Among the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), the World Health Organization (WHO) has offered basic protective measures to the public against the virus.

1. Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand rub if your hands are not visibly dirty.1.

2.2.If you sneeze or cough into your hands, you may contaminate (污染;传染) objects or people that you touch. Throw tissue immediately into a closed bin and clean hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water.

3. Keep at least one- meter distance between yourself and other people, particularly those who are coughing, sneezing and have a fever, because coughs or sneezes of people who are infected with a respiratory (呼吸系统) disease project (喷射) small drops containing the virus.3.

4. Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth because hands touch many surfaces, which can be contaminated with: the virus. If you touch your eyes, nose or mouth with your contaminated hands, you can transfer the virus from the surface to yourself.

5. Tell your health care provider if you have traveled in an area where the epidemic (流行病). has been reported, or if you have been in close contact with someone who has respiratory symptoms.

6. Practice general hygiene(卫生) measures when visiting live animal markets, wet markets or animal product markets.4.. Avoid contact with potentially contaminated animal waste or fluids on the soil Or structures of shops and market facilities.

7.5.. Handle raw meat, milk, or animal organs carefully to avoid cross-contamination with uncooked food.

A.Avoid eating animal products

B.If you are too close, you can breathe in the virus

C.This helps knowing the virus if it's on your hands

D.Avoid eating raw or undercooked animal products

E.This helps removing the virus if it's on your hands

F.Strictly avoid any contact with other animals in the market

G.Cover your mouth and nose with tissue when coughing and sneezing

A widow with a fish to fry

A YOUNG WOMAN WALKS INTO THE BATHROOM of her Beijing apartment. She plans to ask her husband about their coming vacation, but notices he's facedown in their bathtub. Jokingly, she asks him if he's trying to wash his hair. No answer. He's dead.

These first pages of An Yu's novel, Braised Pork, sound like a domestic thriller. The dead husband . A fancy apartment. And a wife who shows that even if she's shocked by the unexpected death, she wasn't happy with her marriage to begin with. Yu writes, “He had betrayed（背叛）and deserted her."

But then, as she waits for the ambulance, Jia Jia discovers a picture of a strange fish-man left near her bathtub. She remembers her husband describing the creature on a trip to Tibet—it had shown up in a dream. Jia Jia doesn't know it yet, but the drawing will take her miles from home, changing what she knows to be true about herself. It's this experience that changes Braised Pork into an original narrative（叙事）one that doesn't fit into any genre（体裁）.

As JiaJia picks up the pieces of her life, she wonders how much of herself she suppressed （压 抑）to please her husband. She was once an artist, but her husband discouraged her from running after her dream. Now she can explore those desires alone, though .

ANOTHER AUTHOR might have chosen to follow a young widow on a journey of finding love after loss. But 28-year-old Yu smartly decides not to. Instead, she uses Jia Jia as a way to explore the anxiety of contemporary womanhood. Jia Jia does want to find love again, which is only a small part of the story. Yu leaves room for her to begin a more material search: uncovering the meaning behind the picture beside her husband's dead body.

There are some images that make us so uncomfortable. It's impossible to look away from them. For JiaJia, it's the fish-man at first, and then more memories of the past, which interrupt her present. In Braised Pork, Yu raises questions about why we keep an eye on those moments-and how they might relate to the company we wish for.

1.What's the genre of the novel Braised Pork?

A.Mystery. B.Narrative.

C.Domestic thriller. D.None of the above.

2.What kind of person would you say Jia Jia is before her husband's death?

A.lonely and suppressed. B.innocent but unlucky.

C.humorous and independent. D.talented and passionate.

3.From the last two paragraphs, we know ________.

A.Jia Jia and Yu both wish for company

B.Jia Jia would rather live in the past than in the future

C.Yu uses Jia Jia to explore the anxiety of contemporary womanhood

D.The novel is mainly about a young widow finding her true love after loss

4.Which of the following is NOT right according to the text?

A.Yu uses uncomfortable images to catch reader's attention.

B.The picture of a strange fish-man will take Jia Jia away from home .

C.Jia Jia can take up art again after her husband's unexpected death.

D.Jia Jia isn't satisfied with her marriage due to her husband's betrayal.

How Plants Branch Out to Access Water

New research has discovered how plant roots sense the availability of water in soil and then adapt (适应)their shape to acquire water. The discovery could enable crops to be raised which are more adaptive to changes in climate conditions, such as the absence of water, and help ensure food safety in the future.

These findings, published in the journal Science, describe a new mechanism(机制) discovered by cooperating teams at the universities of Nottingham and Durham.

Roots are very important for plants to acquire water and nutrients(营养)from the soil. Water is necessary to plant growth , yet changing climatic conditions makes acquiring water from soil even more challenging. Plants are able to adapt to different soil moisture(湿润)conditions by changing their roots.

The researchers discovered that plant roots lacking a branching master gene were no longer able to branch out. They found that when roots have access to moisture, the certain gene remains active and promotes root branching, but when put in air, the gene is in activated, preventing root branching. The research has identified the certain protein which can inactivate root branching.

Professor Sadanandom explained: "This is hugely exciting as it opens up the possibility for us to help develop plants that could continue to branch roots even in challenging conditions such as the absence of water.''

Professor Bennett concluded: "Water is the key to plant growth, development and their survival. By studying how plant roots change their branching in response(回应)to water availability, we have uncovered a new mechanism. This opens the way to develop new crops better adapted to climate change and to help deliver global food safety."

It is absolutely imperative to ensure food safety worldwide. Crop production must double by 2050 to keep pace with global population growth. This target is even more challenging considering the effect of climate change on water availability. In this case, developing crops with better ability to acquire water would provide a solution.

1.The findings of the research may have a positive effect on several global issues EXCEPT

A.ensuring food safety B.preserving the agriculture

C.solving the absence of water D.increasing crop production

2.With the help of the findings, plants may be able to ________.

A.take in more nutrients B.change inactivated roots

C.grow in challenging conditions D.branch out without a special gene.

3.Which of the following best explains “imperative" in the last paragraph?

A.effective. B.hopeful.

C.impractical. D.urgent.

4.What is the new mechanism mentioned by Professor Bennett?

A.How a branching master gene responds to a particular nutrient.

B.How plant roots change their shape according to the soil moisture.

C.Why plants have different abilities to adapt to soil moisture conditions.

D.How the certain protein in activates root branching when accessible to water.

    The origin of coffee? I never really thought about it. When I was a kid, coffee was always around. My parents drank coffee, my grandparents drank coffee, and all the adults I knew drank coffee. I thought I would drink it too when I was older, and of course. I did.

But there must have been a time before coffee. I don't remember coffee making an appearance in any of the Bible(圣经)stories I learned. Jesus changed water into wine, not coffee. Maybe if coffee had been around, he would have changed some of the water into coffee. Maybe that's what “B. C." in those timelines meant: "before coffee."

According to popular legend, the origin of coffee can be traced to a thousand years ago, when an Abyssinian(Ethiopian)goatherd(牧羊人)named Kaidi observed his goats dancing and jumping. When Kaidi investigated, he saw that the goats were happily eating the red berries（浆果)of an unfamiliar tree. Kaidi decided to try some, and when he did he joined the dancing goats and became “the happiest herder in happy Arabia''.

Some time later, a passing monk(和尚)observed Kaidi and the goats. When Kaidi told him about the berries, the monk thought they might be the answer to his prayers(祈祷). It seems that the monk was always falling asleep in the middle of prayers. When he ate the berries, he stayed awake. The unnamed monk came up with the idea of drying and boiling the berries. It came into the world. His fellow monks loved the new drink because it encouraged them to pray and it tasted good too.

So now that I know about Kaidi and his goats, if someday-in the far, far future, of course someone calls me an "old goat", I'll just smile, take another sip of coffee, and maybe do a little dance.

1.Why didn't Jesus change water into coffee?

A.Because Jesus didn't like coffee.

B.Because coffee didn't appear at that time.

C.Because it was not the right time to have coffee.

D.Because Jesus was better at changing water into wine.

2.What is the tone of the author when writing the text?

A.Serious. B.Objective.

C.Scientific. D.Humorous.

3.The underlined word “it" in paragraph 4 refers to ________.

A.a kind of new drink

B.a kind of food made by monks

C.a kind of soup needed to be boiled

D.a kind of drug encouraging people to keep awake

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.The Origin of Coffee.

B.The Development of Coffee.

C.The Popularity of Coffee in the World.

D.The Coffee-drinking Tradition in My Family.

Marvel at These Freaks of Nature

The world is filled with unique, breathtaking sites-from boiling craters to caves full of lightning bugs. While a global disease or natural disasters shock our soul, we might not appreciate nature. In fact, enjoying the wonder of nature can provide some breaks from too much time indoors. These sites are great for you when looking for hope in some of Mother Nature's greatest offerings.

01 Fly Geyser （Washoe County, Nevada）

This geyser in northern Nevada, found surrounded by fields of grass was created by accident when a geothermal power company drilled a test well（井)）where the geyser now sits in 1964. The combination of calcium carbonate deposits （碳酸钙沉淀物）and extremely hot water resulted in three nearly 6-foot-high, brightly colored red an« green hills that shoot hot water into the air.

02 The Marble Caves （Aysen,  Chile）

These caves --accessible only by boat - sit in the heart of Patagonia and wen formed over 6.000 years as water continued to splash against the solid rock formations to create these unique blue marble formations.

03 Lake Sorvagsvatn （Vagar, The Faroe Islands）

This freshwater lake is famous for its appearance of " floating above the ocean. Though it's actually not even 100 feet above sea level, from various camera angles, the lake looks like it is hundreds of feet above the ocean because of its juxtaposition（并列） with a dramatic waterfall and the cliff to its side.

04 Krka National Park （Sibenik-knin, Croatia）

This national park in southern Croatia is famous for having not one, but seven, gorgeous waterfalls streaming with greenish-blue waters, including the attractive Skradinskibuk waterfall. The clear water in its basin is often filled with visitors taking a dip.

1.According to the text, the following are all false except that ________.

A.these sites all have something to do with waterfalls

B.you may see lightning bugs in the Marble Caves by boat

C.Lake Sorvagsvatn are floating hundreds of feet above the ocean

D.the Flyer Geyser has 6 colorful hills shooting hot water into air

2.If visitors want to have a swim, they should go to ________.

A.the Flyer Geyser B.Lake Sorvagsvatn

C.Krka National Park D.the Marble Caves

3.What is the main purpose of the text?

A.To give basic facts about these freaks of nature.

B.To explain the reasons why these sites are great.

C.To call on people to appreciate these freaks of nature

D.To offer advice on how to visit these wonders of nature.

假定你是李华，为迎接5月31日“世界无烟日”（World No Tobacco Day），你校学生会将办英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下要求写一则英文通知，内容包括：

1. 比赛的时间和地点；

2. 演讲内容（吸烟的害处，摆脱烟瘾的建议……）

3. 演讲时长报名方式及截止日期。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Notice

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，你修改你同桌写的以下作文文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺同处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的同用斜线（/）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I had a wonderful summer holiday. Before the holiday, I have spent a lot of effort and time prepare for the College Entrance Examination. However, a good rest needed after the hard study of three years. I did many kinds of relaxed activities, such as going to the park, riding a likes, playing sports, etc. Besides, I took a boat trip along the Three Gorges Dam, that had been dreaming about for in a long time. And I read variety books about college life in our local library to get much knowledge. I also took part in some social activities active and found a part-time job so that I could learn more about society. What meaningful the holiday was!

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

On Dec, 22, the couple---Charlotte Curtis is 105; John Henderson is 106---will celebrate their 80th wedding anniversary. The Guinness World Records have recognized the longevity of their love by naming the Hendersons the 1.(old) living married couple.

It all started in a zoology class in 1934. Students were 2.(seat) in the lecture tiered hall, and John Henderson, 21, sat 3.(direct) behind Charlotte Curtis. When he looked down, he liked the shy 20-year-old girl he saw in front of him. "I thought he was just a fine fellow, and I didn't mind his  4.(look) over my shoulder," Charlotte told The Washington Post in an interview. John and Charlotte 5.(marry) in a tiny ceremony---only two guests were present on Dec, 22, 1939. Charlotte took a teaching job; John first coached football and basketball and had a long career later at Humble Oil and Refining Co.

What's the couple's secret 6. their longevity? Living in moderation, they said. They eat right, don' t drink much, and John still 7.(exercise) at the community gym almost every day. Except for some hearing 8.(lose), both are in excellent health.

So, after 80 years, do they still argue, 9. have they figured it all out? No, they don't argue. But if you're looking forward to your marriage becoming more peaceful in your late golden years, take note: They never argued that much in the first place, and have always made a point 10.(settle) things before bedtime.

    There I stood with tears in my eyes, I looked at a face which was so _________ that I might mistake it for own. I stared at her in _________. It felt like a dream. I hugged her; she was real.

Adopted at a very young age, I _________ surrounded by people loved as family._________, the faces weren't like mine. They were people that loved me. As I got older, the curiosity to learn more about myself took hold and didn't _________. Who was I? Where did I come from?

At the age of 21, I was given the chance to _________ it out thanks to my adoptive parents' _________. They accompanied me to the adoption agency. Then the staff _________ the process of finding my birth mother. But the process was _________ and I didn't expect there would be many complex procedures. And the agency also had caution to move the procedures to ensure both parties' privacy especially ____________ my birth mother didn't choose to meet me.

Months later the agency told me that my birth mother was found and that she ____________ to meet me. We were excited. My parents said my birth mother made great sacrifice as she gave me away, which __________ them to support the family. Otherwise, it wouldn't have been possible on their own. I was ____________ what my birth mother might be doing and what she might look like. I created a(n) ____________ in my head.

Alter a long process, the moment finally came---we were to ____________. So, there we were, in a room. I found we had much ____________: we shared a sense of humor; we ____________ old pictures, finding both like the "V" gesture. She apologized for any problems with my frizzy（卷曲的）, crazy hair and __________ herself. We laughed, when admitting both were in a close relationship with flatirons（熨斗）because of frequently __________ the wildness of our hair.

She said she had made a(n)____________ decision, when watching me leave with only the hope that another family could provide what she couldn't. She said she hesitated for long but knew she was right, I knew she loved me very much.

1.A.familiar B.ugly C.old D.unclear

2.A.sorrow B.anger C.disbelief D.panic

3.A.stood up B.came up C.warmed up D.grew up

4.A.However B.Meanwhile C.Therefore D.Instead

5.A.help B.stop C.increase D.arrive

6.A.figure B.pick C.turn D.sort

7.A.request B.appreciation C.support D.forgiveness

8.A.delayed B.updated C.refused D.explained

9.A.important B.discouraging C.different D.abstract

10.A.now that B.in case C.even though D.only if

11.A.continued B.managed C.agreed D.happened

12.A.convinced B.warned C.demanded D.allowed

13.A.wondering B.consulting C.guaranteeing D.anticipating

14.A.schedule B.dream C.picture D.error

15.A.register B.reunite C.review D.rest

16.A.confidence B.sympathy C.similarity D.expectation

17.A.shared B.lost C.bought D.changed

18.A.taught B.blamed C.dressed D.treated

19.A.enjoying B.creating C.adding D.handling

20.A.necessary B.quick C.impossible D.difficult

    Some students find themselves constantly in trouble with attention at school.1.If you have trouble paying attention, sitting still, and are getting constantly called out by your teacher, you can still learn to follow the rules and channel your energy into becoming a better student.

2.If you have trouble paying attention and staying on task, changing your attitude can help a lot. Try to use your imagination to make the task cooler and more fun. It might sound stupid, but pretending your schoolwork is fun can actually make it fun.

Take notes. One great way to keep yourself focused on the class topics and the lesson is to take notes. Even if you'll be provided with a review, or you don't eventually need the information for the test, if you struggle to pay attention, focus on writing down the important things the teacher says.3.

Be prepared for class. You can't stay focused if you don't have all the necessary supplies ready, and you're in your seat on time. There's nothing worse for your classroom reputation than forgetting your math textbook, or having to ask for a pencil or a piece of paper that you forget to bring.

Get involved in the class discussions.4.Just raise your hand if you know the answer, and talk during discussions in class if they're going on.

5.Just like changing your attitude about enjoying your classes, making an active choice can be an important first step in actually getting better grades.

A.Motivate yourself to improve your grades.

B.Use your imagination and decide to like the topics.

C.Taking notes can also help you improve your writing skills.

D.If you're not active in class, make a change and try to answer questions.

E.There are so many factors to make you unfocused, and you aren't alone!

F.This will help you stay focused and you'll have something to refer to later.

G.Seeing the results of your hard work, you might become more confident at work.

    An estimated 60 percent of cats and 50 percent of dogs in the U. S. are overweight or obese, so chances are that your pet needs to lose weight rather than pack on some pounds. It's not always easy to tell if your pet could afford to lose few, but there are some other signs that can tip you off. One important factor the waist, "Most people don't know what a normal cat should look like," says Romine. "But cats should have waists, too." The vet says you should be able to feel your pet's ribs（肋骨） through its coat, and when you look down at them, they should have an hourglass（沙漏）shape---just like person.

"For some overweight pets, you may want to switch to new food entirely; foods with 'light' or 'healthy weight' labels usually have an increased fiber content to help the dog or cat feel fuller," Romine notes. "Another option is to feed them less of the food they currently cat," Freeman suggests. "Make sure you're reducing table scraps（残羹剩饭）and high-calorie treats like pet biscuits," she says.

It's important to figure out what your pet's ideal weight is as you're helping them to lose. Romine advises working with your vet to get the right number, and if you're following the portion guidelines often printed on food labels, feed them the amount of food associated with the weight you want them to be, rather than the weight they currently are.

Food isn't the only factor that can impact your pet's weight. Romine stresses the importance of exercise in keeping your pet healthy. For cats, just 10 minutes of indoor play each day can make a difference. For dogs, letting them out in the backyard to do their business is not enough. You'll have to exercise with your dog to really get them moving.

1.What is the problem with the pet from the text?

A.It needs to lose weight. B.It needs have waists

C.It needs to pack on pounds. D.It needs to be more energetic.

2.Which food can help overweight pets?

A.The food with an decreased fiber. B.The food from table scraps.

C.The food with "light" labels. D.The food with new label.

3.What is an important factor to keep pets healthy?

A.A partner. B.Exercise.

C.Pet biscuits. D.Protein.

4.From which is the text probably taken?

A.A biology textbook. B.A travel brochure.

C.A recipe book. D.pet magazine.

    When you are sitting in the car, do you ever notice the drivers looking over their shoulders or side to side in the car? Well, they are doing this to check their blind spots! Blind spots take driving extremely difficult and increase the potential for car accidents.

Fourteen-year-old Alaina Gassler from Pennsylvania noticed her mother struggling with blind spots while driving their family car. So she came up with an ingenious solution that won the first place and $25,000 in the Broadcom Masters Competition.

Blind spots are the areas around the car that cannot be directly observed by the driver. There are two kinds of blind spots---on the back of the car that cannot be seen with mirrors, and blind spots at the front of the car as well.

When a driver is changing lanes, he has to look over his shoulder through the side windows to make sure that there is no vehicle in the blind spot. This invisible area is big enough to hide a car!

The other blind spot is created in the front by the A-pillar（柱子）---the material on either side on the windshield（挡风玻璃）that holds the glass and forms the frame of the car. In some cars, this pillar can be quite thick. Usually, people or cyclists can be hidden by this pillar.

Alaina's design was to get rid of the blind spot created by the front A-pillar of the car, the one that helps hold up the windshield.

She put a camera on the outside passenger side of the car which then sent the photos to a projector above the drivers' head. Then, she covered the inside of the pillar in reflective fabric onto which the image was projected. Basically, her device made the pillar "see through" and removed the blind spot on that side of the car.

Alnina's solution is very creative and could be improved by using LCD displays that will make it easier to see during day time as well.

1.What can be learned about blind spots during driving?

A.They call for careful driving. B.They make driving thrilling.

C.They are many in kinds. D.They can't be get rid of.

2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "ingenious" in paragraph 2?

A.interesting B.creative

C.inspiring D.invisible

3.How did Alaina solve the problem?

A.By improving the A-pillar. B.By using a mirror on the outside of the A-pillar.

C.By relying on LCD displays. D.By using a camera to capture images.

4.What's the best title for the text?

A.An Introduction to Blind Spots B.A Warning About the Road Safety

C.A Teen's Creative Solution to Blind Spots D.Scientific Research on Blind Spots

    As part of his role in the Air Force Volunteer Reserve, John Lewis often visited military schools. But it was at a London school in 2014 that an accident happened. He had 11 operations in total and it was two years before he could walk again.

Although John improved physically, he couldn’t recover from what had happened. John was diagnosed with post -traumatic (创伤后) stress disorder (PTSD), but none of the treatment seemed to help. Then last year, at a hospital, a doctor told him a puppy  (小狗) could manage stress and might help with his anxiety.

In May 2019, they adopted a black puppy called Gibson. He says, “I'd never thought of it as a comfort. After just a few weeks, I could feel myself improving. If I was feeling anxious, he would jump up on the sofa and sit on my chest and I found that really relaxing and comforting. Wherever I go, he will follow me and it’s really helpful to my anxiety. We go out and play Frisbee (飞盘) and I now look forward to going out for walks while I would always make excuses to stay in the house before.”

His wife Anna has also noticed a difference. She says, “Gibson is an incredible dog that adores John. He is a fantastic companion. It has given him a focus and a lease on life.”

John is now. taking part in Generation Pup, a groundbreaking study that tracks puppies through adulthood to learn how their early experiences and environment affect their development. John says, “I really enjoy tracking this through the study, watching his personality begin to grow and support me on my road back to mental health, which he is playing a big part in.” “Gibson has done so much for me in a short space of time. I want to do something for him.”

1.What can we learn about John Lewis after the accident?

A.He couldn't bear the pain of the operations.

B.He soon stood up and returned to his post.

C.He suffered a lot from mental problems.

D.He still focused on the life in military schools.

2.What do John’s words in paragraph 3 show?

A.How to raise a puppy. B.How naughty Gibson was.

C.How to get on with a puppy. D.How Gibson comforted him.

3.What does the underlined part “a lease on life” in paragraph 4 mean?

A.More wisdom. B.Better life.

C.Great wealth. D.Lifelong ambition.

4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A.John is grateful to Gibson. B.John makes full use of Gibson.

C.John has recovered from PTSD. D.John has researched a lot on puppies.

    Do you know a famous Chinese saying, "He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man?" We can help you realize your dream now.

◆12-Day Tour in China

Tour Type: Private Tour

Guide: English-speaking guide

Must-see sights in China: the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Warriors. Giant pandas

Try biking on the Ming Dynasty City Wall of Xi'an, or tour by electric car. Have a once-in-a-life chance to get close to the incredibly cute treasure---Pandas.

Price: $1,669 per person

◆8-Day Tour in China

Tour Type: Private Tour

Guide: English- speaking guide

Must-see sights in China: the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Warriors

Take rickshaw（人力车）through the Hutongs and get close touch with the original Beijing lifestyle. Experience the Bund, classical garden, modern and old in contrast in Shanghai.

Price: $1,159 per person

◆10-Day Tour in China

Tour Type: Private Tour

Guide: English-speaking guide

Must-see sights in China: the Great Wall Forbidden City, Terracotta Warriors

Walk into a local family, learn to cook Chinese food and dine with the hosts in their home.

Price: $1, 629 per person

◆15-Day Tour in China

Tour Type: Private Tour

Guide: English-speaking guide

Must-see sights in China: the Great Wall, Forbidden City. Terracotta Warriors

Enjoy the breathtaking landscape along Li River and escape from the busy and noisy city life. Unwind with a Yangtze River sail tour and see the Three Gorges.

Price: $2.699 per person

1.Which tour provides visitors with a chance to see pandas?

A.8-Day Tour in China. B.10-Day Tour in China.

C.12-Day Tour in China. D.15-Day Tour in China.

2.Who may prefer to take 8-Day Tour in China?

A.Nature lovers. B.Folk custom and culture lovers.

C.Swimming lovers. D.Animal lovers.

3.Why is 15-Day Tour in China unique compared with the other tours?

A.It costs visitors the least to visit. B.It lets visitors communicate with local people.

C.Visitors can visit ancient buildings. D.Visitors can see water scenery.

第五部分 书面表达（满分20分）

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Like many students, Ryan believes that the time and money spent on his education will pay off: he will eventually be able to get a good job and do well in the field he has chosen. Yet, in spite of all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job.

Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case.Lewis believes that most of our school experiences--from childhood through university-- are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more uncertain.In school,for example,the.pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant change is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly.

Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are unprepared to think analytically. In school, many students, including those in college, spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they“learned”on tests.But in the workplace employees“are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor's instructions.” Less time needs to be spent in school on testing, says one recent report, and more on helping students to analyze and interpret information,solve problems,and communicate their ideas effectively--skills that will prepare them to succeed in today’s workplace.

Finally many recent graduates say that one of the biggest difficulties they face is adapting to teamwork on the job. In the workplace, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In other words, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project, that employee's success not only depends on his hard work and expertise(专业知识), but also on how well his colleagues perform.Knowing how to participate in teamwork--and deal with problems when they arise--is extremely important, and yet, it is also something many students didn’t get quite exposed to in a school setting.

How can we better prepare young adults for the workplace? Recent graduates, looking back on their educational experience, have some advice. Many think that all students should be required to do an internship(实习) while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital, or government organization, for example, can help one gain experience and learn skills needed to succeed in the real world.Pairing this kind of practical work experience with classroom instruction, say the graduates, will help prepare students for the realities of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful.

单词拼写

1.Interacting with the seniors has proven____________（有益的）for the young ones,making them more open-minded.

2.According to____________（统计数据），if we can decrease the time for having the television on by one hour each day,we can deduce the amount of carbon emission by 4.71 kilogram each month.

3.One of his biggest problems when he started his business in 1988,he recalls,  was the attitude of his workers:they___________（吐唾沫）on the floor and generally behaved in a disrespectful manner.

4.If I could obtain a$9,000 scholarship________（每年），I would be able to complete any studies.

5.To protect our eyesight,we are supposed to have our eyes examined at regular_________（间隔）.

6.Audience a ____________ heavily as the super star appeared on the stage.

7.He is suffering from alcohol a ____________ and just can't stop drinking.

8.The police finally arrested the c ____________ related to the bank robbery as they were about to board the ship.

9.This dictionary is i___________ for beginners and thus too easy for high school students.

10.Doctors say many diseases can be b____________ from spreading by hand washing.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

How Do Avalanches(雪崩) Happen

If you're ever skiing in the mountains,you'll have to be aware of avalanches. An avalanche is a sudden flow of snow down a slope,such as.a mountain.The amount of snow in an avalanche varies based on many things,but it can be such a huge amount 1. it can bury the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow.

Avalanches2. be caused by natural things.For example,new snow or rain can cause built-up snow to loosen and fall down the side of a mountain. Artificial triggers(诱发因素) can also cause avalanches. For example, snowmobiles, skiers, and explosives 3.(know)to lead to avalanches.

Avalanches usually occur during the winter and spring, 4.snowfall is greatest.As they are dangerous to any living beings in their path,avalanches have destroyed forests,roads,railroads and even entire towns.Warning signs exist that allow experts to predict--and often prevent--avalanches from occurring.When over a foot of fresh snow falls,experts know to be on the lookout for avalanches.

Explosives can be used in places5. massive snow buildups to trigger much smaller avalanches that don't pose 6. danger to persons or property.

When deadly avalanches do occur,the moving snow can quickly reach over 80 miles per hour.Skiers caught in such avalanches can be buried under dozens of feet of snow. 7.it's possible to dig out of such avalanches,not all are able to escape.

If you get tossed about by an avalanche and find yourself 8.(bury) under many feet of snow,you might not have a true sense of which way is up and which way is down.Some avalanche victims have tried to dig their way out,only to find that they were upside down and digging themselves farther under the snow 9. than to the top!

Experts suggest that people caught in an avalanche 10.(try)to dig around you to create a space for air,so you can breathe more easily.Then,do your best to figure out which way is up and dig in that direction to reach the surface and signal rescuers.

Face shape lets AI spot rare disorders

People with genetic syndromes (综合征) sometimes have revealing facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be _______given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural (神经系统) network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors _______the possibilities.

Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the overall impression of faces and _______ a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.

They _______ the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labeled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes.The team then asked AI to _______potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time.

Gurovich and his team also_______the neural network's ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations (父异) that can lead to the same syndrome.They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in any one of five genes.DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time. It’s clearly not _______, but it’s still much better than humans are at trying to do this.

As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that are most helpful in the determination are_______and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.

The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about_______. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle,__________ use such techniques to__________ against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders.__________. Gurovich says the tool will only be __________for use by clinicians.

This technique could bring significant__________ for those who have genetic syndromes. The real value here is that for some of these ultra-rare diseases, the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers. For some diseases, it will cut down the time to diagnosis dramatically. For others, it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and, __________, help find new treatments or cures.

1.A.convincing B.practical C.reliable D.tricky

2.A.narrow down B.result in C.bring about D.arise from

3.A.wait B.return C.mail D.feed

4.A.focused B.touched C.based D.trained

5.A.adjust B.identify C.change D.cure

6.A.recognized B.showed C.tested D.acquired

7.A.perfect B.acceptable C.specific D.workable

8.A.covered B.highlighted C.excluded D.monitored

9.A.privacy B.accuracy C.reality D.objectivity

10.A.legally B.regularly C.secretly D.efficiently

11.A.vote B.fight C.argue D.discriminate

12.A.Furthermore B.Similarly C.Otherwise D.However

13.A.available B.impossible C.ready D.rare

14.A.challenges B.damages C.benefits D.concerns

15.A.by contrast B.on the contrary C.in addition D.in turn

Without Her Name

It is a truth universally acknowledged that Pride and Prejudice by English novelist Jane Austen is one of the most popular tales ever written. But behind the global admiration she enjoys today lies a sad fact.1.

In Pride and Prejudice, she was simply the author of Sense and Sensibility, which had carried the title “By a Lady.” The anonymity(匿名) worked so well that even friends of the Austen family had no idea that dear, sweet Jane was a novelist. A friend of Jane' s brother Henry actually told him that Pride and Prejudice was “much too clever to be the work of a woman.”

2.Tom Paine, a Founding Father of the United States, kept his identity hidden for a short time after the publication of his famous Common Sense.

For a woman, however, there was the added burden of societal expectations. Any sort of publishing or public display of talent was considered improper behavior for a woman.

It wasn't only fear about “bad manners” that discouraged women from writing under their own names.3. Charlotte Bronte, author of Jane Eyre, once sent her poetry to Robert Southey, a famous poet. Southey simply responded: “Literature cannot be the business of a woman's life.” Bronte used her pen name, Currer Bell, to publish Jane Eyre in 1847.Her sister Emily published Wuthering

Heights as Ellies Bell in the same year.

4.Mary Shelley' s Frankenstein(《科学人》) had come out without her name in 1818.Mary Anne Evans wrote Middlemarch and her other novels under the pen name George Eliot.

The 20th century saw great progress towards gender equality. In theory, it should be unnecessary for women writers to follow Austen' s path any longer, unless driven by personal reasons.5. Joanne Rowling, author of the Harry Potter novels, was advised to become J. K. Rowling. That's because boys might dislike the feeling of picking up a book by a woman. Connie Ann Kirk explained in her biography of Rowling.

A.Jane Austen has attracted a great deal of critical attention in recent years.

B.Women 's writing was seldom taken seriously.

C.Politicians, for reasons of safety, also frequently chose to be invisible.

D.In practice, however, certain prejudices just won't go away.

E.in a 2016 interview, Italian novelist Elena Ferrante claimed her use of a pen name let her concentrate on writing.

F.in her own time, Austen 's name never appeared on her books.

G.They joined a long list of women authors who felt they had to hide.

    The Jewish(犹太人）family-had-just finished supper and the woman had placed the dishes in the sink.The kitchen was quite damp and even gloomier than in the main room.It was their third apartment since the start of the war,they had abandoned the other two in a hurry.The woman came back into the room and sat down again at the table.The 3-year-old boy sat with his back straight,his eyes fixed on his father,but it was obvious that he was so sleepy that he could barely sit up.

The man was smoking a cigarette.His eyes were blood-shot and he kept blinking in a funny way.This blinking had begun soon after they fled the second apartment.

It was late,past ten o'clock and they could have gone to sleep,but first they had to play the game that they had been playing every day for two weeks.Even though the man tried his best and he moved very quickly,the fault was his and not the child's.The boy was.marvelous.Seeing his father put out his cigarette,he opened his blue eyes even wider.The woman,who didn't actually take part in the game, stroked the boy's hair.

“We'll play the key game just one more time only today.Isn't that right?"she asked her husband.

He didn't answer because he was not sure.They were still two or three minutes off. He arose and walked towards the bathroom door.Then the woman called out softly,“Ding-dong."At the sound of the bell ringing so musically from his mother's lips,the boy jumped up from his chair and ran to the front door,which was separated from the main room by a narrow corridor.

“Who's there?"he asked.

The woman,remaining in her chair,shut her eyes tight as if feeling a sudden, sharp pain.

“I'l1 open up in a minute,I'm just looking for the keys,"the child called out. Then he ran back to the main room,making a lot of noise with his feet.He ran in circles around the table,pulled out one of the sideboard drawers,and slammed it shut.

“Just a minute,I can't find them,I don't know where Mama put them,"he yelled,then dragged the chair across the room,climbed onto it,and reached up to the top of the shelf.

“I found them!”he shouted triumphantly.Then he got down from the chair, pushed it back to the table,and calmly walked to the door and opened it.

“Shut the door,darling,"the woman said softly."You were perfect.”

The child didn't hear what she said.He stood in the middle of the room,staring at the closed bathroom door.

“Shut the door, the woman repeated in a tired flat voice.Every evening she repeated the same words,and every evening he stared at the closed bathroom door.

At last it opened.The man was pale and his clothes were streaked with lime and dust.He stood there,eyes blinking in that funny way.

“Well?How did it go?"asked the woman.

“I still need more time.He has to look for them longer.I slip in sideways all right,but then...It's so tight in there that when I turn...And he's got to make more noise-he should stamp his feet louder."

The child didn't take his eyes off him.

“Say something to him,"the woman whispered.

＂You did a good job,little one,"he said mechanically.

“That's right,”the woman said,“you're really doing a wonderful job,darling. You act just like a grown-up.And you do know that if someone should really ring the doorbell when Mama is at work,everything will depend on you?And what will you say when they ask you about your parents?”

“Mama's at work.”

“And Papa?"He was silent.

“And Papa?"the man screamed in terror.The child turned pale.

“And Papa?”the man repeated more calmly.

“He's dead,”＂the child answered and threw himself at his father,who was standing right beside him,but already long dead to the people who would really ring the bell.

1.What does the underlined sentence in Para.5 mean?

A.The family needed to practise the game for another 2 or 3 minutes.

B.There was still 2 or 3 minutes left before someone knocked at the door.

C.They would become too sleepy to play the game 2 or 3 minutes later.

D.The father needed 2 or 3 more minutes before the kid opened the door.

2.Why did the boy make a lot of noise when he was looking for the key?

A.Because he needed to drown out the noise caused by his father.

B.Because he was too little and just couldn't control his footsteps.

C.Because he was too anxious to find the key to open the door with.

D.Because he met many barriers on his way to where the key was.

3.In Para.12,why did the mother repeat“shut the door”in a tired,flat voice, instead of the previous soft one?

A.She was angry because her son didn't close the door as he had been told to.

B.She felt anxious because she knew her husband would be annoyed at the boy again.

C.She was disappointed because the boy's movement betrayed again where her husband was.

D.She was impatient because she was asked to repeat these words again and again every evening.

4.What is the best title of the passage?

A.A Scary Night B.The Key Game

C.My Father Is Dead D.An Innocent Boy

Bill Gates on how to fight future pandemics

WHEN HISTORIANS write the book on the covid-19 pandemic, what we've lived through so far will probably take up only the first third or so.The bulk of the story will be what happens next.

I believe that humanity will beat this pandemic, but only when most of the population is vaccinated(接种疫苗）.Until then, life will not return to normal.

As the pandemic slows in developed nations,it will accelerate in developing ones.Their experience,however,will be worse.In poorer countries,where fewer jobs can be done remotely,distancing measures won't work as well.The virus will spread quickly,and health systems won't be able to care for the infected.

Wealthy nations can help.But people in rich and poor places alike will be safe only once we have an effective medical solution for this virus,which means a vaccine.

My hope is that,by the second half of 2021,facilities around the world will be manufacturing a vaccine.If that's the case,it will be a history-making achievement: the fastest humankind has ever gone from recognizing a new disease to immunizing （免疫）against it.

Apart from this progress in vaccines,two other big medical breakthroughs will emerge from the pandemic.One will be in the field of diagnostics.The next time a novel virus crops up,people will probably be able to test for it at home.Researchers could have such a test ready within a few months of identifying a new disease.

The third breakthrough will be in antiviral drugs.We haven't been as effective at developing drugs to fight viruses as we have those to fight bacteria.But that will Researchers will develop large diverse libraries of antivirals,which they'll be able to scan trough and quickly find effective treatments for novel viruses.

All three technologies will prepare us for the next pandemic by allowing us to intervene(干预）early when the number of cases is still very low.

Our progress won't be in science alone.It will also be in our ability to make sure everyone benefits from that science.In the years after 2021,I think we'll learn from the years after 1945. With the end of the Second World War, leaders built international institutions like the UN to prevent more conflicts.After covid-19, leaders will prepare institutions to prevent the next pandemic.

These will be a mix of national,regional and global organizations.I expect they will participate in regular"germ games”in the same way as armed forces take part in War games.These will keep us ready for the next time a novel virus jumps from bats or birds to humans.

I hope wealthy nations include poorer ones in these preparations,especially by devoting more foreign aid to building up their primary health-care systems.This pandemic has shown us that viruses don't obey border laws and that we are all connected biologically by a network of microscopic germs,whether we like it or not.

The best analogy(类比）for today might be November 10th 1942.Britain had just won its first land victory of the war,and Winston Churchill declared in a speech: “This is not the end.It is not even the beginning of the end.But it is,perhaps,the end of the beginning.”

1.What are the three technologies that will prepare us for the next pandemic?

①manufacturing a vaccine fast     

②diagnosing a virus at home

③developing antiviral drugs 

④allowing us to intervene early

A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④

2.As far as poorer countries are concerned,which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?

A.pandemic disease is more likely to begin in poorer countries

B.Working from home can work well in poorer countries.

C.Health systems are sufficient to care for the infected in poorer countries.

D.Virus will cross borders if poorer countries fail to contain it.

3.Why is the Second World War mentioned in Para.8?

A.The fight against the COVID-19 is similar to the Second World War.

B.People are suffering just as they were in the Second World War.

C.We should cooperate globally just as we did after the Second World War.

D.Countries are fighting each other like in the Second World War.

4.What is the tone of this passage?

A.pessimistic B.optimistic

C.neutral D.indifferent

    My school appeared on the news last week because we had made an important change in our local area. Our class had planted a large garden in what was once only a vacant lot. It was a lot of work but it was all worth it. I got blisters(水泡) from digging, and we all got insect bites, too.

I learned a lot about gardening and collaboration(合作), and then I learned about the media. Our teacher telephoned the TV station and informed them of what we had accomplished. She spoke with the producer. The producer checked with the directors, but they said there were plenty of stories similar to ours. They wanted to know what was special about our particular garden, since many schools plant them.

The teacher explained that, after going on the Internet to learn about the prairie(大草原), we had made a prairie garden. We had gone to a prairie and gotten seeds from the plants, and then we planted them. We did not water the garden, but we did weed it. We decided to let nature water it with rain, since that was how prairies grew in the past. We sent a picture of the garden to the news station. In the picture, the grass was so high that it stood taller than the fourth grade students.

As a result, the producer sent a reporter to our school. He interviewed the headmaster and asked him many questions about the garden. After that, they interviewed us, and we explained to them what we had learned through this project.

That night, we watched the news, and there we were. The news reporter told our story. It was only two minutes long, but it was us. We were famous. All that work, all those blisters, it was worth it. We knew that when we saw the garden every day, but now we knew that the whole city thought so, too.

1.What seemed to be the TV directors’ initial reaction to the garden?

A.They were excited. B.They were surprised.

C.They were worried. D.They were uninterested.

2.What is special about the garden?

A.Weeds were allowed to spread naturally.

B.The grass grew faster than common grass.

C.The seeds came from the plants of a prairie.

D.Underground water was used for the plants.

3.What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the last paragraph?

A.We got blisters on our hands. B.Our hard work was worthwhile.

C.The garden would be famous. D.The project would be finished.

4.How did the author feel about the project?

A.Annoyed. B.Curious. C.Proud. D.Regretful.

    Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association(GDA). Whatever stage of life you’re at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you’ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区).

We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75. They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.

Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community’s access to safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.

Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you’ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who’ll become your lifelong friends.

This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:

GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.

There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.

Find out more about joining a GDA programme:

Website:www.glodeve.org

Email:humanresources@glodeve.org

1.What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?

A.To seek local partners. B.To take in young volunteers.

C.To carry out programmes. D.To foster cultural awareness.

2.The programme beginning in August will operate in ________.

A.Egypt B.Algeria C.Kenya D.South Africa

3.The shared goal of GDA’s projects to ________.

A.explore new cultures B.protect the environment

C.gain corporate benefit D.help communities in need

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是明启中学高三学生李青。史上最长的”寒假”结束后，校刊举办主题征文活动，内容是关于学生在这个”寒假”里发生的一个变化。请你结合自己的实际写一篇文章投稿。你的文章必须包括:

▪ 简述该变化的具体内容；

▪ 阐述该变化对你的意义。

(注意:文中请不要出现真实的校名和人名)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.研学的兴起让公共文化服务成为新亮点。 (rise)

___________________________

2.不出所料，这个养身讲座吸引了社区众多老年居民。 (expect)

___________________________

3.“线上音乐会”不受时空的局限，为剧场未来发展提供了新机遇。 (break)

___________________________

4.该是时候民众在日常生活中通过具体行动表达对自然的敬畏与呵护了，比如节约能源、保 护野生动物等。 (It)

___________________________

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

How Do Our Phones Affect Our Parenting?

As a pediatrician (儿科医生), I have researched how mobile phone use affects family dynamics. The parent-child relationship is central to children’s social and emotional health and life success — yet I also see how more and more family interactions interrupted by mobile devices … including my own.

My interest in the topic began in 2010. I worked for a year as a pediatrician in the suburbs outside of Seattle. Many of the parents bringing in their sick kids worked at tech companies and were early adopters of mobile devices. During my training, I had gotten used to children playing with handheld gaming devices, but this was different: parents texted during health-related conversations (were they really processing what I was saying?); looked up medical information online to check my accuracy (was this a sign of parent anxiety?); and used videos to stop children from crying (this was pretty helpful during ear exams, but is it OK other times, I wondered?).

I was fascinated by the cultural change America was experiencing with the rapid adoption of mobile devices. But as a pediatrician, I had no idea what to do about it. So when I moved to Boston for training in Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, I decided to explore the topic in more depth.

I started my research by observing families in fast food restaurants and the results were pretty eye-opening: when parents’ attention was highly absorbed in their smartphones, parents talked less to children; responded slower (or not at all) to child bids for attention; and sometimes overreacted to child behavior.

Our more recent studies show that in the long-run, parent technology use during parent-child activities leads to more difficult child behavior — which in turn leads to more parent technology usage. It’s a vicious cycle: when kids stress us out, we often go to our phones for escape or to avoid interaction, and this interrupts time with kids or makes them annoyed, and they might react with difficult behavior, and so on.

As a working mom of two young boys, I knew how this child-phone multitasking felt to me, but I wanted to hear what others thought. So I interviewed 35 parents from diverse backgrounds in Boston to understand their experiences. They told me they have never felt their brains split in so many directions — like all the matters of the world could intrude upon home time and “land in their lap”. They expressed both relief and despair when their phones were broken or lost, because while this made it easier to “single-task” on their kids again, they also felt cut off from friends and information.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

New sense discovered in dog noses: the ability to detect heat

Dogs’ noses are amazing. Not only are they up to 100 million times more sensitive than ours, they can sense weak thermal radiation- the body heat of mammalian (哺乳动物的) prey, a new study reveals. The find helps explain how dogs with damaged sight, hearing, or smell can still hunt successfully.

“It’s a fascinating discovery,” says Marc Bekoff, an expert on dog sniffing (嗅探). “It provides yet another window into the sensory worlds of dogs’ highly evolved cold noses.” The ability to sense weak, radiating heat is known in only some animals: black fire beetles, certain snakes, and one species of mammal, the common vampire bat, all of which use it to hunt prey.1. But the tips of dogs’ noses are moist, colder than the surrounding temperature, and richly endowed with nerves-all of which suggests an ability to detect not just smell, but heat.

To test the idea, researchers at Lund University trained three pet dogs to choose between a warm (31°C) and a surrounding-temperature object, each placed 1.6 meters away.2. (Scientists could   only detect the difference by touching the surfaces.) After training, the dogs were tested on their skill in double-blind experiments; all three successfully detected the objects emitting weak thermal radiation.

Next, the researchers scanned the brains of 13 pet dogs of various breeds while presenting the dogs with objects emitting neutral or weak thermal radiation. The left somatosensory cortex in dogs’ brains, was more responsive to the warm thermal stimulus than to the neutral one. The scientists identified a group of 14 voxels (体素) in this region of the dogs’ left brains , but didn’t find any in the right, and none in any part of the dogs’ brains in response to the neutral stimulus.

3. Also, a specific region of their brains is activated by this infrared (relating to a type of light) radiation, the scientists say. They suspect dogs inherited the ability from their ancestor, the gray wolf, who may use it to sniff out warm bodies during a hunt.

“The study is consistent with other research that describes the combined dog nose and brain as a highly complicated platform for processing a broad range of signals,” says Gary Settles, a professor of mechanical engineering at Pennsylvania State University. “The dog nose can distinguish patterns of hot and cold objects at a distance,” he said. “4. That needs further study.”

A.If nothing else, the work suggests the extraordinary skills of the dog.

B.The dogs weren’t able to see or smell the difference between these objects.

C.But dogs’ thermal detection skills may not be useful for long distance hunting.

D.Most mammals have naked, smooth skin on the tips of their noses around the nostrils (鼻孔).

E.Dogs track prey “not by sight or sound or smell, but by some other and subtler sense”.

F.Together, the two experiments show that dogs, like vampire bats, can sense weak hot spots.

    The story of chocolate begins with the discovery of America in 1492. Columbus was the first European to come into contact with cacao. Columbus was struck by how much value the Indians placed on them as he did not know the beans were used by currency. It is unlikely that Columbus brought any of these beans back to Spain and it was not until about 25 years later that Cortez grasped the commercial possibilities when he found the Aztecs using the beans to make the royal drink “chocolate”.

The Spanish, in general, were not fond of the bitter drink so Cortez and his followers made it more palatable by adding cane sugar and later cinnamon and vanilla were added. Spanish monks let the secret out back home and, although the Spanish hid it from their neighbors for a hundred years, finally chocolate’s popularity grew until it was their fashionable drink at the French court and the wise choice of customers at London meeting houses.

The cacao tree is strictly a tropical plant only in hot, rainy climates. Thus, its cultivation is limited to countries not more than 20 degrees north or south of the equator (赤道). The cacao tree is very delicate and sensitive. It needs protection from the wind and requires a fair amount of shade under most conditions. This is true especially in its first two or three years of growth. A newly planted young cacao tree is often sheltered by a different type of trees. It is normal to plant food crops for shade such as bananas, plantain, coconuts or cocoyams. Rubber trees and forest trees are also used for shade. Once established, however, cacao trees can grow in full sunlight, provided there are fertile soil conditions and intensive farming. With cutting and careful cultivation, the trees of strains will begin bearing fruit in the fifth year. With extreme care, some strains can be stimulated to produce good crops in the third and fourth year.

The process of turning cacao into chocolate hasn’t changed much since the Swiss made the major breakthroughs in the process in the late 1800s. First the beans go through a process of fermentation ( 发酵 ) and drying. They are then sorted by hand before cleaning and then roasting. Winnowing ( 风 扬 ) follows which removes the hard outer layers and leaves what is as the “grains”. A crushing and heating process known as Hunte’s Process is then used to remove nearly half of the cocoa butter from the nibs. This makes unsweetened chocolate. Basic eating chocolate is made from a mixture of the unsweetened chocolate with some of the cocoa butter along with other ingredients such as sugar and vanilla. The resulting product is then “purified” and this purifying gives chocolate the silky texture that we know so well. The finished result is then shaped, cooled, packaged by machine, distributed, sold and of course, eaten!

1.Why didn’t Columbus bring beans back to Spain at once when he found cacao?

A.Because he couldn’t afford to buy the cacao bean.

B.Because he didn’t know how to turn cacao bean into chocolate.

C.Because he was not aware of the monetary value of cacao bean then.

D.Because Spaniards then didn’t favour the chocolate that the Aztecs originally drank.

2.The underlined word “palatable” in paragraph 2 probably means  .

A.affordable B.agreeable C.patent D.portable

3.Which of the following is correct about cacao tree?

A.Cacao trees need a lot of looking after to be used commercially.

B.Cacao trees require hot, rainy climates and adequate sunlight.

C.Cacao trees won’t produce fruit until the fifth year.

D.Cacao trees can grow well in all continents.

4.Which is the correct order of turning cocoa into chocolate?

① The chocolate is reheated to melt it, put into patterns and then cooled to make its final shapes.

② The beans are harvested on the farm.

③ Some cocoa butter is then obtained using Hunte’s Process to make cooking chocolate.

④ The cooking chocolate is then mixed with other ingredients to make the various types of eating chocolate available today.

⑤ The beans are winnowed after fermentation and drying and these two processes produce the grains.

⑥ The finished product is wrapped, sent to shops and then sold.

A.②①③④⑤⑥ B.②③①⑤④⑥ C.②④⑤①③⑥ D.②⑤③④①⑥

The Apollo Missions

“That's one small step for a man. One giant leap for mankind.”

— Neil Armstrong

Apollo’s Goals

The national effort that enabled Astronaut Neil Armstrong to speak those words as he stepped onto the lunar surface fulfilled a dream as old as humanity. Project Apollo’s goals went beyond landing Americans on the moon and returning them safely to Earth.

Apollo 13

Apollo 13 has been called a “successful failure,” because the crew never landed on the Moon, but they made it home safely after an explosion crippled their ship. When the associated heater was turned on during flight, the tank exploded depleting almost all of the power from the command module and forcing the crew to use the lunar module as a lifeboat. Jim Lovell, Fred Haise and Jack Swigert came home safely thanks to the mission control team’s improvised procedures and their own ability to implement them.(Launch: April 11, 1970; splashdown: April 17)

Apollo 14

Notable for the return of America’s first astronaut, Alan Shepard, to space, Apollo 14 also was probably the smoothest lunar landing to that point. The crew spent more than nine hours outside the lunar module and set up a number of experiments. Shepard set a new distance record by walking more than 9,000 feet on the lunar surface, pulling a hand cart to carry their tools and samples.(Launch: Jan. 31, 1971: lunar landing: Feb. 5: splashdown, Feb. 9)

Apollo 15

For the first time, humans drove a car on the Moon. The first of the Apollo “J” Missions-designed for longer stays on the Moon - the mission carried a lunar rover, which Commander David Scott and Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin used while they were on the surface for more than I8 hours. They traveled more than 17 miles in the rover, setting up experiments and collecting 170 pounds of samples. Before leaving the lunar surface, Scott conducted an experiment to test Galileo’s theory that objects in vacuum, without air resistance, would fall at the same rate. He dropped a geological hammer and a feather, which hit the ground at the same time, proving Galileo right.(Launch: July 26, 1971, lunar landing: July 30: splashdown: Aug. 7)

1.Why has Apollo 13 been called a “successful failure”?

A.Apollo 13 finally exploded as planned in space.

B.All the crew succeeded in landing on the Moon.

C.The crew managed to escape from a severe accident and returned to Earth.

D.The crew finished the experiment although they failed to land on the Moon.

2.Which of the following is True according to the passage?

A.It took five days for Apollo 14 to reach the Moon.

B.The lunar rover was used as a lifeboat for space travel.

C.Shepard tested Galileo’s theory successfully on the Moon.

D.Apollo 15 remained in space for the shortest period of time.

3.Which of the following column is this article most likely to be found?

A.Booming Science B.Exploring the Unknown

C.Mechanical World D.Transforming Moon

　Suddenly Uncle Henry stood up. “There’s a cyclone coming, Em,” he called to his wife. “I’ll go look after the stock.” Then he ran toward the sheds where the cows and horses were kept.

Aunt Em dropped her work and came to the door. One glance told her of the danger close at hand. “Quick, Dorothy!” she screamed. “Run for the cellar!” Toto jumped out of Dorothy’s arms and hid under the bed, and the girl started to get him. Aunt Em, badly frightened, threw open the trap door in the floor and climbed down the ladder into the small, dark hole. Dorothy caught Toto at last and started to follow her aunt. When she was halfway across the room there came a great roar from the wind, and the house shook so hard that she lost her footing and sat down suddenly upon the floor.

Then a strange thing happened. The house circled around two or three times and rose slowly through the air. Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon. It was very dark, and the wind blew horribly around her, but Dorothy found she was riding quite easily. After the first few twists and turns, and one other time when the house tipped badly, she felt as if she were being rocked gently, like a baby in a cradle (摇篮). Toto did not like it. He ran about the room, now here, now there, barking loudly; but Dorothy sat quite still on the floor and waited to see what would happen.

At last she crawled over the swinging floor to her bed, and lay down upon it; and Toto followed and lay down beside her. In spite of the swinging of the house and the crying of the wind, Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fast asleep.

1.What does the underlined word “cyclone” in paragraph 1 probably mean?

A.deadline B.flood C.monster D.tornado

2.Why did Aunt Em go into the hole in the floor when the cyclone approached?

A.To find the puppy Toto. B.To find shelter from the cyclone.

C.To protect their fortune. D.To get tools to help Henry.

3.Which of the following is True about Dorothy?

A.She managed to control the house. B.She found herself flying in a balloon.

C.She turned baby crying loudly. D.She remained undisturbed with Toto.

4.Which words can be used to describe Dorothy in the emergency?

A.Afraid and brave. B.Curious and tired.

C.Flexible and calm. D.Excited and thrilled.