The most important promises we must keep are ______ we make to ourselves.

A.Ones B.those C.these D.them

People _______ about what our future will look like for thousands of years .

A.have been wondering B.wonder C.wondered D.will wonder

—How do you find the traditional food in Tianjin Ancient Culture Street?   —_______.

A.It's up to you B.Can't be better C.It was easy to find D.You got it

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

1.Why did the announcer have Susan work on the radio?

A.She had a good voice.

B.She won many quizzes.

C.She liked popular music.

2.What challenge did Susan face at first?

A.To come up with new topics.

B.To get fun ideas immediately.

C.To gain wide knowledge of music.

3.What did Susan’s parents do about her programs?

A.They chose music for it.

B.They made comments on it

C.They recorded and replayed it.

4.What does Susan say about being a DJ?

A.She takes pleasure in it.

B.She has got bored with it.

C.She considers it a lifetime job.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What does the woman say about her honeymoon?

A.She met with bad weather.

B.She didn't take any pictures.

C.She spent a lot of time queuing.

2.What did the man do during his stay in Bali?

A.He went diving.

B.He played beach volleyball.

C.He stayed in the hotel all day.

3.What does the man ask the woman to do?

A.Teach him to ski.

B.Spend Christmas with his family.

C.Go to Switzerland together

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What is the woman's opinion about Spanish?

A.It is a useful language.

B.It is difficult to pronounce.

C.Its grammar is easy to learn.

2.Where was the woman's grandmother born?

A.In China. B.In Russia. C.In England.

3.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

A.Classmates. B.Father and daughter. C.Teacher and student

What are the speakers talking about?

A.Preparation for a trip. B.A school day. C.A final exam.

How will the woman get to Glasgow?

A.By plane. B.By train. C.By car.

Why did the man apologize to the woman?

A.He damaged her CD  .

B.He couldn't repair her machine.

C.He sold her a product of poor quality.

Where are the speakers?

A.In a shop. B.In a restaurant. C.In the woman's house.

What are the speakers going to do today?

A.Enjoy a clothes show. B.Stay at home. C.Go to a book fair.

假如你是光明中学高二学生李华, 你校学生会文学部（Literature Department）打算招聘一名英文编辑, 请你根据以下要点用英语给文学部负责人Lucy Wu写一封词数100左右的自荐信。

要点：1.写信目的；

2.个人基本信息；

3.自荐理由（至少三点）。

Dear Lucy,

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

短文改错

Sometimes it can be boring and stress to go to school. There are some solution to the problem. First, be optimistic. A optimistic way of thinking helps you in difficult situations. There’s nothing in school can make you scared. Cheer you up，and you'll feel no stress for good. Then，move more before class. When you move, your body gives and gets energy and the blood moves faster, which help you forget about stress and makes you to smile instead. Even a 5—10 minute walk can help a lot in reduce stress and relax your body and mind. Final, eat healthy food. Healthy eating helps to get rid of stress and improve your health. Follow the advice above, and you’ll enjoy going to school.

语法填空

Charles Dickens is often thought of as one of England's greatest 1. ( writer )，yet his language is old-fashioned and his story plots often improbable. How then to explain Dickens's enduring (持久的) 2. (popular)?

His stories, though often overlong by today's standard，are well written moral (道德的)tales. They are filled with 3. (color) characters.

But what makes his books stand out from other English writers is his insight 4. human nature. Dickens, like Shakespeare, tells us truths about human behaviour that 5.  (be) as true to citizens of the 21st century as they were to his readers in the 19th century.

Readers 6. ( return ) to Dickens’s books again and again over the years 7. ( see ) what he has to say about readers’ own time. No surprise then that 8. was Dickens that Britons turned to, during the economic crisis last year, to make sense of a world 9. (rapid) falling apart.

The BBC adapted one of his less well-known novels, Little Dorrit, into a popular television drama 10.introduced many Brits to the novel for the first time. It’s a dark story about greed and money which is the perfect story to explain the bad times.

As long as Dickens’s novels have something to say to modern audiences, it seems likely that he will remain one of Britain’s best loved writers.

    This morning a young man was wandering on campus. He came from one of the mental illness houses on the surrounding streets. He’s quiet and polite, and I think him very _____ and bored. I saw him earlier standing at the soda vending machine (投币式自动售货机)，jiggling (摇动) _____ in his pockets. It appeared he didn't have enough money for a soda at $ 1.50. He was bending down and _____ dropped change under the vending machine. Nothing to be _____ I asked him how much money he _____ and he replied, "Just 2 quarters." I _____ into my pocket and I had 2 lonely little quarters. I gave them to him and asked him what he was going to eat for lunch. He said they had food back at the house, _____ usually just noodles or a sandwich that he didn’t like. I took him back to my  _____ and gave him several Pizza Hut coupons (优惠券).

I’ve been _____ small change for several years in a can at the office. I gave him the ______ and told him to take it to the market and use the coins. I told him to make sure he ______ my can because it had cats on it. Just 10 minutes later he ______ the can back and handed me $ 30. 00 and some change. This was the ______ of the can. He didn't understand the money was for him and thought I just wanted him to do me a favor and cash in the change for me.

We had a ______ conversation about animals, science, food, etc. and then I handed him the $ 30.00 and change. I told him I wanted him to ______ the money and just return the can. He asked me why I was doing this for him. I ______ , "You have a need and I'm happy that I can help." After ______ to him, he understood. _____his exit, I handed him a(n) ______ psychology book in case he wanted to know more about the science of the mind.

Just 2 quarters can make the young man ______ , make me cry happy tears, and leave him to know people care about him.

1.A.friendly B.naughty C.lonely D.lovely

2.A.notes B.cellphones C.paper D.change

3.A.looking out B.looking for C.looking into D.looking over

4.A.found B.benefited C.gained D.adopted

5.A.lent B.borrowed C.needed D.owed

6.A.dragged B.reached C.turned D.explored

7.A.so B.and C.or D.but

8.A.office B.home C.classroom D.store

9.A.finding B.saving C.donating D.hiding

10.A.paperwork B.soda C.money D.can

11.A.protected B.polished C.returned D.abandoned

12.A.brought B.rewarded C.won D.called

13.A.price B.contents C.reward D.possessions

14.A.heated B.public C.nice D.private

15.A.distribute B.lock C.count D.keep

16.A.replied B.admitted C.whispered D.stressed

17.A.complaining B.announcing C.explaining D.apologizing

18.A.With B.Upon C.After D.At

19.A.typical B.ordinary C.special D.free

20.A.delighted B.desperate C.embarrassed D.astonished

    Nowadays it is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid conflicts as much as possible and live in peace with others. 1. If you have done all your best to avoid conflicts but you are still arguing, then read these effective tips on how to avoid conflicts.

1. Don’t get in the center of the conflict.

Sometimes people can get in the center of conflicts because they want to help. Frankly speaking, it is very risky, because it can make you the main figure of the conflict. 2. You should focus on your own life issues.

2. Be kind

3. Life is full of conflicts and disagreements, and that’s why you should find more conservative (保守的) ways of dealing with them. For example, kindness can lessen the conflict.

3. 4.

Peacekeepers tend to cooperate with people without bad emotions which usually lead to arguments and even conflicts. “The greatest victory is the battle not fought.” This saying is the life motto of a natural-born peacekeeper. Don’t worry if you are not a natural-born peacekeeper. You can gain this skill during life.

4. Walk off.

When the conflict is gathering pace and you can’t manage to keep yourself, you should choose to handle the situation in another way. By all means, try to keep yourself away from stress. 5. You should get away from the situation for a while.

A. Try to be a peacekeeper.

B. Conflicts are unavoidable, so try to accept them.

C. Weak people usually desire others to offer help and support.

D. It is helpful to put some distance between yourself and the competitor.

E. Let other people sort out their relationships without your presence.

F. When someone pushes you to the limit, try to act.

G. Arguing can either break your relationship or help you get to know your partner better.

    If you ever visit an English village, make sure to look out for morris dancing. Undoubtedly one of the strangest traditions of English culture, morris dancing is a form of folk dancing that dates back to the 15th century. If you ever get the opportunity, you really have to see it.

Men and women wearing old-fashioned, shabby（破烂的）clothing dance in the streets of towns and villages across the country during the holiday periods. Women wear long skirts and men wear short trousers with bells attached to them. They dance to traditional folk music which is often played on traditional musical instruments.

Some groups carry heavy black sticks with which they beat against each other while they dance. Other groups wave handkerchiefs in the air while they perform. The dances are usually performed near a pub so that when they’re over, the dancers and audience can sing some traditional folk songs over beer. The celebrations will often continue long into the night.

Morris dancing is a great English tradition but it’s facing a big crisis. As the years go by, fewer and fewer young people are joining morris dancing groups. The dancers are getting older and older and eventually, if not protected, the tradition will die out within the next few decades.

If you’ve ever had the fortune to see morris dancing, you may understand why teenagers aren’t rushing to sign up. Frankly, it’s not exactly the coolest thing for an 18-year-old to do. Why dress up in bells and funny costumes when you could be going camping, playing sports or doing anything else?

However, it would be a great shame to lose such a fun and lively part of England’s history and culture. So here’s a toast to the next generation of would-be morris dancers! Let’s hope they don’t leave it too late.

1.What is the passage mainly about?

A.The origins of moris dancing.

B.The popularity of morris dancing.

C.The protection of morris dancing.

D.The introduction of morris dancing.

2.What do we know about morris dancers?

A.They dance in pubs late into the night.

B.They perform with sticks or handkerchiefs.

C.They wear long dresses with bells attached.

D.They sing folk music while they dance.

3.What is the present situation of morris dancing?

A.It is losing appeal among young people.

B.It is keeping pace with people's demand.

C.It is witnessing great changes in history.

D.It is being criticized by modern people.

4.What does the author think about morris dancing?

A.It helps stay healthy.

B.It is fun for teenagers.

C.It deserves more attention.

D.It is too old-fashioned.

    Cyclist Alain Such has been dropped from the Ingotel cycling team for two years after a positive drug test at the Institute of Drug Free Sport. "I was flabbergasted, "said Vidier Garcia, from Team Ingotel. "Alain joined our team last month and we had no idea that he was being examined."

It’s a story that has become more and more familiar in recent years. Dr Mohammad Farnood, a leading sports scientist from Cairo, Egypt, said, "It is thought that some athletes will look for other ways to improve their performance in addition to using drugs."

However, it has not always been against the law. In the Olympics in 1994, Thomas Hicks won the marathon after using drugs in the middle of the race. In fact, the first one didn’t make him feel better for long, so he was given another and, as a result, he fell down soon after finishing and knew nothing. Another one may well have killed him.

Things are very different today. Some scientists are considering the possibility of using genetic engineering to further develop athletes’ abilities. "If it works with no risk of discovery, "said Dr Farnood, "then it’s likely to become common practice for athletes."

Researchers are looking at the possibility of identifying "athletic" genes and correcting weak ones. Put into practice, this would make a person healthier and stronger. Once scientists understand what the genes of top athletes look like, it might even become possible to identify "athletic" genes in young people, and then money could be spent on children who have the most promising genes.

"People are beginning to recognize that it can do good to our society, for example in saving lives and in creating better quality food for people," Dr Farnood said. "So, is it fair to use genetic engineering in sport? You could ask if it's fair for some runners to use the latest scientifically developed footwear. The key question is whether it’s available to everyone.’

1.What does the underlined word "flabbergasted" in Paragraph 1 mean?

A.Shy. B.Proud.

C.Excited. D.Surprised.

2.What happened to Thomas Hicks in 1994?

A.He was badly hurt in training. B.He broke the law when running in a race.

C.He took drugs and almost got killed. D.He lost the match in the Olympic Games.

3.Who may show the greatest concern about using genetic engineering in sport?

A.Vidier Garcia. B.Thomas Hicks.

C.Alain Such. D.Dr Mohammad Farnood.

4.What can we learn from Paragraphs 5 and 6?

A.The possibility of identifying " athletic" genes has become available.

B.It’s not clear whether it is fair to use genetic engineering in sport.

C.The practice of using drugs in sport has a long history.

D.It’s dangerous to use drugs in sport.

    The end of the year is drawing near, and winter is in full swing. The season brings along with it strong winds and snow — an environment that’s never comfortable to be in.

This unpleasant and even frightening aspect of winter can often be seen in literature. In Shakespeare’s King Lear (1606), the king has given away his kingdom and been rejected by his two ungrateful daughters. He is out in the winter cold，suffering things that are usually reserved for the poorest and most unfortunate human beings.

The winter is bad enough for Lear，but being abandoned by his family is worse. A song from another Shakespeare play, As You Like It(1599), is fitting for this poor old man's situation: "Blow，blow，thou winter wind/Thou art not so unkind /As ma's ingratitude (忘恩负义)". Here, winter is used to bring out the ugliness of inhumanity (无人性). There aren't many things that are worse than winter, according to Shakespeare.

Once winter became less of a threat to human beings, literary works featuring it became more positive. Since Charles Dickens, the representation of the season in literature has often featured happy Christmas celebrations.

The cold of the winter weather provides a contrast to the fun going on indoors.

Dickens' A Christmas Carol (1843) was the start of this, but Christmas is still a common, cheery element (元素)in stories that feature winter scenes today. Consider the joy felt by Harry Potter and his friends in J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (1997) as they sit down for their festive meal：

"Harry had never in all his life had such a Christmas dinner. A hundred fat，roast turkeys; mountains of roast and boiled potatoes; platters of chipolatas; tureens of buttered peas, silver boats of thick, rich gravy and cranberry sauce".

It is almost as much a pleasure to read about the meal as it might have been to eat it.

Although winter still isn’t the most cheerful season in novels and poems, it’s safe to say that writers have certainly "warmed up" since Shakespeare’s days.

1.What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this article?

A.To recommend some winter stories in literature.

B.To explain what winter is like in literary works.

C.To describe certain customs that are related to winter.

D.To tell us why winter is described as unpleasant in literature.

2.What can we learn from Shakespeare’s works?

A.Shakespeare didn’t like winter for its bad weather.

B.King Lear was forced to give up being a king in a cold winter.

C.It’s in winter when King Lear drove his two daughters off.

D.Winter is compared with the ugly side of humanity.

3.Why does the author mention Charles Dickens in the passage?

A.Because a lot of his works are related to winter.

B.Because he is the most popular author of winter stories.

C.Because he started a new way of representing winter.

D.Because his works make people feel cheerful in winter.

4.The example of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is used mainly to show      .

A.traditional Christmas food makes the winter cheery

B.Christmas is still a symbol of joy in modern stories

C.it’s a pleasure to read Christmas-related books in winter

D.winter has become the happiest season in literary works

    Festivals in India are the special occasions when the country holds many celebrations. Socially, the whole nation becomes active in celebrations. This is the main reason why festivals in India are celebrated by the whole society. On such occasions, families will get together, exchange gifts and greetings, and take part in a lot of celebrations and even special fairs. All these are done to keep the festive spirit alive in modern times.

What is special about these celebrations in India is that people celebrate their common culture in their communities. There is a wide variety of festivals in India because of the presence(存在)of many different religions, beliefs, ideas and cultures. It is even said that some places in the country celebrate festivals 365 days a year. They are mainly religious festivals, cultural festivals and tourist festivals that are organized to keep the traditions, values and heritage of the region.

Religious festivals are celebrated as part of the Indian belief system. They are organized to honor spiritual personalities and events related to the journey of a religion. Cultural festivals in India are organized to provide a platform for different forms of music, dance and other art. To keep their artistic traditions alive and even make them become more popular in the future, many cities in India are active in cultural events. The rich cultural heritage of India attracts the Western world during the celebration of important festivals such as Onam, Holi and Durga Puja. Tourist festivals in the country are organized to celebrate the heritage of the land for tourism purposes. These celebrations every year bring good results and attract a large number of tourists, both within the country and abroad.

These festivals in India focus on enriching people’s "Indian" experience in the most real way. For this purpose, foreigners are very interested in attending the festivals, which are organized to show the rich and colorful side of the country.

1.In India，the whole nation often celebrates festivals actively to      .

A.have much fun on special occasions B.exchange special gifts and greetings

C.keep the traditions of their festivals D.meet all their family members and relatives

2.Why does India have so many festivals?

A.Because the Indians like singing and dancing.

B.Because the Indians want to attract more tourists.

C.Because there are a great number of old attractions.

D.Because there are many different religions, ideas and cultures.

3.The cultural festivals are usually celebrated by      .

A.performing different art forms

B.visiting the famous old buildings

C.having a journey of honoring spiritual personalities

D.getting together and attending fairs

4.In which part of the website can we read this passage?

A.Travel. B.Culture.

C.Economy. D.Technology.

假定你是李华，你校国际部下周将在学校报告厅(auditorium)举办中华诗词大会(Chinese Poetry Conference)的国际学生专场，届时将比赛背诵古诗、回答问题、根据图画猜诗词。请根据下列要点给你的美国朋友、留学生Peter写一封信，邀请他参加。

内容要点如下：

1. 比赛的时间和地点；

2. 比赛的目的和形式；

3. 诚挚邀请Peter参赛。

要求：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Peter，

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

短文改错

One year ago, I had a special English lesson hold at the railway station. It was quite different from the regular English classes we were familiar to, for we had no textbooks, no blackboard and no fixed seats.

Gathered at the entrance of the station, we were told to collect many English words and sentences as possible there. Curious and excited, they walked around the station and looked everywhere, searching for any informations in English. Whenever an English word comes into sight, the class would burst into the cheers as if we had discovered a new world. With the Chinese translation and vividly pictures, we could figure out their meaning with ease.

Now, this unforgettable lesson still encourages me to be an active learner where I go.

语法填空

If you make a career choice while you are still in high school, you1.(save) time and money in the long run. Students who do not plan ahead may delay stating college or take extra courses2.( give) themselves time to make up their. minds. U. S. News and World Report say that the average yearly tuition at a four-year college is $ 35,000. If you spend3.extra year in school, you may have to take out additional4.(loan) or pay extra money to cover the cost.

Choosing a career while you are in high school also gives you time to explore your5.( choose)industry, If you find a career6.sounds interesting, you can follow someone in the field and see what it is7.(real) like to have that job. You can also apply8.a chance to get an informal position related to your desired industry. This will help you build a professional network even before you graduate from high school. Professional contact is very9.( value), especially when you are looking for a job in your field. If you do as much as you can to build a network10.you are ready for a job, you will be more likely to succeed.

    Adventure is in my blood. And I had been considering how I was going to celebrate my high school graduation. I didn't just want a small _________ in the backyard, I started thinking about doing a solo（独自的）_________ somewhere out of the ordinary. I took out the _________ and drew a 1,500-mile route along which I would be _________ from the northernmost point in Norway to the southernmost section of Sweden. When I _________ my plan with my dad, he _________ as I thought he would. Because I get my adventurous _________ from him, he was all for it.

I had only been away from my _________ for three days, but there was an inner _________ going on. Part of me was homesick and doubting whether I really could _____________ it. The other part of me was ready to ___________ to myself and my family that I could do it by myself.

On the road, I met another ___________ who was quite a bit older than I was. He started his journey alone by ___________ at the southern part of Norway and just finished. I could tell he had a great sense of ___________. It encouraged me not to ___________.

As I listened to my ___________ artists on my MP4 player, I pedaled（踩踏板）with my feet. There was ___________ around me for miles. ___________, that wasn’t entirely true. There were mosquitoes millions of them. My arms were so dotted with ___________ that they looked like a topographical（地形的）map. But, however __________ it would be, nothing could stop my advance on the destination. As you know, adventure is in my blood.

1.A.party B.meeting C.conversation D.game

2.A.flight B.interview C.performance D.trip

3.A.instruction B.map C.magazine D.newspaper

4.A.walking B.flying C.cycling D.running

5.A.compared B.shared C.prepared D.changed

6.A.agreed B.sighed C.left D.cried

7.A.story B.spirit C.skill D.hobby

8.A.hotel B.school C.home D.office

9.A.battle B.activity C.request D.discussion

10.A.get B.make C.put D.take

11.A.turn B.reply C.prove D.adapt

12.A.driver B.jogger C.bicyclist D.pilot

13.A.bike B.car C.air D.sea

14.A.humor B.direction C.balance D.satisfaction

15.A.calm down B.break down C.speed up D.give up

16.A.favorite B.personal C.professional D.successful

17.A.nobody B.everybody C.anything, D.everything

18.A.Firstly B.Actually C.Eventually D.Fortunately

19.A.wounds B.cuts C.bites D.burns

20.A.boring  B.confusing C.complex D.difficult

Keep Calm During the Hard Times

When life gets hard, sometimes it's not easy to control yourself and not to sink deep into the bad feelings. Have you ever wondered how some people can be so calm during the hard times？1. Here are four things you can do to get through hard times.

Cry if you need to-for a while. Some people like to control themselves.2. If you do control them, it's like holding a ball under the water. You can do it for a while, but it will finally come back to the surface. So have a good cry once in a while to help you think more clearly.3. Lost in the bad emotions, we won't change anything. Let's say you just lost your job. Maybe it is a shock. After crying, then you should make the decision to put your calm hat on. Start to find new jobs. Then do something.

Ask for help. Unluckily, a lot of people think that asking for help is a sign of weakness. It's not!4. Nowhere! Having other people support you will make you feel like you have more power than before.

Believe that things will get better. If you don't believe that things will change, then they won't. I always love Henry Ford's words, "Whether you think you can or you think you can't-you are right." If you think things will get better, then they finally will. If you think they won't, then they won't.5.

Stay calm when life gets hard. If you practice these steps on a regular basis, sooner or later it will become second nature to you.

A. Find the solution.

B. Remember that it won't last forever.

C. Your belief shapes your experience.

D. But controlling your feelings doesn't always help.

E. Would you like to use some ways that keep you calm during the hard times？

F. Somewhere in the world, someone has it a lot worse than you right at this moment.

G. Where has it ever been written that everyone needs to go through the difficulties alone？

    Nothing succeeds like success, as every parent of a straight-A student knows, but trying to strengthen academic excellence by telling your child, " You're so smart!" may be counterproductive.

According to the: findings of a 2017 study, children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention and return to normal from mistakes than children who think their intelligence can grow and change. Telling kids they're smart strengthens the idea that intelligence is a genetic gift rather than a skill that can be improved.

In the study published online, researchers at Michigan State University looked at 123 children who were about 7, as kids at this age face the challenge of going to school. The team assessed the children to determine whether they had a "growth mindset", who believe that they can work harder to get smarter, or a"fixed mindset", who believe that their intelligence is unable to change. They then asked the children to complete a fast-paced computer accuracy task while their brain activity was recorded. In the task, children played a game, helping a zookeeper catch escaped animals by pressing the space bar when an animal showed up on their screens.

Based on the data they collected, the researchers concluded that children with a "growth mindset" were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake, and in turn were more likely to improve their performance by paying closer attention to the task after making an error.

While previous research has shown that people with a "fixed mindset" don't want to admit they've made a mistake, this study found that children with a "fixed mindset" were able to "return to normal" after making an error, but only if they gave their full attention to the mistake and used it as an opportunity to learn.

For parents, the lessons are clear: For starters, don't pay compliments（赞美的话）that suggest intelligence is fixed. If a child hands you an A+test, don't say, " You're so smart!" Instead say," Wow, that studying really paid off!" or " You clearly mastered this material—way to go!". Note the effort, not the intelligence.

1.Which of the following can be closest to the meaning of " counterproductive"?

A.Achieving the opposite result.

B.Going far away from the goal.

C.Showing off your intelligence.

D.Forming a good relationship.

2.What was discovered in a 2017 study?

A.Children are easy to lose focus in class.

B.It takes time for children to regain confidence.

C.Skills are generally thought to be able to be improved.

D.Telling kids they're smart means emphasizing the born gift.

3.What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?

A.The purpose and the process of the study.

B.The major breakthrough made in the study.

C.The participants and the place of the study.

D.The scientific methods used in the study.

4.How is the text developed?

A.By listing statistics.

B.By comparison.

C.By showing examples.

D.By reasoning

    It is quite apparent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon rainforest. Without it we would not have grown into primates (灵长类动物) . Or we would probably still be struggling to sharpen a bronze tool while crawling around on four legs in search of meat. Without competition, Columbus wouldn’t have discovered America and Edison would never have invented the light bulb.

Friendship, like all relationships between two people, involves competition. It isn’t competition in a traditional sense because there are no goals to be scored and no prize. Perhaps the ecological definition --- the simultaneous (同时) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrinents, living space, or light --- better explains it.

As in nature, high school life is governed by a set of laws, similar to a shortened version of Darwin’s theory of evolution, overpopulation, and competition. There is an abundance of high school students and to distinguish them, ranking and categorizing (分类) take place. In high school, friendships learn to coexist with competition even though at times the relationship is rough. In fact, in some circumstance, competition is too much of a burden for a friendship to bear, causing it to fall apart. College admission is the final high school objective. Four years of hard work is to achieve good grades, and a student’s fate is determined not only by these achievements, but by the records of thousands of other seniors trying to achieve a similar recognition.

Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life. It sets and improves the standards in everything from sports to schoolwork. A healthy, friendly competition can have only benefits, but when it becomes too fierce, jealousy (妒忌) can tear friendships apart. Yet, despite all this, without competition, we would be lost.

1.What does the ecological definition mainly explain?

A.How to win the competition. B.What competition exactly is.

C.What the result of competition is. D.How friends compete with each other.

2.According to the writer, what causes the high school students to compete?

A.They know the laws of nature well. B.Friendship is a burden for them.

C.The number of them is too large. D.They are divided into different groups.

3.Which best describes the relationship of friendship and competition?

A.Friendship is always based on competition.

B.Competition is a result of lost friendship.

C.Competition is terribly harmful to friendships.

D.The degree of competition is vital to friendship.

4.What does the author think of “competition”?

A.Competition is certain to happen at school.

B.The result of competition are out of control.

C.Competition becomes fierce in high school.

D.Friendship is not as important as competition at school.

    Bullying（欺凌）at school is a problem around the world. Most schools have. tried to reduce bullying by- making more rules. And many schools even have made their teachers supervise（监督）their students' behavior more strictly But one school in Auckland, New Zealand has done something different. Instead of making more rules for the playground, they reduced the number of rules. What happened? There's less bullying and other injuries.

At Swanson Primary School, during playtime, students can play in the mud, climb trees, ride skateboards, and do many such things that aren't allowed at other schools. If they promise that they do not hurt others and do not make trouble for their classmates, they can do just about anything they want.

“They may accidentally hurt themselves, but that's 0K," the teacher Bruce Mclachlan says. " We want kids to be safe and we look after them, but we end up wrapping（包裹）them in cotton wool when in fact they should be able to fall over. " Because students are able to do almost anything they want, they are happier. And happier students are less interested in making trouble. That makes parents and teachers happy.

Playtime freedom all helps the students learn the dangers of rude behavior. This will help develop the part of their brain that measures risks. This can be helpful when they are older. For example, if a kid does something rude on a skateboard and gets hurt, he or she will be less likely to repeat the rude activity. And if kids learn not to be rude on a skateboard, they are less likely to be hurt later in life when they're driving cars. Safety is important, but as Swanson Primary School has shown, more rules don't always mean more safety.

1.What happened when a school reduced the number of playground rules?

A.Students were out of control completely.

B.Teachers took on more responsibility.

C.Less students were bullied or injured.

D.More parents worried about school bullying.

2.What rule should students obey if they want to do something freely at Swanson Primary School?

A.They do not hurt anyone else.

B.They're being strictly supervised.

C.They study carefully in the classroom.

D.They do not make trouble for their teachers.

3.What does Bruce Mclachlan mean by saying “we end up wrapping them in cotton wool” in Paragraph 3?

A.Students get hurt easily.

B.Students are overprotected.

C.Students can't wear what they like.

D.Students are given too much freedom.

4.According to the last paragraph, playtime freedom helps students          .

A.avoid driving cars

B.make safe decisions

C.learn how to obey rules

D.become more confident

    Doing voluntary work is becoming more and more popular nowadays because it benefits the individual volunteer, people in need and our society.

When helping others, we are enriching our lives as well. First, doing voluntary work is our responsibility and duty. Second, we can enlarge our life circles so that we get more chances to learn deeper about the present situation of our society, which is very important to our future development. Last, when doing voluntary work with others, we are improving our ability to cooperate with different people and build up team spirit. As for us students, doing voluntary work is an effective way to participate in social activities. In other words, it gives us the chances to prepare to fit into the society in advance.

Through voluntary work, the living conditions of people in need are improved. For example, lots of children in remote areas don't have access to enough food and clothes, let alone education. Some people donate money and clothes while some volunteers go to these areas to teach these children, bringing them knowledge as well as the latest information of the world. In this way, these children's qualities of life are improved and they'll integrate into the society more easily and get a sense of belonging.

The more voluntary work we do, the more steady and harmonious our society will be. Volunteers spread warmth and care all over the world, strengthening union and trust among citizens. As Ban Ki-moon once said, “Volunteerism is a source of community strength. It can bring positive social change by promoting respect for diversity, equality and the participation of all."

In conclusion, by doing voluntary work, both volunteers and people in need get the precious life experience, and it benefits our society to a large degree. We should keep on doing and appeal to more people to take part in this meaningful activity.

1.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A.Doing voluntary work is becoming popular at present.

B.Doing voluntary work takes much energy and money.

C.Doing voluntary work can make more people live a happy life.

D.Doing voluntary work is beneficial to others, our society and volunteers themselves.

2.Why does the writer say it also benefits individual volunteers while they are helping others?

A.It can improve their ability to get along with different kinds of people,

B.It helps them win recognition and respect from others.

C.One can become famous for doing voluntary work.

D.One can make more friends while helping others.

3.Which of the following can best replace the underlined phrase in the third paragraph?

A.Break into. B.Look into.

C.Adapt to. D.Contribute to.

4.From what Ban Ki-moon said, what did he disagree with?

A.Voluntary work makes our society a big family full of love and care.

B.Voluntary work is a bridge connecting all kinds of people together.

C.Voluntary work is so necessary that we should stick with it.

D.Voluntary work contributes to people's leading a wealthy life.

短文改错

High school is regarded as best time of my life. Besides classes and homework，there's something more that I especial treasure. To leave school without regret, I'll make the best of my limiting time to go over the lessons I've learned from. At the same time, I'd like to show my thanks to all the teacher who have given me so many help. For the purpose of improving me, I'll ask my classmates for some advice, that may be of great value to me. Last and not least, doing some good deeds for my classmates was also my plan. With these things being done, I will have no regret in my high school life.