Having an older brother comes with plenty of benefits. However, a new study finds an interesting downside: children with older brothers take longer when it comes to developing language skills.

The study, conducted by a group of researchers in Paris, France, builds upon early research that having older brothers is associated with poor linguistic(语言的)development. Now, researchers say they have come to a more specific conclusion: only children with an older brother show these linguistic difficulties. One would assume(假设) that children with older brothers would grow up around more conversation on a daily basis, thus speeding up their language development. But researchers say such children actually take longer than their older brothers to begin developing these skills. Researchers studied more than 1,000 children from birth to the age of five-and-a-half years old. Each child’s language skills were tested at ages 2, 3, and 5.5, using tests specially designed to measure many aspects of language development such as vocabulary and syntax(句法). What the research team discovered was significant: children with an older brother had, on average, a two-month delay in their language development compared to studied children with an older sister. As far as explaining this phenomenon, researchers have given two assumptions. The first is that older sisters tend to talk more often than older brothers, which would make up for parents being less present than they were for their first child. The second assumption is that older sisters usually compete with their brothers and sisters less than older brothers for their parents’ attention.

So far, the study’s authors say they can’t say for certain why children with older brothers have a harder time developing language skills. In the future they’d like to investigate it further.

1.What does the word “downside” mean in the first paragraph?

A.slide. B.advantage.

C.upside down. D.disadvantage.

2.What can be learned from the passage?

A.Children with older brothers will speak earlier.

B.No one knows exactly the reason why children with brothers speak later.

C.Children with an older sister had a two-month delay in speaking.

D.Researchers studied over 1,000 children of all ages.

3.What’s the weakness for the children with older brothers?

A.The parents will never care about them any more.

B.The older brothers will always fight with them.

C.The development speed of their linguistic skills will be put off.

D.They won’t enjoy life-long close relationships with the older brothers.

4.What’s the best title of the passage?

A.Young brothers usually speak earlier?

B.Having older brothers always benefits you?

C.Parents love older brothers more?

D.Sisters often compete with brothers?

    Finding a suitable name for a baby is a big deal in China.When picking out a Chinese name,parents usually select two or three characters that have a carefully thought out meaning, but when deciding on an English name, many of them struggle.That's where Jessup and her company, Special Name,come in. In the last few years, Jessup has helped name 677,900 Chinese babies, and earned over $400,000 in the process, more than enough to pay her college fees.

Jessup came up with the idea for Special Name in 2015,after accompanying her father on a business trip to China.One of her dad's business partners,a Mrs.Wang, asked her to help choose an English name for her daughter.Jessup felt honored and quickly realized the importance of choosing a proper name in Chinese culture.The woman wanted people to be surprised by the things her daughter could achieve,so Jessup suggested the name"Eliza"after the character Eliza Doolittle from the play Pygmalion.Mrs.Wang seemed delighted with Jessup's choice."If Mrs.Wang needed this service,maybe other parents would as well,"Jessup thought.

After returning to UK,Jessup borrowed ￡1,500 from her parents and paid a web designer to build a website,She then spent her free time filling up a database(数据库)with around 4,000 English names,associating them with five major personality characteristics,like honesty and optimism.

In the beginning, Jessup offered the service for free to promote the website,but later,she started charging fees.The business is almost completely self-sufficient,requiring only a small team in China that manages technical operations.She updates the database each month,allowing her to focus full-time on studies.

1.What's the purpose of Special Name?

A.To help Chinese teens go abroad.

B.To strengthen children's personalities.

C.To pick an English name for a Chinese baby.

D.To make a deal with Chinese parents.

2.What inspired Jessup to set up Special Name?

A.A suggestion from a business partner. B.Her interest in Chinese culture.

C.A Chinese mother's request. D.A character from a play.

3.What did Mrs.Wang want her daughter to be in the future?

A.A woman with achievements. B.A famous actress.

C.A successful businesswoman. D.A western culture expert.

4.What can we infer from the last paragraph about Special Name?

A.It offers free service. B.It's updated every day.

C.It's operated completely by itself. D.It is easy to manage.

Great Activities for Nature Lovers

Hiking

One of the easiest and most accessible ways to get close to nature is by setting out on a good old fashioned hike. Hiking generally doesn't require any fancy equipment or special skills, just a piece of map and a thirst for adventure. This activity can be as relaxing as you make it.

Backcountry Camping

Why limit yourself to just a day hike when you can have a full weekend for a longer adventure? Backcountry camping involves packing your tent，sleeping gear ,food, and water on your back to set up camp in a remote location. I you’re an experienced hiker and camper ,this is an excellent way to test your survival skills and explore the wilderness.

Mountain and Road Biking

Unlike long hikes through the woods , biking allows you to cover more ground and travel farther in nature. Mountain biking typically involves riding up and down steep slopes , between trees , and over rocks. If this sounds too intense or your tires aren't suited for rugged terrain( 地形) , consider taking a road bike on paved trails through forest preserves or along country roads.

Gardening

Contrary to popular belief, you don't have to travel beyond your own backyard to experience the beauty of nature every day. If your personality is less adventurous or your mobility restricted, consider planting a garden to grow your own vegetables , fruit , herbs，or flowers. There's something truly satisfying about mixing up a salad with fresh ingredients you grow yourself. One of the best parts about spending time in gardening is that it doesn't have to break your budget and anyone can do it.

1.W hat do hikers need for hiking?

A.Practical skills. B.Necessary equipment.

C.A useful map. D.A relaxed mood.

2.W hat's NOT the advantage of gardening according to the text?

A.You don't need to go far to enjoy the beauty of nature.

B.It gives you a sense of satisfaction when cooking with fresh ingredients.

C.It doesn't take any energy or money to do it.

D.I’s easy to start it for anyone who likes it.

3.Which of the following can take you to travel farthest?

A.Hiking. B.Backcountry Camping.

C.Mountain and Road Biking. D.Gardening.

假定你是李华。你所在的学校摄影社团正在招收新成员。请给你的留学生朋友Eric写封邮件邀请他加入，内容包括：1.社团活动；2.报名方式及截止日期。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Eric,

How is everything getting along?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加﹑删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出修改后的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Think about all the plastic in our lives like plastic bags, cups and plates around us and also those forks and 1. （spoon） in your school cafeteria which may be plastic. For better or for 2. （bad）, plastic seems to be everywhere.

Back in 3. 1990s, a man 4.（name）Charles Moore discovered a huge island of plastic 5.（float）in the North Pacific Ocean—tons and tons of floating plastic items and garbage. Since then, four more floating islands of plastic 6.（discover）in other parts of the world.

Although experts are not sure 7. the plastic is doing to the health of our oceans or our own health right now, they suspect small fish are eating tiny bits of the plastic which are getting into big fish when they eat the small fish. We, at the top of the food chain, perhaps are the last that the plastic is very 8.（like）to get into.

Moore and his fellow researchers hope 9.（figure）out what effect the plastic is having, but right now what they do know 10. sure is that from 10,000 to 35,000 tons of plastic is floating on the surface of our oceans. And we humans put it there.

    Alia Baker is a librarian in Iraq. Her library used to be a ____ place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge. They ____ various matters all over the world. When the war was near, Alia was______that the fires of war would destroy the books, which are more ____ to her than mountain of gold. The books are in every language — new books, ancient books, ____ a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.

She had asked the government for______to move the books to a _____place, but they refused. So Alia took matters into her own hands. _____, she brought books home every night,______her car late after work. Her friends came to _____her when the war broke out. Anis who owned a restaurant  ___ to hide some books. All through the_____ , Alia, Anis, his brothers and neighbours took the books from the library, _____them over the seven-foot wall and _____them in the restaurant. The books stayed hidden as the war______. Then nine days laters, a fire burned the______to the ground.

One day, the bombing stopped and the_____ left. But the war was not over yet. Alia knew that if the books were to be safe, they must be ____ again while the city was _____. So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses of friends in the suburbs(郊区). Now Alia waited for the war to end and ____ peace and a new library.

1.A.meeting B.working C.personal D.religious

2.A.raised B.handled C.reported D.discussed

3.A.worried B.angry C.doubtful D.curious

4.A.practical B.precious C.reliable D.expensive

5.A.then B.still C.even D.rather

6.A.permission B.confirmation C.explanation D.information

7.A.large B.public C.distant D.safe

8.A.Fortunately B.Surprisingly C.Seriously D.Secretly

9.A.starting B.parking C.filling D.testing

10.A.stop B.help C.warn D.rescue

11.A.intended B.pretended C.happened D.agreed

12.A.war B.night C.building D.way

13.A.put B.opened C.passed D.threw

14.A.hid B.exchanged C.burnt D.distributed

15.A.approached B.erupted C.continued D.ended

16.A.restaurant B.library C.city D.wall

17.A.neighbours B.soldiers C.friends D.customers

18.A.sold B.read C.saved D.moved

19.A.occupied B.bombed C.quiet D.busy

20.A.dreamed of B.believed in C.cared about D.looked for

    If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 1.

The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 2. We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.

I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 3. Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.

4. We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.

5. It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.

A.This time there was no tent.

B.Things are going to be improved.

C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.

D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.

E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.

F.After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.

G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.

    Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle —named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.

Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t  expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t  help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.

Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition  is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.

Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.

1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A.The basic data of the Transition.

B.The advantages of flying cars.

C.The potential market for flying cars.

D.The designers of the Transition.

2.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?

A.It causers traffic jams.

B.It is difficult to operate.

C.It is very expensive.

D.It burns too much fuel.

3.What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?

A.Cautious B.Favorable.

C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.Flying Car at Auto Show

B.The Transition’s First Flight

C.Pilots’ Dream Coming True

D.Flying Car Closer to Reality

    Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.

Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.

It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.

“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”

Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.

Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”

1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?

A.To remember the birth of jazz.

B.To protect cultural diversity.

C.To encourage people to study music.

D.To recognize the value of jazz.

2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A.Jazz becoming more accessible.

B.The production of jazz growing faster.

C.Jazz being less popular with the young.

D.The jazz audience becoming larger.

3.What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?

A.It will disappear gradually.

B.It remains black and white.

C.It should keep up with the times.

D.It changes every 50 years.

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A.Exploring the Future of Jazz.

B.The Rise and Fall of Jazz.

C.The Story of a Jazz Musician.

D.Celebrating the Jazz Day.

    Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.

The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged（蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.

The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings（版画） by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit.

In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景) painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said,＂Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.＂While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.

1.What is the text mainly about?

A.Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.

B.Williams’ influence on Benjamin.

C.The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.

D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.

2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?

A.The cat would be closely watched.

B.The cat would get some medical care.

C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.

D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.

3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?

A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.

B.He provided him with painting materials.

C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.

D.He taught him how to make engravings.

4.Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to _____________.

A.master the use of paints

B.appreciate landscape paintings

C.get to know other painters

D.make up his mind to be a painter

Pacific Science Center Guide

◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store

Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.

◆Hungry

Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.

◆Rental Information

Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.

◆Support Pacific Science Center

Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.

1.Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?

A.In Building 1.

B.In Building 3.

C.At the the Laser Dome.

D.At the Denny Way entrance.

2.What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?

A.Train Science teachers.

B.Distribute science books.

C.Inspire scientific research.

D.Take science to the classroom.

3.What is the purpose of the last part of the text?

A.To encourage donations.

B.To advertise coming events.

C.To introduce special exhibits.

D.To tell about the Center’s history.

    Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock.1.Here’s how to make one.

● 2.In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.

● Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 3. That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.

● Keep your sleep/ wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating (补偿) on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found.  4.

● Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 5. If not, take another look at other methods you could try.

A.Get a sleep specialist.

B.Find the night motivation.

C.A better plan for sleep can help.

D.And consider setting a second alarm.

E.If the steps you take are working, keep it up.

F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.

G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the café to get coffee.

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.

1.这场经济危机将席卷整个欧洲似乎是在所难免的。(sweep)

2.他父母所骄傲的是他用一种全新的方式演绎了整个角色。(pride)

3.虽然政府已经对公共场合吸烟下了禁令，但一些吸烟者还是甘愿冒着被罚款的危险。(ban n. / risk n.)

4.无论他跺脚，折断指挥棒，还是把乐谱撕得粉碎，指挥都无法从管弦乐队那得到要的效果。(tear)

5.正是因为表演特技需要天赋和技巧，才使得一些特技不得不留给专业特技演员。(It 强调句, leave)

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

Holidays are not necessarily for fun or rest. Doing something meaningful can also gain  special pleasure. When the final bell rang, the students were reminded that there was no  school on Monday—the Labor Day. “Enjoy your extra day off,”said the teacher to her class.

An extra day of fun suited Kayla just fine. She loved breaks. She wanted to go out to play with her friends. When the school bus dropped Kayla off, she ran into the house happily.

“How was school, Kayla?” asked her mom.

“It was great, Mom. I am excited about no school on Monday. ”

“You just started back to school two weeks ago. Already in need of a break, huh?” asked Kayla’s mom with a laugh.

Kayla slept in the next morning. Saturday was her favorite day of the week. It rained most of the day, so Kayla enjoyed playing video games inside. On Sunday, her friends came over and they played basketball for several hours.

Then it was Labor Day, you know, the extra day off that Kayla was so looking forward to. But Kayla was awakened early that morning by her dad. He told Kayla that in honor of Labor Day, the family would be cleaning both inside and outside the house. Kayla couldn’t believe it. This was a holiday. A day when she was supposed to be enjoying freshly squeezed lemonade while playing in her tree house. As Kayla wiped her eyes, she began to wonder if this was just a bad dream.

“Kayla, your breakfast is ready. We have a lot of work to do today. Let’s get a move on, ”said Kayla’s mom. As she sat down at the kitchen table, Kayla asked her parents,

“Are you serious about working today? Isn’t Labor Day a holiday?”

“Yes, Kayla. It is, ”replied her dad. “But your mom and I thought working hard today would make you appreciate why Labor Day was observed in the first place. ”

Paragraph1：

At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2：

But things began to change as she was doing the chores.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假定你是李华，你校将要举办风筝节。请给你的英国朋友Harry写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括:

1. 活动的时间、地点；

2. 活动内容。

注意:

1. 词数100词左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行为连贯。

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Last week European Union leaders 1. (urge) to support re-wilding efforts by environmental activist groups, including the World Wildlife Fund.

“Re-wilding” is a conservation effort aimed at returning land 2. its more natural, undeveloped state. This movement is growing in 3. (popular) around the world, especially in cities and towns where lawns (草地) covers most areas. Replacing lawns with diverse native plants can help support wildlife like bees and other insects.

Native plants can grow in any conditions so there is no need to introduce foreign plants when there 4. (be) so many other options. Part of the process of re-wilding means 5. (change) the way most people attend to their green spaces. For example, it is not a good idea to clean up your garden 6. (immediate) at the end of the growing season. It is better to leave dead plants as they are. Birds 7. favorite food is seeds appreciate it when you don’t deadhead flowers. Less cutting of plants and grass lets pollinators (授粉者) get to flowers, and 8.(fall) leaf collection should be limited, too. The remains of the garden and lawn provide food and shelter for important insect life.

No area is too small, and every space we can leave for nature to blossom (开花) is 9. (value). So you’d better tell neighbors about your re-wilding project, 10. they might misunderstand your effort as simple laziness.

阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled，pain-free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness, then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact，the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.

As a result，many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage，raising children，professional achievement，religious commitment and self-improvement.

Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest，he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun，adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments，but they are not its most distinguishing features.

Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or a three-day vacation. I don't know any parent who would choose the word "fun" to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.

Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

1.According to the author，why does a bachelor resist marriage？（no more than 10 words）

2.What is the author's opinion on raising children？（no more than 10 words）

3.Please explain the underlined word “commitment” in English in Paragraph 3. （no more than 1 word）

4.What is the author trying to tell us？（no more than 10 words）

5.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph？（no more than 20 words）

    Making beers on the moon might seem like a pipe dream to many, but for a group of students from the University of California at San Diego, there is a chance to take their research beyond Earth’s surface.

The Lab2Moon competition, held by TeamIndus, is offering students the chance to secure a spot on the TeamIndus rocket this year.

Taking craft beer to the next level, the students want to test whether it’s possible for yeast(酵母) to work and create beer on the moon. However, they believe the experiment is not just a creative concept for astronauts, it’s also important for the development of drugs and yeast-containing food, like bread.

“The idea started out with a few laughs among a group of friends,” said Neeki Ashari, a fifth-year bioengineering students at UC San Diego. “We all appreciate the craft beer. When we heard that there was an opportunity to design an experiment that would go up on India’s moonlander, w e thought we could combine our hobby with the competition by focusing on the practicality of yeast in outer space.”

The preparation work for the beer — up to the stage of adding yeast — will all be done on Earth, and rather than separating the fermentation ( 发酵) and carbonation stage of making beer, the team plans to combine them.

This removes the need to release CO2 accumulated in the process, which may result in cleanliness and safety issues out in space.

If selected, Team Original Gravity will be the first to make beer in outer space, and the fermentation will take place in a container no bigger than a soda can.

All teams competing for the place will showcase their ideas in Bangalore, India, in March.

Sadly, you won’t be enjoying moon beer in your local craft beer bar anytime soon, as no samples will be brought back. However, this small experiment could provide important data on just how practical it is for us to make and create our own resources on other planets and moons by learning how consumables (消耗品) behave in different environments.

1.How did the students feel when they got the chance to design the experiment ?

A.Excited. B.Nervous.

C.Confident. D.Casual.

2.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 6 refer to?

A.The mixing of two stages. B.Adding yeast on Earth.

C.The preparation work on Earth. D.Fermentation and carbonation.

3.What can we learn about the experiment from the passage?

A.It has been designed based on similar experiments.

B.It’s quite competitive compared with other designs.

C.It’s design has already been approved by TeamIndus.

D.Its process was adapted to make it safer and greener.

4.What does the author think of the students ’ idea?

A.It seems like a pipe dream. B.It’s extremely complicated.

C.It’s meaningful and hopeful. D.It’s creative but impractical.

    Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers responsible for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making not only by banks but also by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.

“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the strawberries out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.

The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient(短期的) investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hold back a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been called “quarterly capitalism”.

In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities( 股 票 ), quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be an advantage of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.

In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to delay performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.

Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure(披露) of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.

Within companies, the right compensation design can provide motivation for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all shareholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.

1.According to Paragraph 1, one reason for imposing the new rule is the _______.

A.enhance banker’s sense of responsibility

B.help corporations achieve larger profits

C.build a new system of financial regulation

D.guarantee the bonuses of top executives

2.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be _______.

A.indirect B.negative

C.favorable D.temporary

3.The US and France examples in paragraphs 5 and 6 are used to illustrate_______.

A.the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”.

B.the significance of long-term thinking.

C.the approaches to promoting “long-termism”

D.the popularity of short-term thinking.

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A.Failure of Quarterly Capitalism

B.Patience as a Corporate Virtue

C.Decisiveness Required of Top Executives

D.Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers

People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.

The research team has discovered that subordinate (隶属的)fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding(繁殖) rights within the group, ”explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are non-breeding females, each being 5–10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they keep this size separation.”

The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5–10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.

It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily，by limiting how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.

The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors small.

While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr. Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.

The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive(排他的) to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature,” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females’ own ideal.”

1.When a goby grows to within 5–10% of the size of its larger competitor, it_______.

A.faces danger B.has breeding rights

C.eats its competitor D.leaves the group itself

2.The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to _______.

A.the fish beaten up B.the fish found out

C.the fish fattened up D.the fish driven away

3.The experiment showed that the smaller fish_______.

A.fought over a feast B.went on diet willingly

C.preferred some extra food D.challenged the boss fish

4.What is the text mainly about?

A.Fish dieting and human dieting. B.Dieting and health.

C.Human dieting. D.Fish dieting.

    Do you want a part-time job to earn some extra money? Check out the list and find one that suits your fancy.

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

It seems almost everyone has a friend who is a technical genius. Such people earn money using their talent. If you are one of them, you could be responsible for technical support in your college or university and get your part-time job. You can enjoy the process of earning money while doing your favorite thing.

TUTOR

A lot of students hire a tutor to help them in high school or college. If you are good at some subjects, why not work as a peer tutor? You help your friends and earn money at the same time. If you know foreign languages, you can make more money. All you need to do is to make an appropriate advertisement of your services using college newspapers. One of the best things about being a tutor is that you can set your hours.

FITNESS INSTRUCTOR

If your college or university has a fitness center and if you are a sporty person, go and sign up to get this job. You will have an absolute free opportunity to engage yourself in sports. You need to be a good psychologist, because you are going to work with people and it'll be your job to persuade and motivate them to become sporty, healthy and strong. Being a fitness instructor is a perfect position for those who love to help other people and want to make more friends. OFFICE

WORKER

Nowadays many companies cooperate with college students giving them part-time jobs. Some of the major job duties of an office worker are answering calls and scheduling appointments. If you are interested in doing this job. contact the representatives of different companies to find out if they’re currently hiring anyone.

1.If you want to have a flexible schedule while earning some money, which of the following suits you most?

A.Technical support B.Tutor

C.Fitness instructor D.Office worker

2.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A.As a part-time office worker. you are responsible for answering emails.

B.If you work as a fitness instructor, you should be sporty and sociable.

C.If you are good at foreign languages, you are able to earn more as a tutor.

D.The four kinds of part-time jobs are intended for college students.

3.How can one get a job as a part-time office worker?

A.By submitting the application

B.Through an online interview

C.By advertising on the newspaper

D.By contacting the representative of the company

    During my junior year of college, I signed up for a volunteer leaching program in Costa Rica. I lived within an inspiringly colorful living quarter which was ______ into a female and male section, along with a kitchen, eating room and conference room. I taught at a school. It was located（位于）within a ______ and every day birds and butterflies flew throughout our school. It was ______ . We were ______ on Costa Rica’s school system, the country, the language and how to ______ a lesson. Additionally, we took part in ______ acclivities lo relax ourselves.

The experience was beneficial to my English writing ______ when I got back to college, I began writing. I wrote so much that a piece of my writing about that experience was ______ in Folio’s Literary Magazine. Because of that, I was more ______ to continue working abroad.

After ______ , I moved to China for a year and worked in schools to teach reading and writing. It was a life-changing ______ of my life. Not only did I ______ my experiences through a weekly blog, but I began a book. Culture differences ______ me and even consumed me in the beginning, but ______ I fell in love with the people, their schools and their history.

Upon ______ to my home, I became a teacher in Trenton, New Jersey. The moment I stepped into the classroom. I could empathize（感同身受）with my ______ . I truly feel volunteering in Costa Rica was where it all ______ and working in China enriched my leaching life. If I could do anything ______ , it might be volunteering or working abroad more before settling down.

The ______ I’ve made through volunteering and working abroad are an English major’s dream and I hope that every English major ______ the chance to study or work abroad.

1.A.trained B.pulled C.absorbed D.divided

2.A.desert B.sea C.forest D.river

3.A.beautiful B.boring C.vivid D.shocking

4.A.praised B.educated C.interviewed D.commented

5.A.choose B.learn C.plan D.attend

6.A.legal B.fun C.brief D.safe

7.A.because B.unless C.although D.if

8.A.exchanged B.read C.rejected D.published

9.A.worried B.determined C.Frightened D.relaxed

10.A.graduation B.requirement C.operation D.ceremony

11.A.shelter B.topic C.move D.conflict

12.A.confirm B.gain C.compare D.share

13.A.confused B.amuse C.calmer D.excited

14.A.easily B.gradually C.strangely D.usually

15.A.belong B.pointing C.returning D.referring

16.A.volunteers B.classmates C.colleagues D.students

17.A.replied B.disappeared C.escaped D.started

18.A.correctly B.deliberately C.differently D.strictly

19.A.excuses B.discoveries C.preparations D.decisions

20.A.jumps at B.stands for C.turns down D.speaks our

阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右.

Three years ago. I was arranged to work for a few weeks as a dentist in a new dental clinic at Victor Harbor, to the south of Adelaide and an hour further away than my usual workplace. My first day there was rush driving to a new and unfamiliar clinic and getting used to the different rules and clinical environment.

In my worry and anxiety, and feeling a little unfamiliar in the new setting, I removed my three things: my wedding ring, a ring that belonged to my mother and one that was an anniversary gift from my husband. I wrapped them in a tissue(纸巾) and placed them beside my computer.

During my lunch break, I noticed the wrinkled tissue and thought that it didn’t look very neat and dropped it into the rubbish bin. I went about my duties and my day went on well; I met new patients and felt that I had been productive and efficient. Driving home at the end of the day, just moments before I reached my house, I noticed that I was missing my rings. I felt the heart in my body rose, my cheeks burning red. I went inside and tried to calm down. I felt sick to my stomach and I had that sinking feeling in my heart. I spent an hour or so making calls trying to follow the track of my rings. The first people I called was my manager and clinical leader and they gave me a few contact numbers for cleaners. I got in touch with a lady who managed the cleaning services for the clinic and she informed me that the bins had already been collected.

Heartbroken, I knew nothing could be done now. I had lost my wedding ring and one of my most treasured rings my mother’s wedding ring. Had it not been for my carelessness, all this would not have happened. With great sorrow and regret, I just sat there rooted in my chair.

Paragraph 1:

After two hours or so, I received a most amazing phone call. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

I decided to thank the wonderful person face to face. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假设你是某中学学生李华，你的朋友Tom 写信与你讨论友谊的问题。请写一封80词左右的回信，谈谈你对友谊的认识，内容包括：

1. 人和人、人和动物都能产生友谊；

2. 朋友能提供精神和物质上的帮助；

3. 朋友有好坏之分，友谊也有真假之别。

Dear Tom,

Glad to have received your letter. In your letter you said you would like to talk about friendship with me.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Lihua

根据首字母提示或中文提示写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。注意：每个空格只写1个单词。答题时请写出包含所给首字母的完整的单词。

1.When it comes to second hand cars, one has to be as c_____________ as possible about the condition of them.

2.Although we both like sports, I’m more a_____________ than Liu Li.

3.The captain a______________ to us for being unable to tell us more about the accident.

4.Both men were found g_____________ of illegally entering the country.

5.He a____________ having done wrong. As a result, I forgave him.

6.I was against the project, but he continued r_______________.

7.It’s no use a__________ with Mr. Baker. He won’t accept your thoughts.

8.Don’t be too serious about the r___________ made on the Internet.

9.He told the policeman that he made the _______________ (认识) of the young man on the trip to New York.

10.With the instrument (仪器) m__________ patients’ heartbeats, there’s no need to worry too much.

    In life, we will succeed and fail often for reasons that are entirely out of our control. For instance, we can be _________ nice and love someone deeply, and they may not love us _________. We can work harder than anyone else in the office and still not be promoted to management. We can eat _________ food, exercise and stay away from alcohol and cigarettes, and still get sick.

The bottom line is that life is not _________.

That is a bitter pill to _________ for many of us. As a result, some people shut down after being hit by even one unfair blow from life. They can’t handle the fact that our efforts don’t always get the results that we _________. But if we let life’s unfairness _________ us, we will never receive the beautiful blessings that life has in store for us.

For example, my first marriage _________ divorce (离婚). To me, it felt very unfair. However hard I had tried to be a good wife, I could not make the relationship work. I could have been _________ by that experience and decided that if one person didn’t appreciate me as a wife, then no one would. I could have ______________. ____________, I knew I wanted to be married and experience traditional family life. Then I met my present husband and now have a happy family.

What I’ve learned over the years is that we can do all the things that deserve a good result, but get bad things in return ____________. When life doesn’t go ____________ plan, we have to ____________ the result that we have been looking forward to and keep trying, and doing the right thing. Accept that life is neither fair nor easy. ____________ we remain confident, we can drive our unfair experiences away and use them for our benefit.

1.A.firmly B.extremely C.nearly D.physically

2.A.hardly B.back C.enough D.well

3.A.delicious B.clean C.fresh D.healthy

4.A.ideal B.smooth C.fair D.fortunate

5.A.ruin B.grasp C.access D.swallow

6.A.expect B.promote C.wish D.concern

7.A.defeat B.win C.damage D.confuse

8.A.led to B.ended in C.consisted of D.started with

9.A.injured B.discouraged C.hurt D.forbidden

10.A.reached out B.calmed down C.shut up D.given up

11.A.But B.So C.However D.And

12.A.otherwise B.therefore C.instead D.rather

13.A.ahead of B.according to C.instead of D.due to

14.A.watch out for B.take control of C.take advantage of D.let go of

15.A.If B.Whether C.While D.As

Sleep Tips: Steps to Better Sleep

Think about all the factors that can influence a good night’s sleep — from work stress and family responsibilities to unexpected challenges. 1. While you might not be able to control the factors that affect your sleep, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep.

Stick to a sleep schedule.

The recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours. Most people don’t need more than eight hours in bed to achieve this goal. 2. Try to limit the difference in your sleep schedule on weeknights and weekends to no more than one hour. If you don’t fall asleep within about 20 minutes, leave your bedroom and do something relaxing. Go ahead to bed when you’re tired. Repeat as needed.

Pay attention to what you eat and drink.

Don’t go to bed hungry or full. In particular, avoid heavy or large meals within a couple of hours of bedtime. 3. Nicotine, coffee and alcohol deserve caution, too. The stimulating effects of nicotine and caffeine take hours to disappear. And even though alcohol might make you feel sleepy, it can interrupt sleep later in the night.

Create a restful environment.

Create a room that’s ideal for sleeping. Often, this means cool, dark and quiet. 4. Consider using room-darkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs.

Limit daytime naps.

Long daytime naps can affect nighttime sleep. If you choose to nap, limit yourself to up to 30 minutes and avoid doing so late in the day. If you work nights, however, you might need to nap late in the day before work to help make up for sleep debt.

5.

Regular physical activity can promote better sleep. Avoid being active too close to bedtime — it raises your body temperature so that your sleep is disturbed. However, spending time outside every day might be helpful, too.

A.Your discomfort might keep you up.

B.It’s no wonder that quality sleep is sometimes difficult to get.

C.Sleeping with light on might make it more challenging to fall sleep.

D.Go to bed and get up at the same time every day.

E.Know how to manage worries.

F.Include physical activity in your daily routine.

G.Read or listen to relaxing music.

    What do you do when you have a problem? Would you ask a crowd of strangers for a solution? It may sound strange, but it has encouraged this successful innovation (创新). That's the thinking behind a challenge prize.

Challenge prizes come in many shapes and sizes but the basic concept (观念) remains the same. Rather than paying an expert to work out a solution, you offer the prize to anyone who believes they can solve it and presented the first to do so with a prize. Many would argue, “who is better qualified (有资格的) than an expert”. But actually, not using an expert will result in a great deal of thinking outside of the box.

Some argue that formal education can kill creativity, because it sometimes only teaches a single method to achieve the task. Similarly, some suggests that experts can have the same problem. “If we set up a challenge prize, the ‘experts’ that come to compete in it may tell us it can't be done,” says Marcus Shingles, the former CEO of the XPRIZE Foundation.

There are other advantages too. “You are not asking people to use a particular solution set on how to solve that problems. So you get the large amount of diversity,” adds Shingles. And because the crowd acts like a think tank (智囊团). Various thinking can throw up issues that may have been overlooked (忽视).

However, there are dangerous connected to challenge prizes. “You don't want to be creating a challenge prize which inspires people to solve a problem where there is no demand,” says Tris Dyson, the Executive Director of Nesta’s Center for Challenge prizes. This happened in 1979 when a prize of £100,000 was claimed by the first person to fly under human power across the English Channel. Despite its success, it has not led to the adoption of human powered flight as a form of travel. And of course, there are those who invest their personal time and money only to see no return at all.

The pros and cons of challenge prizes affect both problems-setters and problem-solvers. But they don't seem to be going out of style anytime soon. To many, the challenge to innovate and the attraction of the prize are too much to resist (抵制). And there is no solution for that.

1.What is the basic concept behind a challenging prize?

A.Rewarding the first one to solve a challenging problem.

B.Competing with the experts to get a particular solution.

C.Challenging the formal education that kills creativity.

D.Picking out someone more qualified than experts.

2.According to Marcus Shingles, what can be the problem with experts?

A.Overlooking possible details about a problem.

B.The lack of connection on practical innovations.

C.Failure to find a solution due to habitual thinking.

D.Overconfidence in finding a best solution.

3.What is the potential danger of challenge prizes?

A.Prizes received no return in terms of practical use.

B.The money shortage prevents the adoption of innovations.

C.Innovations are likely to go out of date in a short time.

D.The attraction of prize money is hard to resist.

4.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A.Arguments for formal education.

B.The problem-solving prizes.

C.Dangers connected with challenge prizes.

D.The attraction of innovation.

    A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves — the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.

We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too ashamed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.

This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!”

Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably answer in a similar manner. Or harsh(刻薄的) and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive.

Words have power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid.

Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem(自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.

1.The main idea of the first paragraph is that ________.

A.not sticks and stones but words will hurt us

B.encouraging words give us confidence

C.negative words may let us down

D.words have a great effect on us

2.There is no need for us to feel ashamed when we talk to ourselves because ________.

A.almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves

B.talking to ourselves can has positive effect on us

C.talking to ourselves always gives us courage

D.it does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone

3.The underlined part in the third paragraph means that we should also timely ________.

A.praise ourselves B.remind ourselves

C.make ourselves relaxed D.give ourselves happiness

4.The author would probably hold the view that ________.

A.encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers

B.negative words may stimulate us to make more progress

C.people tend to remember friendly words

D.it is better to think twice before talking to others