to the woman

A.②③④ B.④②③

C.①③⑤ D.②①④

2.How did Picasso deal with the landscape painting?

A.He reused it because he hated wasting anything.

B.He hid his own paintings beneath the landscape.

C.He took the advantage of it and created a new one.

D.He kept it to himself with the permission of its owner.

3.What can we infer from the passage?

A.People often celebrated Picasso’s success.

B.Picasso was not well-off when he started his career.

C.Picasso became successful overnight.

D.Picasso was good at imitating other artists’ works.

4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A.Picasso's predication turned out to be joke.

B.High technology uncovered art mysteries.

C.Seeing is not always believing.

D.Lost Artwork Found Under Famous Picasso Painting.

    Volcanic ash from Iceland’s volcano continues to cause disruptions to air travel across Northern Europe . As the nearly universal grounding of aircraft causes problems for 25 countries in Europe, the passengers are starting to run into secondary problems from the four days of being stranded. Additionally, the further effect of economic losses are beginning to pile up.

Already the chaos surrounding the volcanic ash is being compared to the days after 9/11. As the ash plume continues to ground air transport, it is estimated that nearly 17,000 flights a day have been canceled at the cost of nearly $2.7 million a day, according to a report filed by the Wall Street Journal. In the report, it was said that cost was for a single airline, and that the cost for other lines could be measured in hundreds of millions of dollars.

While the cost on the airline industry is significant , the cost on passengers is more significant. Airline cancellations have forced many travelers into hotels and more are looking to their travel insurance plans to cover the costs. The U.K.’s Independent reported that travel insurance plans have a rule that make claims from travelers invalid. In these policies , travel insurances which are purchased as a way to cover additional costs when travel plans are unexpectedly disrupted because the specific event like a volcanic eruption is not mentioned. Then the policy does not cover the event.

However, there is hope,though, as Air France and Dutch airline KLM both report positive test flights of aircraft at different altitudes to ensure the safety of flight. It is not known if these flights will be the beginning or just one-off chance flights. These flights were operated in a window of operations in the ash plume, but due to the erratic nature of the airflow, there is no guarantee that this will open up air operations over Europe. At this rate, the nations of Europe will be likely to see a significant impact on their pocketbooks, both in the corporations and the individual households.

1.The underlined word "stranded" probably means______.

A.struck. B.controlled. C.stuck. D.disturbed.

2.From this passage we can see that____________.

A.the volcanic ash caused more trouble than 9/11 did.

B.airlines suffered great losses due to the eruption.

C.travelers had to ask for help from the government.

D.nearly $.2.7 million was lost in all.

3.Why are claims about insurance from travelers unacceptable ?

A.Because volcanic eruption isn’t included in travel plans.

B.Because volcanic eruption companies don’t keep their word.

C.Because airlines haven’t bought insurance for travelers.

D.Because airlines didn’t expect the eruption .

4.This passage mainly tells us about __________.

A.the volcanic eruption in Iceland. B.the great trouble for air travels.

C.the unfavorable flight condition. D.the cost of European airlines.

    Regarded as one of the English language’s most gifted poets, John Keats wrote poetry that concentrated on imagery, human nature, and philosophy (哲学). Although Keats didn’t receive much formal literary education, his own studies and passion brought him much success. Additionally, his own life situation influenced his poetry greatly.

Growing up as a young boy in London in a lower middle-class family, the young John didn’t attend a private school, but went to a public one. His teachers and his family’s friends regarded him as an optimistic boy who favored playing and fighting much more than minding his studies. After his father’s death in the early 1800s, followed by his mother’s passing due to tuberculosis (肺结核), he began viewing life differently. He wanted to escape the world and did so by reading anything he could get his hands on.

At around the age of 16, the teenage John Keats began studying under a surgeon so that he too might become a doctor. However, his literary appetite had taken too much of his fancy, especially with his addiction to the poetry of Ehmund Spenser. He was able to have his first full poem published in the Examiner in 1816, entitled O Solitude! If I Must With Thee Dwell. Within two months in 1817, Keats had written an entire volume of poetry, but was sharply criticized by a magazine. However, the negative response didn’t stop his love of rhythm .

John Keats’ next work was Endymion, which was published in May 1818. The story involves a shepherd who falls in love with the moon goddess and leads him on an adventure of one boy’s hope to overcome the limitations of being human. Following Endymion, however, he tried something more narrative-based (叙事体的) and wrote Isabella. During this time, John Keats began seeing his limitations in poetry due to his own limit in life experiences. He would have to have the “knowledge” associated with his poems. His next work was Hyperion that would attempt to combine all that he learned. However, a bout (发作) with tuberculosis while visiting Italy would keep him from his work and eventually take his life in 1821.

1.Why did John Keats’ change attitude towards life ?

A.Because his parents passed away.

B.Because he only received poor education.

C.Because Edmund Spenser’s poetry influenced him too much.

D.Because he received a lot of criticism from a magazine.

2.While trying to achieve his dream of becoming a poet, John Keats was_____.

A.experienced. B.impatient.

C.knowledgeable. D.determined.

3.What do we know from the passage?

A.Keats received little education at school.

B.Endymion was concerning a real love story.

C.In 1816 Keats spent two months writing a poem.

D.Keats once had a chance of becoming a doctor.

    I first started writing in the summer of 1998. Back then I was a teacher. After years of dreaming, I decided it was finally time to write a book. For 10 years I wrote, __ four middle-grade novels and six pictures books almost only to editors. This was __ in the snail-mail age. Remember the ____ you experienced as a child waiting for birthday presents to arrive in the mail? That was me for the better part of a decade.

In Spring 2009, at the last minute, I decided to hand in a middle-grade historical novel-in-verse(韵文) to enter for a(n) __ at a local writing conference. I knew in my heart that it was my __ work, but I wasn’t sure how it would be __ alongside pieces meant for the adult market. But then ----I won. My prize __ a one-on-one interview with an editor who, after __ my manuscript(原稿), asked, “Why don’t you have a(n) __ yet?”

Not long after that, I __ with my first agent. Then in 2013, after parting with my first agent, I was again faced with the ___ for representation. This time I submitted to three agencies and got two __. Over the span of 20 years, I’ve got 18 completed manuscripts and was ___ almost 350 times. It took me 14 years to see my first book __ the shelf. You could look at these numbers and get pretty __. I can look at these numbers and feel the same. I know plenty of people with a __ apprenticeship(学徒期). I have friends who have been more __ and they have published far more than I have. But here’s the __ thing I’ve learned in the last 20 years: My process is mine. My journey is mine. Each book finds its way on its own.

The writing life is a long-term journey. There is no right way. There is no short _____. There is no easy road. There is a lot of frustration and ______, but there is joy and satisfaction, too.

1.A.rewriting B.introducing C.creating D.submitting

2.A.already B.soon C.back D.later

3.A.entertainment B.expectation C.appreciation D.embarrassment

4.A.reception B.publication C.competition D.interview

5.A.creative B.new C.casual D.concrete

6.A.praised B.criticized C.refused D.received

7.A.contained B.followed C.ensured D.included

8.A.polishing B.reviewing C.correcting D.adapting

9.A.agent B.instructor C.employer D.fan

10.A.argued B.signed C.discussed D.dealt

11.A.hunt B.research C.request D.interview

12.A.complaints B.prizes C.responses D.offers

13.A.teased B.rejected C.blamed D.replaced

14.A.under B.beside C.on D.off

15.A.moved B.amused C.inspired D.frustrated

16.A.longer B.harder C.happier D.shorter

17.A.famous B.creative C.productive D.enthusiastic

18.A.key B.funny C.concrete D.lively

19.A.race B.distance C.cut D.range

20.A.regret B.disappointment C.encouragement D.criticism

Look at the trouble you are in！_______your parents’ advice.

A.If only you would have followed B.If only you followed

C.If only you would follow D.If only you had followed

Henry is late again.It is ____of him to keep others waiting.

A.normal B.typical

C.common D.ordinary

Not many people ____the idea that money brings happiness.

A.subscribe to B.contribute to

C.take after D.relate to

Don't you think it is time you ______ the plan?It is_______ the managers wanted to see________ soon.

A.set out discussing; that ;to be carried out

B.should set about discussing; that ; to carry out

C.should set out to discuss ;what; to be carried out

D.set about discussing, what; carried out

All the students ______ their study _______ all the lights went out.

A.were paying their attention on; when B.were fixing their attention on ;when

C.were fixing their attention to;  while D.had been focused on; while

______, there is a good chance that our team will win ____we have made full preparations.

A.However fierce the competition is ; so long as

B.However the competition is fierce; as long as

C.However fierce is the competition ; as long as

D.However fierce the competition is; as far as

-The news came ___the film directed by Peter won an award.

-When was that?

- _______ was in 2018____he was still in college.

A.when ;That ;that. B.that; That; that.

C.that; It; that. D.that; It ;when.

-How do you like the curtains in your classroom?

-Well, I'm afraid they don't______ the wallpaper.

A.match with. B.go with.

C.fit. D.suit.

Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ________.

A.if not managed carefully B.if are not managed carefully

C.unless not managed carefully D.unless are not managed carefully

Many questions____ in today's English class, ___ was more than the new teacher had expected.

A.came out;  as. B.were came about ;  as.

C.came up; which. D.came across ;  which.

In my opinion, ____ is not the failure itself but the way ____we deal with the failure ____matters .

A.that; which; that. B.what; which; that.

C.it; / ;that. D.it; which; that.

-Would you ___    first aid to him, had it been possible?

-Yes, but I _____.

A.have offered; had got hurt. B.offer; had got hurt.

C.have offered; got hurt. D.had offered; had got hurt.

With food and drink ____, they couldn’t _____ much longer.

A.running out;   hold out. B.being run out; hold on.

C.had been run out; hold on. D.ran out of ;   hold up.

AIDS is said _______the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area in the past three years.

A.that it is. B.to be.

C.that it has been. D.to have been.

A good film does not necessarily have a happy ending, but it mustn’t leave the viewers____.

A.to be unsatisfying. B.being unsatisfied.

C.unsatisfied. D.being unsatisfying.

请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

Yuan Longping, 90, known as the “father of hybrid rice”，plays a crucial role in helping China achieve food security. Every morning what he does first is go to the field and works as a “farmer”. When asked how much his shirt was, he told the reporter that it was 35 yuan.

Deng Jiaxian, the Founding Father of China’s A-Bomb and H-Bomb, was the founder and promoter of China’s nuclear weapon cause. However, it was not until he died that his parents and many of his friends realized that he had produced such extraordinary achievements.

Li Junxian, without whom it would have been impossible for us to send the rocket into space, is one of the academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. In 2018, this 90-year-old party member, donated 3 million yuan to set up the Doctor Innovation Fund and the Hardship Assistance Fund.

（写作内容）

1. 用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；

2. 分析上述国家功臣身上有哪些值得我们学习的优良品质；

3. 谈谈其中某一品质对你的启发，并举例说明。

（写作要求）

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3. 不必写标题。

（评分标准）

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

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请注意阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单 词。每个空格只填1个单词。

Company culture is a hot topic for nearly every business. Everyone wants to create a productive, collaborative and inviting work environment where all employees follow shared values and work toward a common goal.

We asked a group of entrepreneurs to share how they encourage their teams to participate in building the company culture. Here are their top recommendations.

Get employee input on the hiring process

While a hiring manager should always have a final say over who joins the team, it could help to allow employees of all levels to participate in the hiring process. Ismael Wrixen, CEO of FE International recommends letting some of a candidate's future teammates sit in on an interview, as this can help you find people who will fit in well with your other employees.

"Our company has a real familiar feel, and team members often socialize outside or work." Wrixen explains. ''Considering how people will fit in the team once they are hired has always been an important consideration."

Create a space and environment that allows for breaks

Company culture-building can sometimes feel forced, says Jessica Gonzalez, CEO of InCharged. To make it more organic and natural, Gonzalez believes the best thing to do is to create the space and environment for it.

"Some companies get a Ping-Pong table,” she says. "It doesn't really matter the details, but you have given your employees permission to take breaks and blow off some steam with their coworkers. That's where culture and connection will be built."

Stop micromanaging

If you want your employees to build a great culture of their own, don't disturb the process, says Solomon Thimothy, president of OneIMS. While he monitors all processes on his team (including culture-building), he only gets involved when his staff needs him, rather than constantly micromanaging.

"Connect people with each other, define your expectations, set the pace and leave them alone,” Thimothy says.

Plan activities that reflect your shared values

According to Beth Doane, managing partner of Main & Rose, your internal brand should reflect your external one. She recommends bringing your team together around a shared set of values and then doing activities to strengthen that brand.

"As a social-good focused firm, we love doing activities that give back-hiking, volunteering, cleaning up the environment, Doane adds. "It's fun and it gets the whole team involved in our mission."

Ask for their ideas and suggestions

If you really want your employees to help build the company culture, all you have to do is ask them for their input. Chris Christoff, cofounder of Monster Insights, says he is open to suggestions from team members on how to perform more efficiently.

“Opening the invitation to new ideas fosters a positive company culture because it shows employees their voices are heard and their opinions matter because they do," Christoff says. “It creates a relaxing, trustworthy environment where everyone respects what each other has to say.”

Anyhow, it's important to remember that culture is not necessarily a top-down creation. Instead, a successful culture is developed and maintained by the workers who live it every single day.

    When the novelist Luis Alberto Urrea was 14 or 15, he took a trip deep into Mexico. He was born in Tijuana to a Mexican father and a white American mother before moving just across the border and eventually into the San Diego suburbs. But his father thought he was becoming “too American”, and took him on a 27-hour journey to Mazatian. Along the way, his father gave him a paperback copy of The Godfather and told him it would change his life. “I don’t think he was trying to make a case for us being criminals,” Urrea says, “but he really felt this incredible connection to the family and the traditions and the honor for the old country, as people were making their way in the U.S.”

In his new novel The House of Broken Angels, Urrea has written his own take on the Godfather story with a Mexican-American Don Corleone figure at its center. The story takes place over two days, as Big Angel de la Cruz buries his mother and celebrates his final birthday party on earth; he knows he’s dying, and he’s gathered his extended family around him for a noisy and lively goodbye.

The idea was inspired by the final birthday party of Urrea’s elder brother three years ago. “Everybody was jammed in his backyard, and there was a DJ and people dancing and consuming a serious amount of American junk food — they didn’t want Mexican food, they wanted KFC and pizza. I thought, where are the tacos, dude? And my brother sat in his little chair in the middle of it. People were coming to him and kneeling, and they would thank him and kiss his hand or touch his head and tell him all the ways he had changed their lives.”

Urrea’s brother died of cancer within two weeks at 74, and the heartbreaking event haunted the author. He considered writing a memoir(回忆录)about it—“I was thinking about Truman Capote, when he did those tiny books about Christmas and Thanksgiving.” But his wife encouraged him to aim bigger. When he found himself seated next to the writer Jim Harrison at a dinner event, he shared the story, and Harrison said, “Sometimes God hands you a novel. You have to write it.” Urrea thought to himself “Marching orders from Jim Harrison―this is good stuff. A kid from Tijuana doesn’t get that very often.”

The House of Broken Angels is a celebration of the Mexican-American family, but it also includes moments of frustration with this country’s treatment of the immigrant group. Before he got too sick to work, Big Angel worked in an office and drank coffee from a cup that read BOSS. “Yeah, the employees all got the message,” Urrea writes. “The Mexican-American was calling himself their boss.” In a grocery store, a woman screams at two of his family members that they’ll be kicked out of the country soon. “I had to bite down on the bitterness of my rage(愤怒), man!” Urrea says. “I was having some pretty serious response to Donald Trump’s confusing and empty talk. But you know, it may have shocked a lot of the United States to hear this kind of empty talk and this bald-faced racialism of politics all of a sudden, but to us, this stuff isn’t a surprise?”

“I really wanted to write a tribute to my brother, to my family and to us, but it’s also a love song to the country,” Urrea says. “I think people have this weird, horrible view... that immigrants are evil snakes. People don’t understand that immigration is truly a statement of love for this country, whatever the country represents. People want to be here and work.” And with persistence, they become the boss.

1.Why did Urrea’s father give him the book The Godfather?

A.He wanted Urrea to enjoy the 27-hour journey.

B.He thought the book had changed his own life.

C.He tried to show Urrea a real case of criminals.

D.He hoped Urrea would feel connected to Mexico.

2.The question “where are the tacos, dude?” in Paragraph 3 probably suggests ________.

A.Mexican traditions have been left behind

B.the people like American junk food best

C.it is difficult to buy the Mexican food

D.the tacos are popular with everyone there

3.Urrea thought of Truman Capote because ________.

A.Capote was good at writing tiny books

B.Capote’s books are about Christmas

C.he intended to write a memoir

D.he liked reading Capote’s books

4.In the sentence “A kid from Tijunana doesn’t get that very often”, “A kid” here refers to ________.

A.Jim Harrison B.Luis Alberto Urrea

C.Truman Capote D.Big Angel de la Cruz

5.We can learn from Paragraph 5 that ________.

A.Big Angel himself was the boss of his office

B.Mexican immigrants were treated unfairly

C.Urrea’s family were kicked out of the country

D.Urrea heard Trump’s talk ahead of time

6.The House of Broken Angels mainly focuses on the novelist’s ________.

A.love for the Mexican-American family

B.life in the Mexican-American family

C.mixed feelings towards American people

D.mature reflection on Mexican traditions

    To move visual technology into the future, sometimes it helps to make a little noise. Researchers have used sound waves to produce floating 3-D images, create a sense of touch and even supply a soundtrack.

Since the 1940s, scientists have toyed with the concept of acoustic levitation(声悬浮), the use of soundwave vibrations to trap tiny things in midair. The technology has gained greater capabilities in the past decade. Some researchers believe this improvement could lead to applications such as contributing to novel 3-D printing methods, or creating displays that would be visible from any angle without requiring a screen.

Other researchers have also worked on visual displays that use acoustic levitation. In addition to visuals, the system can also produce audible noise to give the display a soundtrack. And the ultrasound speakers can also concentrate vibrations in one spot so that a finger might feel a sense pushing back—a little like the object shown by the floating image is really there. Soundwaves create a 3-D display!

Display without a screen is remarkably useful. It means that everybody in the room can see the image—any angle, location—and that’s extremely helpful. As a communications system, such a display might one day allow users to chat with a 3-D projection(投影) of a person who can turn his or her head to follow as they move around a room.

The display will require a lot more work before you can install it in your living room, however. So far, this has been done in the research laboratory. We need to push it a little bit harder. We need to do more analysis to see if it would make sense to create a real display that people would have at home. The current system can only show simple graphics, such as a smiley face or figure eight, in real time.

Still, we are optimistic about the potential for this type of technology. If the system had only one speaker-covered surface instead of two, it could generate images that are bigger than the device itself. We can’t make a TV image that’s bigger than the TV—even a projector has to have a projection screen that’s bigger than the image itself. But with a volumetric(容积的) display, a small, portable device might produce a much larger picture. We can imagine, in the future, having volumetric displays in watches, for example, that create large images that just project out of your watch.

1.From the first two paragraphs soundwave vibrations can be used to _________.

A.catch very small objects in midair

B.develop 3-D printer’s capabilities

C.replace a creative display screen

D.compose soundtracks by making no noise

2.What do we know about display without a screen?

A.It has resulted in visual technology.

B.It is possible to see the image from any direction.

C.It is already ripe to create a real one at home.

D.It has yet to be tested in the research laboratory.

3.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?

A.Outlooks for the new technology.

B.Situations of the modern technology.

C.Praise for the cutting-edge technology.

D.Room for the technical improvement.

4.What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A.Hearing Is Seeing—Sound Waves Create a 3-D Display

B.Seeing is Believing—3-D Printing Methods Arrive

C.Advancing Sense of Touch—3-D Images Float in the Air

D.Promoting TV Technology—Chat with 3-D Projections

    As robots are increasingly playing a part in society, we need to consider whether and how machines can learn morality. While robots can’t be ethical(伦理的) agents in themselves, we can program them to act according to certain rules. But what is it that we expect from them?

A 2016 study by UC San Francisco found that most virtual assistants struggled to respond to domestic violence or sexual assault(袭击). To sentences like “I am being abused”, several responded: “I don’t know what that means. If you like, I can search the web”. Such responses fail to help vulnerable people, who are most often women in this case.

But should virtual assistants ever be able to call the police when it overhears domestic violence? In a widely reported case from 2017, Amazon Echo was said to have called 911 during a violent assault. Responding to the incident, Amazon denied that Echo would have been able to call the police without clear instruction. Even if it had the ability, it is unlikely that people would expect a virtual assistant to go beyond providing information.

Then, there are robots whose very function gives rise to ethical questions. How should a driverless car react in an accident? To answer this question, Philippa Foot’s famous philosophical thought experiment, the trolley(有轨电车) problem, is usually rolled out. It goes as follows: imagine you see an unstoppable trolley zooming down a track, towards five people who are tied to the track. If you do nothing, they’ll die. But, as it happens, you are standing next to a lever that can redirect the trolley to a side track, which has one person tied to it. What should you do?

Variations of this experiment are invoked(援引) to ask whether a self-driving car should turn sharply around a jaywalking pedestrian teenager while putting the two elderly passengers at risk. Should it spare the young over the old? Or should it save two people over one?

Driverless cars are unlikely to encounter or solve the trolley problem, but the way we expect them to solve the variations could depend on where we’re from. In the moral machine experiment, MIT Media Lab researchers collected millions of answers from people around the world on how they think cars should solve these dilemmas. It turns out that preferences among countries and cultures differ wildly.

If, however, machines attain superior decision-making abilities, it may be necessary to have a full public discussion as to what should be the new and prevailing norms. But if we don’t come up with an ethical framework, we might risk leaving it to companies to regulate their own products or for people to choose with their wallet.

Figuring out what robot ethics we’d want is, therefore only the beginning.

1.The first three paragraphs indicate that virtual assistants _________.

A.must be programmed to learn morality

B.ever called 911 during a violent assault

C.have no abilities to respond to domestic violence

D.are expected to go beyond providing information

2.According to the experiments, we can learn that _________.

A.the trolley is redirected to the track tied with one person over five

B.the self-driving car turns sharply to spare the teenager over the old

C.people from different cultures and countries make varied decisions

D.MIT Media Lab researchers have worked out practical regulations

3.The passage mainly talks about _________.

A.why robots are unlikely to solve the morality problems

B.whether robots are expected to make ethical decisions

C.what tech companies have done to better robots’ response

D.how robots try to react to domestic violence or dilemmas

Thanks for your interest in visiting the Los Angeles Zoo with your school group! Please read the following information before booking your field trip.

Requirements

Special discounted admission prices are available with advance reservations ONLY for California school groups, short-termed as CSG, (registered with the California Department of Education). They can enjoy 10% off.

PLEASE NOTE:

Reservation blackout dates(限制日期) may apply to all groups at certain times of the year (e.g. holidays and spring break). If your group comes on a blackout date or has not made the necessary reservations before arriving at the Zoo, your group will be charged the regular admission fees.

Docent(讲解员)-Guided Tours

Our docent guides lead educational walking tours for students and their teachers, beginning at first grade. A limited number of docent-guided tours are available. There is no additional fee for a docent-guided tour, but you must book your tour at least two weeks in advance. Do not assume you have a guided tour booked until you have received a confirmation number and packet from the Los Angeles Zoo. On the day of your field trip, your group will need to arrive at least 30 minutes before the confirmed start time of your tour to check in. Make sure to tell Zoo staff upon your arrival that your group has a docent-guided tour. If you are more than 15 minutes late for your tour, it may be canceled.

Maximum number: 150 participants Ages: K-12

Regular Pricing: $5 per student, 1 teacher per 10 students is included, $5 per additional teacher

1.How much should be paid if a California school group with 2 teachers and 13 students has made an early booking for the zoo?

A.$63. B.$67.5. C.$70. D.$75.

2.From the above information, we can learn that _________.

A.California groups have access to special discounted prices

B.all groups may have to pay regular prices in spring break

C.additional fees for a docent-guided tour will be chained

D.a field group must arrive half an hour earlier to check in

    Washington is home to lots of trees, fireplaces and wood-burning stoves. But what if you couldn’t chop _______ or couldn’t afford to pay someone to do it? _______, Shane McDaniel and his twin sons are happy to chop truckloads of wood—then donate it to those in need.

The _______ started as a father-son bonding project. “I had to cut wood with my dad. He just _______ doing it,” says Shane. He wanted to _______ that feeling, so he and the twins spent the summer of 2018 chopping wood. The _______ was a great wall of wood piled up.

It was too _______ for the McDaniels to use themselves, and when the weather turned cold that November, Shane started thinking of others. He _______ a photo of them and “Please help us help someone who ARE IN NEED OF FIREWOOD AND CANNOT AFFORD IT.” on Facebook. The _______ was immediate. One man ____________ to donate a wood-burning stove. One woman, noticing the photo of the McDaniel men in the Facebook post, felt ____________: “Please post more pictures. I don’t need the wood. ____________ truly I appreciate the eye candy!”

Single mom Katelyn Ticer and her four-year-old daughter ____________ a wood-burning stove as their sole source of heat, so it was a ____________ to receive a truckload of firewood from the McDaniels. She told msn.com, “So much stress and anxiety is ____________ my shoulders. I couldn’t be more thankful.”

Not every receiver is as ____________. “Some aren’t even friendly. It’s just not in them,” Shane says. “They are angry with the world and ____________ that they had to ask for help. They just have no other option than ____________.” But Shane is OK with that. “Giving is the ____________,” he says. “It has nothing to do with how well it’s received; it’s about how much it’s ________________

1.A.board B.wood C.bushes D.trees

2.A.Suddenly B.Surprisingly C.Excitedly D.Luckily

3.A.idea B.issue C.connection D.impression

4.A.tried B.hated C.loved D.minded

5.A.believe in B.show off C.start with D.pass along

6.A.result B.reason C.bonus D.promise

7.A.cheap B.little C.much D.expensive

8.A.saw B.took C.searched D.posted

9.A.advice B.analysis C.arrangement D.response

10.A.failed B.offered C.happened D.ceased

11.A.warm B.cold C.depressed D.satisfied

12.A.So B.Or C.But D.And

13.A.gave back B.took over C.relied on D.picked out

14.A.burden B.chance C.trouble D.relief

15.A.on B.off C.from D.across

16.A.grateful B.helpful C.hopeful D.careful

17.A.happy B.mad C.curious D.terrified

18.A.starving B.wandering C.freezing D.begging

19.A.reward B.success C.fault D.dilemma

20.A.ignored B.needed C.refused D.acknowledged

—Pity that Linda’s losing her job three years on end!

—Don’t worry about her. She always ________!

A.lands on her feet B.has frogs in her throat

C.laughs her head off D.has butterflies in her stomach