Runners in a relay race pass a stick in one direction. However, merchants passed silk, gold, fruit, and glass along the Silk Road in more than one direction. They earned their living by traveling the famous Silk Road.

The Silk Road was not a simple trading network. It passed through thousands of cities and towns. It started from eastern China, across Central Asia and the Middle East, and ended in the Mediterranean Sea. It was used from about 200 B.C. to about 1300 A.D., when sea travel offered new routes. It was sometimes called the world’s longest highway. However, the Silk Road was made up of many routes, not one smooth path. They passed through what are now 18 countries. The routes crossed mountains and deserts and had many dangers of hot sun, deep snow and even battles. Only experienced traders could return safe.

The Silk Road got its name from its most prized product. Silk could be used like money to pay taxes or buy goods. But the traders carried more than just silk. Gold, silver, and glass from Europe were much found in the Middle East and Asia. Horses traded from other areas changed farming practices in China.

Indian merchants traded salt and other valuable goods. Chinese merchants traded paper, which produced an immediate effect on the West. Apples traveled from central Asia to Rome. The Chinese had learned to graft different trees together to make new kinds of fruit. They passed this science on to others, including the Romans. The Romans used grafting to grow the apple. Trading along the Silk Road led to world-wide business 2,000 years before the World Wide Web. The people along the Silk Road did not share just goods. They also shared their beliefs. The Silk Road provided pathways for learning, diplomacy, and religion.

1.What is required to be traders along the Silk Road?

A.Remembering the entire trade route. B.Dealing with a lot of difficulties.

C.Receiving certain special training. D.Knowing the making of products.

2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A.Silk was the most prized product. B.The Silk Road led to world-wide business.

C.People traded many goods along the route. D.The Silk Road used to be the world’s longest highway.

3.How does the new technology travel along the Silk Road?

A.Trading goods along the route. B.Sharing each others’ beliefs.

C.Learning from one another. D.Making a living by traveling.

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A.The Silk Road: East Meets West B.The Silk Road: Past and Present

C.The Silk Road: Routes Full of Dangers D.The Silk Road: Pathways for Learning

    Grandma’s Marathon doesn’t have the nationwide recognition. In Minnesota, though, people who’ve never run more than a few steps are familiar with the race.

While Grandma’s Marathon has been on my mind for years, I always found myself committed to a different race. When my sister mentioned she was signing up for the race last fall, I followed suit. It felt so far away at first, especially during those early training runs in the dead of winter. That changed once spring began. Before I knew it, the marathon day had arrived.

I’m no stranger to this, but nothing prepared me for Grandma’s Marathon mentally. Race day would be cold and rainy one day, then hot and sunny the next. Part of this has to do with the fact that Grandma’s Marathon is in June, the middle of Minnesota’s severe weather season, which typically witnesses the most thunderstorms.

Things weren’t looking great the night before the race. There was potential for thunderstorms, meaning race cancellation, and the temperature seemed a little hot. Everything changed when we woke up.

I’m not sure if it was because of the fog present through most of the morning, but the race course was just beautiful. We passed through gently rolling hills in quiet, wooded areas for much of the beginning. And the first time I saw Lake Superior, it nearly took my breath away. Even the finishing area was picturesque. I really had a good race that day.

I come from a family full of runners and many of us compete in the same events. The sad reality is that it’s rare that more than one of us will have a good race during the same competition until Grandma’s Marathon 2018. Finishing in a time of 3:26:18, I ran the second fastest.

1.What does the author intend to tell in the first two paragraphs?

A.The training for Grandma’s Marathon is easy.

B.The author ran Grandma’s Marathon for the first time.

C.The place where Grandma’s Marathon take place is far away.

D.Grandma’s Marathon is popular among the people in America.

2.Which of the following best explains “picturesque” underlined in paragraph 5?

A.Beautiful. B.Tough.

C.Relaxing. D.Interesting.

3.What can we know about the Grandma’s Marathon?

A.The weather on the race day was severe.

B.The author made full preparation for the race.

C.Things were not going smoothly along the race course.

D.The author got a good result in the Grandma’s Marathon.

4.How is the author’s attitude to the result of the event?

A.Objective. B.Puzzled.

C.Proud. D.Worried.

    French children are saying “Hello” to the new academic year and “Bye” to their cellphones during school hours. That’s because a new law has come into effect which bans phone use by students up to the age of 15. The law, which follows a campaign promise by French President Emmanuel Macron, also bans tablets and smart watches.

The ban is also in place at break times, with exceptions in case of emergency and for disabled children, the French Education Ministry said in a statement. In emergencies, students can ask their teachers for permission to use their phones. Meanwhile, high schools can voluntarily carry out the measure.

Education Minister Jean-Michel Blanquer said the new rules aim to help children focus on lessons, better socialize and reduce social media use. The ban is also designed to fight online bullying(欺凌) and prevent thefts and violence in school. Blanquer has told the media that the new law would improve self-control among France’s 12 million school students, nearly 90% of whom have mobile phones. “Being open to technologies of the future doesn’t mean we have to accept all their uses,” Blanquer said in June as the bill was going through in Parliament.

School administrations will decide how to put through the ban and a series of practical measures will be adopted to store students’ phones in lockers or allow them to keep them, switched off, in their backpacks. The law allows teachers to take away the phones until the end of the day in case of someone disobeying the bans.

Jacqueline Kay-Cessou, whose 14-year-old son, David, is entering eighth grade at the Camille See International School, told ABC News she was happy to hear of the ban. “It’s fantastic news. It’s something I’ve wanted for years,” Kay-Cessou said. “I think phones are harmful socially. Kids can’t think and sit still anymore and it’s highly addictive.”

1.What can we know about the new rule?

A.The new rule is welcomed by teachers.

B.French students can use phones during breaks.

C.French students can bring phones to school.

D.The new rule bans all the electronic products at school.

2.Which of the following is the benefit of the new rule?

A.Saving resources.

B.Opening to technologies.

C.Helping fight online bullying.

D.Reducing the misuse of electronic products.

3.What is the opinion of Jacqueline kay-Cessou?

A.Parents should take away cellphones.

B.The school should be strict with students.

C.The cellphone help people socialize better.

D.The cellphone brings a lot of harm to students.

4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear ?

A.Science. B.Education.

C.Culture. D.Entertainment.

    The province of Pescara surrounds the city of the same name and lies in the very centre of the district of Abruzzo. This is a part of Italy of remarkable beauty and with cultural riches, yet it has never been a major destination for international visitors, largely because this area is not very well served by international flight lines. However, many Italians make their way to the coast here in the summertime. Here are places to visit around the Pescara province.

The city of Pescara

The city of Pescara is the most famous today for being the birthplace of Gabriele D'Annunzio, perhaps the greatest Italian writer of the modern ear. It is a developed coastal tourist attraction with several miles of popular sandy beaches and a range of summertime activities for all the family to enjoy.

Citta Sant'Angelo

Lying just a few miles northwest of the city of Pescara in an area famous for the production of Montepulcianod' Abruzzo wine, its main visitor attractions are the churches of San Michele Arcangelo and Santa Chiara.

Loreto Aprutino

Almost directly west of Pescara, and north of Bolognano, it is worth visiting just to see its wall painting of The Judgement, but this small town has many more to offer the visitor including the region's pottery industry and some excellent olive oil.

Castiglione a Casauria

If you enjoy further southwest from Loreto Aprutino, you will come to Casauria and the remains of the 9th-century Abbey(修道院) of San Clemente.

1.What can we infer about the first paragraph?

A.The Pescara province is larger than Abruzzo.

B.Pescara is both a city name and a province name.

C.The Pescara province is the cultural centre of Italy.

D.The Pescara province attracts a lot of visitors around the world.

2.What do you know about Citta Sant' Angelo?

A.It has a long history.

B.It has various activities for family.

C.It's famous for its wine and churches.

D.It's a developed coastal tourist attraction.

3.Which of the following will you choose if you are a fan of Gabriele D' Annunzio?

A.Castiglione a Casauria. B.The city of Pescara.

C.Loreto Aprutino. D.Citta Sant' Angelo.

假如你是李华，你的新西兰笔友 Eric 在汉语演讲比赛中荣获一等奖。请你给他写一封祝贺信，内容包括：

1. 表示祝贺；

2. 表扬他为此付出的努力；

3. 表达对他未来的祝愿。

参考词汇：汉语演讲比赛 the Chinese Speech Contest

注意：1. 词数 100 字左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Eric,

How’s everything going?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错 误,每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个的词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注童：1.毎处错误及修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处.多者（从第11处起）不计分。

On August 21,I was working on my homework, a composition titling “My Hero/Heroine”. I stuck at the very beginning, trying to figure out what would be my hero/heroine.

Attracted by the cheers from the living room, I opened the door only to find my parents were watching the volleyball matches of women's final. Then I decided to take the break and joined in them. The sense of nervousness was overwhelming as the score was quite closely between China and its opponent.

To our delight, China won in the end. We couldn't help feel proud as Chinese! The volleyball players had trained so hard before and fight till the last minute. Without doubt, they were not only my heroines, and the heroines of China! I started to write my composition.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Many people take the idea of saving money very seriously. Back in 1924, in Italy, a group of people 1. (think) the inability to resist spending a major social problem. They had the idea of starting a day to remind people to put away some money for a rainy day. This is how World Saving Day, held on Oct. 31st 2.(annual), was started, and it's still going strong in 2019.

Not surprisingly, a movement 3.(target) the poor was started. People in the underdeveloped world are more open 4. calls to be careful with money. But 5. idea of being thrifty (节俭) has also become popular among the rich. Take Mark Zuckerberg for example. The Facebook founder, one of the world's 6.(rich) people, doesn't spend very much money on himself.

Other people don't spend money because they don't like the culture of 7.(consume). This is connected to the view 8. we should make ourselves happy through the activities we take part in, rather than with what we buy.

But however we view money, moderate spending is certainly a good idea when we are still too young to get a job. There is a British saying that 9.(offer) some good advice in this situation: “Look after the pennies, and the pounds will look after 10.(they).”

    Throughout my life, I was never very athletic. I wasn’t really into____, sports or conflict. The only_____I enjoyed were_____things like watching TV and playing computer games.

It was during my junior year in high school that I realized I needed a_____. My friends were joining the long distance running club and_____me to do it also. At my school, there were no qualification_____; every student was accepted.

As everyone gathered around on the first day of practice, the_________announced it was time for “warm-up”. I  imagined the warm-up would be a_____jog around the 400-metre track. I soon_____it was a 1-km run. After completing the run, I was_______! I wondered, “If that’s warm-up, what’s next?” The_____workout for the day was a 5-km run, which I mostly walked. When I came home, I really considered______. However, I______ myself to keep at it and try harder.

Of course, there was no real improvement______. I always came in last during practice and the first few____. As days and weeks went on, I really tried my best. During practice, I would always  keep at the_____of  the  group; the fastest, more_____runners were always ahead, while the laziest were behind. As the result of my______, warm-up became a real warm-up. The 5-km runs transformed into an_____day of practice. And I was no longer last in anything we did. For a former couch potato, like me, this was a(n)____.

1.A.rules B.arts C.competition D.schoolwork

2.A.procedures B.activities C.lessons D.programs

3.A.endless B.pointless C.important D.challenging

4.A.change B.rest C.team D.result

5.A.accompanied B.assisted C.required D.invited

6.A.trials B.alternatives C.opportunities D.reasons

7.A.competitor B.coach C.reporter D.referee

8.A.hard B.boring C.practical D.casual

9.A.decided B.suspected C.realized D.agreed

10.A.sent off B.taken away C.turned down D.worn out

11.A.real B.best C.expected D.fun

12.A.complaining B.quitting C.crying D.refreshing

13.A.convinced B.taught C.sent D.helped

14.A.actually B.gradually C.separately D.instantly

15.A.performances B.presentations C.races D.steps

16.A.middle B.top C.front D.bottom

17.A.popular B.confident C.serious D.relaxed

18.A.inspiration B.determination C.loyalty D.contribution

19.A.unimaginable B.avoidable C.easy D.optional

20.A.exception B.example C.promotion D.success

Leonardo da Vinci and Nature

In the modern world, art and science are two very separate activities, but in Leonardo’s time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies. 1. Mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movements of the stars in the sky. An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body. He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct. 2.

Mathematics was also connected to music because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers. 3. More than this, though, Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that “without them nothing can be done.”

“Nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy,” wrote Leonardo. In all his activities, Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that control nature. In his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details. Actual experience was more important to him than opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas. 4. His purpose was to examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures. He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature.

5. His quick little sketches (素描), often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch a movement or a shape. More careful drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and ruler. In July 2001, a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for $12 million. It was the most  expensive drawing in the world.

A.Leonardo was always drawing.

B.How could these be connected with art?

C.Leonardo’s ideas were vastly ahead of his time.

D.Mathematicians and doctors worked to discover the unknown.

E.Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.

F.You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper.

G.Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.

    Following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), also named COVID-19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing —the NCP’s symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu, but it’s potentially more dangerous.

Viruses could be deadly, like HIV and Ebola. But what are viruses? How can they cause so much trouble?

Viruses are non-living organisms (有机体) approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they can’t reproduce on their own. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over.

Viruses can infect every living thing – from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life. Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections trigger no noticeable reaction.

Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect. For example, HIV, which causes AIDS, attacks the T-cells of the immune system.

But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists. “Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult”, Ed Rybicki, a virologist (病毒学家) at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, “because viruses don’t leave fossils and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they’ve invaded”.

However, there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses. First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者). Second, viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that “escaped” from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.

For the time being, these are only theories. The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers. Or future studies may reveal that the answer is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears.

1.What can we learn about viruses from the text?

A.Viruses have nothing to do with the common cold.

B.Viruses are really small living organisms.

C.Viruses can’t reproduce unless they find a host cell.

D.Viruses enter our bodies mainly through the mouth, nose and hair.

2.Which of the following might explain the origin of viruses?

A.They evolved from the fossils of large organisms.

B.They evolved from parasites into independent organisms.

C.They evolved from the T-cells in animals.

D.They evolved along with their host cells.

3.The underlined word “plausible” in the last paragraph probably means ________.

A.reasonable B.common

C.creative D.unbelievable

4.What can we conclude from the text?

A.Viruses live longer in human host cells than in animals’.

B.Viruses will become more like bacteria as they evolve.

C.It may take a long time to understand the origin of viruses.

D.The author is optimistic about future virus research.

While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things，they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted—being able to walk on firm ground，hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza． Though not much can be done about the first two things，there may soon be a solution to the third one，thanks to this cool 3-D pizza printer！

About a year ago，NASA offered $125 ,000 to Anjan Contractor， a 3-D technology expert，to build a device（设备）that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand． The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked， tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens．

Late last year， the engineer presented a video of his first prototype（原型）that begins by creating a single slice of dough（面团）that is cooked and printed at the same time．Then comes the tomato “sauce” — a mix of tomato powder，oil and water and finally，a protein slice that resembles cheese．While the video doesn’t show the baking process，the inventor says that once the pizza is printed，it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds．

While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover，Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts．That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years．Though that may sound unrealistic，actually it is not．

Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients（配料）and then they are reduced to the powder form．This，as you can imagine，will not be so easy．But，while the printer may not be ready for space，it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth．Hopefully，NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars！

1.Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do？

A.To ask us not to take common things for granted．

B.To show they live a difficult life there．

C.To show their life is boring in space．

D.To introduce the topic of the text．

2.NASA offered $ 125，000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to _______．

A.create some new type of 3-D printer

B.attract more companies to work for NASA

C.help astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one day

D.produce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits

3.The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that _______．

A.he has no money left to go on with his research

B.the pizza doesn’t seem appetizing to pizza lovers

C.he has no way to make pizza that can last for thirty years

D.he cannot make the food container last for decades

4.What’s the best title of the passage？

A.NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better

B.Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza

C.NASA is working on making pizza for common people

D.A 3-D pizza printer has been used to make pizza

    Recently, a group of scientists decided to find out what the funniest joke in the world was. This was obviously a difficult task, as no two people really agree about what is funny and what is not—especially when they are from different countries.

Here is the joke which the experts decided was the funniest joke in the world：

Two hunters were out in the woods. One of them fell to the ground. He didn’t seem to be breathing; his eyes were closed. The other hunter took out his mobile phone and called the emergency services.

“My friend is dead!” he cried to the operator. “What can I do？”The operator said，“Don’t worry. First, make sure he’s dead.” There was a silence, and then a shot was heard. Bang! The hunter’s voice came back on the line. He said, “OK, now what?”

This is perhaps amusing. Culturally, it depends on us knowing that often hunters are not considered to be very intelligent people, and that often they are quite violent. But perhaps this is not so all over the world. It’s also quite a “black” joke—a joke about something which isn’t really a funny subject. The experts also found the second funniest joke in the world. Here it is：

Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson went on a camping trip. After dinner, they went to sleep. Some hours later, Holmes woke up. “Watson, look up at the sky and tell me what you see.” “I see millions of stars, Holmes,” replied Watson.

“And what do you infer from that? ”

“Well, there are billions of stars ... we are a small part of the universe ...”

“Watson, you idiot!” he said. “Someone has stolen our tent!” I personally think this is better.

Can scientists in the end decide what is funny? Some things are much too complicated, even for scientists.

1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A.Few jokes can make scientists laugh.

B.Only scientists can find out the funniest joke.

C.There are different jokes in different countries.

D.People hold different opinions about what is funny.

2.What does the author think of the first joke?

A.It is not so funny as the experts thought.

B.It is really the funniest joke he has ever heard.

C.It can greatly affect readers’ attitudes toward hunters.

D.It shows that not all hunters are brave and intelligent.

3.We can learn that a person’s understanding of a joke can be affected by ________.

A.the reader’s feeling B.the length of the joke

C.the reader’s cultural background D.the language that the teller uses

4.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A.Uninteresting jokes B.Different kinds of jokes

C.The funniest jokes in the world D.Tips on how to make others laugh

SALISBURY

Summer School

2020 TRAVEL FORM

Please complete and return

Student’s Name:________ Cell number: ________

Travel Plans: Please specify the means of traveling to and from the school.

Students traveling with parents by car should plan to arrive on Sunday, July 1 and depart Salisbury School on Saturday, August 4, the next day after Progress Day. Please indicate:

Students will be arriving and departing with parents.

Students will be traveling by train or bus to/from the school.

New York City — via Train:

(Metro-North Railroad — Harlem Line: Wassaic Station & Grand Central Station)

The Wassaic Station is the closest to the school — approximately 10 miles. Contact information: 845473-8424 or http:// www.mta.info/mnr.

Bus Line from NYC:

The Bonanza bus stop in Canaan, CT is approximately 5 miles from the school. Schedules can be accessed at http://www.bonanza-bus.transit-info.com.

Local Taxi Services:

Lakeville Taxi 860-435-8000 and 800-675-0670

Airport Pickup, Saturday, June 30

Please note: My child will travel to JFK Airport (New York City) where a Salisbury representative will pick students up.

The shuttle (班车) will leave from JFK at 6 o’clock in the afternoon for the return to Salisbury. Please provide all flight information in the space below including the cell phone contact number for your child. We will provide the cell phone number of the representative later. This is the preferred arrival date for all students from home and abroad traveling through JFK, which can be guaranteed by taking the airplane.

Airline & Flight # :_________   NYC Arrival time:_________

Please note: My child will depart on August 4 by shuttle through JFK.

Depending on flight times, students may experience a long wait for their flight departures. Airline & Flight # :_________   Departure time:_________

1.What day is Progress Day?

A.Thursday. B.Friday.

C.Saturday. D.Sunday.

2.What should students keep in mind to take the shuttle on June 30?

A.Booking a bus ticket in advance. B.Arriving before 6 pm.

C.Waiting for a long time in the airport. D.Choosing a Salisbury representative.

3.Whom is this form mainly intended for?

A.The students’ parents. B.Teachers of the school.

C.The driver of the shuttle. D.Home and foreign students.

假如你是李华，你的美国网友Tom对遍布中国大街小巷的扫码支付很感兴趣，特意给你写信想了解一下。你根据以下提示给他回信：

1．中国扫码支付的现状；

2．扫码支付方法：在智能手机上打开支付宝或微信app，扫描二维码；

3．扫码支付的好处。

注意：1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：扫码支付Scan to Pay；支付宝Alipay；微信WeChat；二维码QR code

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中 共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。

Dear Mr. Green,

With World Water Day drawing nearly, our school is planning a series of relating activities. I’m writing to invite you for a lecture concern waste water recycling. The lecture will be hold in our school hall from 4:00 to 5:30 in the afternoon of March 19. We hope it can arouse student’s awareness of water crisis. Therefore, we also hope it can help students get into the habit of saving and recycling water. Make a good use of water from now on, so we together will make a big difference. I would appreciate if you could accept my invitation. I’m looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The history of Chinese poetry dates back almost 2,700 years 1. the Spring and Autumn period (770-476BC). Records are rare before that time 2. of Qin Shi Huang’s destruction of all the books that could 3. (locate). The styles, rules, and regulations for Chinese poetry gradually 4. (change) until the time of the Tang Dynasty (618-907AD), 5. became the golden age for Chinese poetry. During that time a number of 6. (product) poets turned out as many as 50,000 classical poems. All aspects of Chinese society 7. (high) regarded these poets. Seven-character lines became very popular.

Poetry, paintings, and calligraphy (书法) are three of these art forms that go particularly well together. Many poets were also excellent 8. (paint) and calligraphers. A poem would be written for 9. purpose of matching a painting and then written into the forefront of the painting with traditional Chinese calligraphy. This gives the paintings deeper meaning and more elegance. It is common to find this type of poetry, calligraphy art 10. (hang) in people’s homes.

    Abbey is 34 years old, who lives in Oklahoma. She was in _________ when she was told at her 19-week scan that her baby was  _______  by the deadly illness—anencephaly (无脑畸形). It meant she would not_______beyond a few hours.

According to the National Institute of Health, the illness means the baby has an _______  brain and incomplete skull. Approximately one in 10,000 babies in the US is born with anencephaly, most of which _______  miscarriage(流产).

_________, Abbey and her husband Robert decided to have a live_______so that they could spend time with their baby and_______her organs—  _______  the baby the first infant newborn donor in the state.

Afterwards, they asked the doctor for the________ of their unborn child and decided to name her ________. They called her: Annie, which means “grace”.

Abbey told, “__________a terminally-ill baby to term was by far the most difficult thing I have ever done. For us, when ________, we were still able to see so much __________.

The family spent just 14 hours and 58 minutes with Annie ________ she passed away. Her organs were not __________  for transplant because her oxygen levels were too low—which Abbey said was__________––but they were able to give her heart valves and some of her organs could be used for ________.

She believes Annie’s story__________hope and it shows people that in the midst of__________, there can be beauty.

1.A.embarrassment B.desperation C.regret D.shame

2.A.occupied B.affected C.seized D.trapped

3.A.insist B.stand C.live D.grow

4.A.unbelievable B.underdeveloped C.inaccurate D.unaccustomed

5.A.involve in B.take in C.result in D.call in

6.A.Therefore B.However C.Besides D.Instead

7.A.performance B.operation C.meeting D.birth

8.A.dislocate B.preserve C.donate D.replace

9.A.making B.selecting C.pushing D.guaranteeing

10.A.identity B.sex C.nationality D.condition

11.A.on the bed B.on the way C.on the spot D.on the watch

12.A.bringing B.raising C.carrying D.accompanying

13.A.heartbroken B.stressed C.frightened D.lonely

14.A.comfort B.sadness C.possibility D.beauty

15.A.when B.after C.before D.since

16.A.workable B.easy C.adoptable D.valuable

17.A.improper B.unpleasant C.disturbing D.disappointing

18.A.research B.profit C.exchange D.storage

19.A.commits B.gathers C.symbolizes D.expects

20.A.venture B.risk C.disbelief D.misfortune

    Sometimes it can be difficult to relate to the generations that have come before us.  1.

But older people have plenty of wisdom and knowledge to share with younger generations, and treating them with respect should be second nature for all of us.

Call people sir or ma’am. Even if you have grown up in a more casual environment where you usually call your friends’ parents by their first names, you shouldn’t assume that all older people are comfortable with that kind of informal life.  2.  They prefer you call them Mr/Mrs. That’s why it’s always best to ask what name they prefer and use sir or ma’am when you don’t feel comfortable asking.

3.  While it’s true that many elderly people have health problems that may require special assistance, aging doesn’t affect all people in the same way. Assuming that an older person has  poor  eyesight  or  hearing  can  be  extremely  embarrassing  and  make  him  or  her  feel self-conscious. That’s especially true if you make a big deal out of it, such as raising your voice every time you speak to him or her. If you’re unsure whether an older person has such problems, just ask.  4..

Show interest in their lives. It’s easy to think that older people don’t have much going on because they don’t do many of the things that they used to when they are younger.5.  When you visit or call your elderly loved ones, make sure to ask about their favorite activities. If they have a hobby that they particularly enjoy, you might even offer to do it with them. That’s a great way to show them just how interested you are in what’s important to them.

A.Do offer them necessary help.

B.Don’t assume they have disabilities.

C.However, many elderly people are still active.

D.Some elderly people may be more traditional.

E.We ourselves will be old some day in the future.

F.It’s better to be straightforward than to risk annoying someone.

G.Growing up differently makes us feel we have nothing in common with them.

    If you are worried about the planet, please make sure your rubbish is buried under the ground.

People talk about “reduce, reuse, recycle.” It sounds like a good idea. There is a problem, though. Recycling costs too much money.

Even the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says it only makes sense economically and environmentally to recycle about 35 percent of disabled (废弃的) materials. Among those materials are paper and aluminum(铝) cans. Recycling 1 ton of paper or aluminum cans, the agency says, can save about 3 tons of CO2 emissions (排放物) over producing those materials anew. Paper producers pay for the trees they process. If it was cost-effective to recycle paper, producers would be beating down your door to buy it. But they aren’t. That means it’s more expensive to recycle old paper than to cut trees and then replant trees for processing.

Plastic can be recycled too. Given the recent drop in crude oil (原油) prices, it is now cheaper to make a new plastic container than to recycle an old one. Even if that were not true, the EPA says that recycling a ton of plastic saves only about a ton of CO2. However, it doesn’t take into account the water most consumers use to wash their plastic containers before having them recycled. The New York Times journalist John Tierney recently wrote, “If you wash plastic in water that was heated by electricity, then the effort of your recycling could be more carbon in the atmosphere.”

Glass is another recyclable material. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 1 ton you have to recycle 3 tons of glass. If one includes the cost of collecting glass waste from neighborhoods, and the pollution produced by the collection trucks and the recycling process itself, glass recycling creates more greenhouse gas emissions and is more expensive than making new glass, which comes primarily from sand that exists everywhere.

If recycling were truly cost-effective, private companies would be lining up at your doorstep to buy your rubbish. Don’t look now because they’re not there.

1.What’s the EPA’s attitude to recycling aluminum cans?

A.It is helpful to the environment.

B.It is actually a waste of money.

C.It costs less than recycling paper.

D.It costs the same as producing new cans.

2.What increases the cost of recycling plastic?

A.The crude oil.

B.The water pollution

C.The process to clean it.

D.The electricity for lights.

3.What can be learned about making new glass?

A.It results in lots of waste in neighborhood.

B.The material for new glass can be easily got.

C.It is slightly more expensive than recycling glass.

D.Making 3 tons of new glass produces 1 ton of carbon emissions.

4.What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence?

A.Recycling will disappear soon.

B.Companies will line up at your doorstep.

C.Recycling is a way to deal with your rubbish.

D.Companies won’t bother to collect discarded materials.

    A study examining the children of people evacuated(撤离) during the WWII showed the daughters of female evacuees were up to four times more likely to suffer from serious mental health conditions compared to those whose parents stayed at home.

In the largest enquiry ever of its kind, researchers examined the health records of 3000 children of Finnish people evacuated to Sweden during the 1941-1945 conflict with Soviet Russia. The evacuees, many of whom were at a pre-school age, were placed with foster families in Sweden and were forced to learn Swedish, later returning to Finland. The study found that the female children of these girls had an increased risk of being hospitalized for conditions such as depression. However, this was not the case with children of boys evacuated during the war.

The study could not determine why. One possibility is that the stress of the evacuees’ experience affected their psychological development in ways that influenced their parenting style. Another possibility is that the evacuees’ experience resulted in epigenetic changes—changed in the way genes are expressed. For example, the researchers mentioned an earlier finding that Holocaust survivors have higher levels of methyl groups bound to the FKBP5 gene and have passed his change on to their children. This higher level of methyl groups appears to change the production of cortisol, a hormone(荷尔蒙) that controls the stress response.

“The Finnish evacuation was intended to protect children from the harm associated with the country’s wars with the Soviet Union”, said study co-author Dr Torsten Santavirta, from Uppsala University.

“Our observation of the long-term psychiatric(精神病的) risk that reached into the next generation is concerning and stresses the need to weigh benefits as well as potential risks when designing policies for child protection”.

1.What can we infer about the new study?

A.It involved the most test subjects. B.Its finding is relatively reliable.

C.Its finding is contrary to an earlier one. D.It was conducted right after the WWII.

2.Which method does the author use to develop Paragraph 3?

A.By introducing a conclusion. B.By conducting an experiment.

C.By making assumptions. D.By supporting opinions.

3.How does Dr. Santavirta find the Finnish evacuation?

A.It didn’t fully fulfill its original purpose.

B.It resulted in wars with the Soviet Union.

C.It was first suggested by the Soviet Union.

D.It was a good example of the child protection.

4.What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Children’s mental health is greatly influenced by wars.

B.Women’s mental illness can be passed to the future generation.

C.Mothers’ childhood mental condition may affect their daughters.

D.Girls are more likely to suffer from mental problems than boys.

    In October 2013, Davion Only made an appeal on the Internet. He had learned that his biological mother had died not long before. ”My name is Davion and I've been in foster care (寄养照管) since I was born," he said, “but I'm not giving up hope. "

     The heartbreaking appeal spread quickly, and Only's foster agency received calls from more than 10,000 people. Only ended up travelling to Ohio to live with a family. But after Only got into a physical fight with one of his elder would-be brothers, the family changed their minds.

     Back in Florida, Only passed through four different temporary homes over the following year, until he called Connie Going, his adoption case worker, to make a special request. Only had known Going for nearly ten years, and had asked every year if she would adopt him, but she always hesitated. “I always believed there was a better family than us out there," Going said in an interview. But last July, when Only called and asked again if she might adopt him, Going said something felt different. "When he asked me, my heart felt this ache and I just

knew he was my son," she said.

     So Going, 52, invited Only to start spending time with the rest of her family-her two daughters, Sydney, 21, and Carly 17, and a son Taylor, 14, who she also adopted out of foster care.  Eventually, after seeing how well the arrangement was working, Going, who had rented a bigger home, started adopting Only. Only moved in with her family last December.He officially joined Going's family on April 22, 2015 when the adoption papers went through.

    "Today, I feel blessed and honored to have been chosen to be the parent of all my children," Going said.

1.By making the appeal, Davion Only hoped that

A.service in his foster agency would improve

B.his biological mother would come to him

C.a foster agency would accept him

D.he would be adopted by a family

2.Davion Only didn't live with the family in Ohio because

A.he hated living with them

B.they finally refused to accept him

C.he has received another invitation

D.he often fought with his would-be brothers

3.What do we know from Paragraph 3?

A.Davion Only had fun living in different homes.

B.Connie Going had cared about Davion Only for over ten years.

C.Davion Only had a strong desire to be adopted by Connie Going.

D.Connie Going believed she would give Davion Only what he wanted.

4.After Davion Only joined Connie Going's family,

A.Connie Going bought a bigger house

B.the four kids often had physical fights

C.Connie Going didn't regret her decision

D.another three kids were later adopted as well

    Bedtime stories play an important role in your child's development. Not only do bedtime stories create an opportunity to increase the closeness between parents and their kids, but reading a little one at the same time night after night can help them form a healthy sleep routine. Child psychologists also point to the cognitive benefits for young people who are raised with bedtime stories, including the higher-than-average ability to read and write and an emotional connection to reading. Let’s look at some of the most popular bedtime storybooks that are available in print.

Goodnight Moon by Margaret Wise Brown

Considered one of the greatest bedtime stories of all time, this classic has a lovely narrative and lively illustrations(插图) by Clement Hurd. Goodnight Moon celebrated the 70th anniversary of its original publication in 2017, a three-dimensional version is also available on YouTube.

The Very Hungry Caterpillar by Eric Carle

First published in 1969, this beloved tale features striking illustrations and finger-sized cutouts(剪成的图样) that allow children to physically participate in the story. If your kids enjoy this one, check out the other titles from author and illustrator Eric Carle; his 50-year career includes a bibliography of more than 70 titles.

Guess How Much I Love You by Sam Mcbratney and Anita Jeram

This heartwarming tale explores the bond between Big Nutbrown Hare and his son, Little Nutbrown Hare. The book—which celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2015—was followed by four books.

The Cat in the Hat by Dr. Seuss

The Cat in the Hat spins a tale about a naughty cat that entertains a pair of children for the afternoon. Roughly 10 million copies have been printed since its original publication in 1957, and the book has been translated into more than a dozen different languages.

1.What benefit do bedtime stories have?

A.Help children get a higher education. B.Help kids form a good reading habit.

C.Help children sleep and get up early. D.Help parents bond with their kids.

2.Who is good at drawing according to the text?

A.Margaret Wise Brown B.Sam McBratney

C.Eric Carle D.Dr. Seuss

3.Which book was published the earliest?

A.The Cat in the Hat B.Goodnight Moon

C.Guess How Much I Love You D.The Very Hungry Caterpillar

假如下周将有一些来自友好校的英国师生到你校进行一周的友好访问，请你代表全体师生用英语写一篇欢迎词，内容包括：

1. 欢迎英国客人的到来；

2. 介绍在你校期间活动安排（参观学校；共同进行环保项目研究；足球比赛；参观中 国家庭、吃中国美食）；

3. 希望达到目的：交流文化，相互学习。

注意：1. 词数 120 左右，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Honorable British guests, dear teachers and fellow students,

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thanks for listening!

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2.只允许修改 10 处,多者(从第 1 处起)不计分。

Alex is a 14-year-old boy who loves musics. He knows beats(音乐节拍) quite good, and he often taps his fingers when he walks or while sitting down. Now, the teenager is using his talent to become a DJ---a person who mixes different music during lively shows. He often gives shows around their hometown. At shows, Alex has to deal with difficult people. Once, a couple invited him to be DJ at their party. The husband wanted country music, but his wife asked for pop music. To make them all happy, Alex plays music in both styles. After playing at different parties and shows, Alex has become more confident and best at meeting people’s needs. Moreover, he has made of enough money to buy a set of DJ equipment for himself so he can practice at home wherever he wants.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Do you have a pet? 1. you do, congratulations, you are likely to have a better mental state than those who don’t, reported Time magazine.

According to the report, people with pets usually have lower blood pressure, a lower heart rate and a lower risk 2. (have) a heart attack. These benefits may come from extra exercise of walking and playing with pets, and stress relief for having a good “friend”.

One study shows that 3. (pet) living creatures can help people with 4. (anxious), while animal toys have no effect at all.

In a 2016 study 5. (publish )in the journal Gerontology, elderly people 6.  were given five crickets(蟋蟀) in a cage became happier than before.

Other researches studied the effect of pets 7. children who have difficulty reading. When the children 8. (ask) to read aloud to a dog and its trainer, they were 9. (upset).

“Their attitudes changed and 10. skills improved,” said Lisa Freeman, director of the Tufts Institute for Human-animal Interaction in the United States.

    Once there lived a noble guru(领袖) known for his wisdom and compassion(同情). But one of his disciples(信徒) _______  that his guru had not taught him anything valuable despite spending 20 years at his _______. Hearing his complaint, the guru gave him the responsibility of bringing lunch to Gurukul(school) every day from his neighborhood.

While getting _______  from the neighborhood one day, the disciple befriended a(n) _______  parrot,to whom he complained about his guru. The parrot _______ : “I have heard great things about the noble guru. Are you sure you were _______  in the process of learning?” The frustrated disciple shouted,“You shouldn’t _______ my intelligence.” Disappointed with his arrogance(傲慢), the parrot _______ the conversation.

A few days later, the _______  parrot told him, “My master has decided to ________  me in two days, and said,” Please ask the guru for a ________  to save my life! The disciple answered ________ : “He has not taught me anything. How would he be ________  to you?” But because the parrot had ________ , he decided to ask his guru.

The next day, the parrot asked him for the solution. The disciple said: “I told the guru about your ________ . When I asked for a solution, the guru simply lay still on the floor for a while, and then went away. I am sorry that he cannot help.” The day after, the disciple saw a(n) ________  cage. He met his friend’s master to ________  the sad death. The angry master ________ : “When I went to open the cage, the parrot was lying still. I opened the cage to look at it. Suddenly, it flew away and ________ .”

Hearing this, the disciple realized the parrot had ________  his guru without even meeting him once. Now he knew where the lack of willingness actually was.

1.A.admitted B.complained C.announced D.proved

2.A.service B.promise C.noise D.place

3.A.advice B.support C.food D.message

4.A.injured B.sick C.stuck D.caged

5.A.agreed B.added C.explained D.replied

6.A.mindful B.rude C.good D.honest

7.A.praise B.question C.blame D.fool

8.A.refused B.banned C.ended D.changed

9.A.regretted B.excited C.angry D.worried

10.A.release B.protect C.sacrifice D.attack

11.A.information B.solution C.instruction D.decision

12.A.shyly B.calmly C.sadly D.nervously

13.A.frank B.acceptable C.skillful D.helpful

14.A.begged B.consulted C.reminded D.promised

15.A.problem B.challenge C.responsibility D.potential

16.A.big B.empty C.unusual D.beautiful

17.A.announce B.claim C.confirm D.prevent

18.A.yelled B.joked C.warned D.laughed

19.A.died B.wandered C.hid D.escaped

20.A.knew about B.learned from C.depended on D.looked for

    Many teenagers want to look cool. 1.Chloe Murray, an eighth-grader at Jefferson Middle School in the US, realized this problem and established a charitable clothes closet(衣橱) to help her peers.

2.The school let her use a room for the project. Chloe s classmates joined her as well.

Last month, the charitable clothes closet, called Chloe s Closet, opened. 3. "Confidence is a real issue in middle school, especially when it comes to clothing," Chloe told the Chicago Tribune, a daily newspaper in Chicago, US.

4. Many people from the school s community and neighboring schools donated used and new clothes. The clothes closet is only open after school. Students can "buy" these clothes by earning "money" when they turn in their schoolwork on time. make corrections on homework, participate in a school activity or express helpfulness to their peers and teachers. Since the first week in March, about 100 items have been "sold" to students.

"5. Then, they will be better able to focus on the learning material rather than paying too much attention to what they are wearing, Shannon Arko, a language arts teacher at the school, said about the mission (使命)of the closet. "Feeling good about yourself translates into a better learning experience overall."

A.Where are the clothes from?

B.Her school supported the idea too.

C.Fashion has already become an important part of students' lives.

D.You need to supply children with basic needs, such as clothing.

E.Despite all these difficulties, she was able to start a charitable clothes closet.

F.But not everyone can afford to keep up with the changing fashion trends.

G.It' s filled with trendy clothes for girls and boys to help students look their best.

    An animated(动画) film Coco has made a dark horse in the Chinese film box office competition at the end of these recent two years. Since its first run on Nov 24, 2017 in China, the animation has taken in over 602 million yuan. Against the background of the Mexican holiday Dia de los Muertos, a day in memory of the dead, it centers on a 12-year-old boy named Miguel accidentally transported to the land of the dead, where he seeks his great-great-grandfather’s help to be a great musician and also return him to his family.

Coco has scored 9. l of 10 points at Chinese movie review website Douban for its warm story, popular soundtrack and, most of all, meaningful theme. However, the film wasn't favored by Chinese moviegoers at first because of the poor translation of the film title.

It was called “Xun Meng Huan You Ji”, meaning the journey to chase dreams in Chinese.” It's such an improper name. The film is more than a little boy's musical dreams—it also explores the meaning of life and death." said a Sina Weibo user Gu Xudong. “The awful translation almost made me miss such a great film. When I first noticed its name, I thought it another Forrest Gump.” said the Sina Weibo user Xiao Pihai.

Some locations featured in the animation have gained much attention on Chinese social media platforms like WeChat and Sina Weibo. And many people expressed their hopes to visit these scenic spots in the future. Meanwhile, the film's universal values that you should cherish your family and loved ones won much appreciation from the audiences. The boy's grandma Coco reminded me of my grandmother. I couldn't help but sob at the cinema." said the netizen Xu Lingling.

The meaning of life and death is an everlasting issue for humans. And it seems unlikely to be explored in animation, but more animated films are going in that direction. Coco tells us, “Death is not a scary thing at all, but being forgotten by others should be.” “The physical death is not the final destination. The moment when no living people remember who you are, then you have gone forever,” is one of the most impressive lyrics in the film.

1.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph1 refer to?

A.the background. B.the animation.

C.the Mexican holiday. D.the memory of the dead.

2.Coco has achieved great success at the popular Chinese movie review website mainly because of _______.

A.interesting story. B.meaningful theme.

C.positive energy. D.popular soundtrack.

3.What can we learn from the passage?

A.Xu Lingling had a low opinion of the translation of the film title.

B.People would rather die than be forgotten by others.

C.The film’s values won much appreciation from the audiences.

D.Many people visited these scenic locations featured in the animation.

4.What is the main idea of the passage?

A.People increasingly love cross cultural stories.

B.An animated film exploring life and death wins big.

C.Profound truths are revealed in an animated film.

D.Poor translation arouses debate.

    Years ago when I was at the Grand Canyon, I remember someone coming up to the canyon's edge, taking a shot with their camera and then walking away, like ‘got it- done’, barely even glancing at the magnificent scene sprawling in front of them,” Linda Henkel, a scientist at Fairfield University, US told Live Science.

Henkel was surprised by how obsessed people are with taking pictures these days—before dinner, during friends' birthday parties, on museum tours and so on. You know people just like that, don’t you?

They keep taking pictures because they think that it helps record the moment, but as Henkel's latest study has just found out, this obsession may prevent their brains from remembering what actually happened, reported the Guardian.

In her study, Henkel led a group of college students around a museum and asked them to simply observe 15 objects and to photograph 15 others. The next day the students' memory of the tour was tested, and the results showed that they were less accurate in recognizing the objects and they remembered fewer details about them if they photographed them.

“When people rely on technology to remember for them—counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves, it can have a negative impact on how well they remember their experiences,” Henkel explained.

But there is also an exception: if students zoomed in to photograph part of an object, their memory actually improved, and those who focused the lens on a specific area could even recall parts that weren’t in the frame.

So basically, this study is saying that constantly taking pictures can harm your memory. But shouldn't reviewing pictures we have taken help wake up our memories? This is true, but only if we spend enough time doing it.

“In order to remember, we have to access and interact with the photos, rather than just collecting them,” Henkel told The Telegraph. However, previous research has shown that most people never take the time to look over their digital pictures simply because there are too many of them and they aren't usually very organized on their computers.

1.The author mentioned Henkel's trip to the Grand Canyon at the beginning to _______.

A.describe the great view of the Grand Canyon.

B.complain about some tourists bad habits.

C.point out people’s obsession with taking pictures.

D.give suggestions on how to enjoy one’s tour.

2.Which of the following statements about Henkel's study is TRUE according to the article?

A.Taking pictures in a museum tour helps students recognize objects better.

B.Reviewing pictures always helps people bring back memories.

C.Pictures that focus on the details of objects are likely to improve people’s memories.

D.People should spend more time taking pictures than studying real objects.

3.What point of view may Henkel agree to?

A.People who tend to use cameras to catch the moment will remember the experience.

B.People should collect many pictures to remember the experience.

C.Taking pictures have negative impact on remembering the experience.

D.Reviewing pictures constantly can help remembering the experience.

4.What is the article mainly about?

A.Some skills to learn for taking pictures.

B.People's obsession with taking pictures and its influence.

C.How pictures remind us of our past.

D.How to deal with pictures after taking trips.

    Contrary to popular belief, when a person makes a mistake while learning, it improves their memory for the right information, but only if the error is close to the correct answer, according to their recent findings made by Baycrest researchers.

To figure out the influence of making mistakes on learning, researchers carried out the study. They asked 32 young adults with no Spanish background to guess the English definitions of certain Spanish words. The Spanish words selected either resemble an English word with similar meaning or look like an English word, but mean something different. Participants were first shown a Spanish word and asked to guess its meaning. Then, they were briefly shown the correct translation before being  shown  another  Spanish  word. After  repeating this  process with  16

Spanish words, participants had a short break before their memory for the translations was tested.

Researchers found that people were better able to think of the correct translations of Spanish words that were similar to the English words. They had greater difficulty retrieving the meaning of words that look misleading.

“Our research found evidence that mistakes that are a ‘near miss’ can help a person learn the information better than if no errors are made at all,” says Dr. Nicole Anderson. “These types of errors can serve as stepping stones to remembering the right answer. But if the error made is a wild guess and out in left field, then a person doesn't learn the correct information easily.”

"Based on these findings, someone studying for an exam should only take practice quizzes after reviewing the materials,” says Dr. Anderson. “If a person takes a practice test and is unfamiliar with the content, they risk making guesses that are nowhere near the right answer. This could make it harder for them to learn the correct information later.”

“Even if a person makes a mistake while testing themselves, as long as their error is close to the right answer, they’re more likely to remember the right information,” adds Dr. Anderson.

1.What do we know about the subjects in the recent study?

A.They have a good memory for new words

B.They know nothing about any foreign language

C.They get answers by making wild guesses in the test

D.They need to translate Spanish words into English ones

2.What does the underlined word “retrieving” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A.Guessing. B.Remembering.

C.Distinguishing. D.Understanding.

3.Which of the following reflects Dr. Anderson’s opinion?

A.Errors of certain kind are likely to help with learning

B.It is rewarding to make wild guesses during learning

C.Taking practice tests before exams is an unwise practice

D.It is hard to make “near miss” types of errors during learning

4.What can be the best title for the passage?

A.The art of making mistakes.

B.The way of improving memory.

C.Good guesses while learning matter a lot.

D.Making mistakes may bring unexpected benefits.