每天试题更新列表 - 满分5

I do not want to distract you from continuing your own path to becoming your ______ self.

A.consistent B.controversial C.contemporary D.authentic

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I have a 10-year-old grand piano which needs to be tuned but ______ it's in good condition.

A.meanwhile B.somehow C.otherwise D.instead

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— Did you drive oil the road because you were tired and sleepy?

—Absolutely not! Actually I ______ to avoid a truck overtaking me on the inside lane.

A.had been trying B.had tried C.was trying D.tried

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By and by, a full moon appeared from behind the clouds, ______ the small village in silver light.

A.bathed B.bathing C.having bathed D.being bathed

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Thomas Cook, a 178-year-old British travel company, declared bankruptcy （破产） early Monday morning, ________operations and leaving thousands of tourists stuck around the world.

A.substituting B.subscribing C.suspending D.squeezing

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Adolescence is the period of life ______ youths leave childhood and head into adulthood, which is a difficult physical and emotional process.

A.when B.where C.that D.which

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President Xi has made it clear that the key points in future arc to remove the bottleneck caused by the urban and rural dual systems in order to ______ the systematic obstacles.

A.take away B.smooth away C.fade away D.give away

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______ figure skating and gymnastics, there are no subjective votes made by judges in swimming.

A.In contrast to B.In proportion to C.In association with D.In defense of

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Great works of art are measured by the emotions they call forth, not just ______ they look next to the plant shelf.

A.what B.where C.who D.how

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The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually.

A.Accumulation. B.compensation C.accommodation D.ambition

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阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150 左右。

Kent was a manager of a furniture agency. His establishment nearly went bankrupt (倒闭）because of the wrong decision he had made. He was so regretful and depressed that he planned to drive to a bar alone to release his emotions.

It was near midnight in an extremely cold winter, and the temperature was minus 9 degrees centigrade. There were few people in the street. Suddenly, a figure of an old madam entered his line of sight. She was standing sideways near a platform, dressed in a plain coat, dragging a suitcase, and holding a plastic bag in the other hand. The slight old lady was seemingly more than 80. She was trembling in cutting wind. Now she kept motioning Kent for a ride. Although Kent was somewhat angry about the old madam's disturbing，he wouldn't like to leave her in the cold night. He noticed she coughed violently and thought that she might be ill and really needed help. So he braked near her.

The madam said, "Would you please take me for a ride? I can offer double fare. . . " Kent interrupted her, "I will charge you nothing! Come on!" The madam pointed to her luggage and said, "Could you put my suitcase into the car?" Kent stepped out and put it in the trunk.

Kent proceeded to drive. He stopped at a petrol station where he wanted to purchase gallons of gasoline (汽油). During the interval they waited in a queue，the madam began her narration, "Could you please send me to the charity house in the suburbs? I want to send them something. I had been given help there 50 years ago. The president and workers were all good guys." She burst into tears，"Now they've all passed away. The life was tough at that time, but we all loved and cared about each other. I've held a desire to be back there again for long." Kent realized the madam was recalling a section of the good missing days. A complicated feeling surrounded him, and he decided to cancel his plan and stay with the old madam.

Paragraph 1 ：

After a two-hour drive，they came to the gate of their destination.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2 ：

Hearing this, Kent lapsed into silence, because he knew the rest home was for patients with incurable diseases.

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假定你是李华。你所在班级的交换生Peter正在进行一项关于垃圾分类的研究。他给你来信询问你们社区垃圾分类的实施情况，请给Peter回一份邮件，告诉他相关信息，邮件内容包括：

1. 写邮件的目的；

2. 垃圾分类的实施情况；

3. 你对垃圾分类的看法。

注意：1. 电子邮件的格式已为你写好，不计入总词数;

2. 词数：100左右。

垃圾分类：garbage classification

Dear Peter,

Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Hua

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阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。

The planet’s biggest shopping day has come and gone, and Alibaba, the Chinese e-commerce giant(电商巨头), again showed the world how many mountains of stuff it could persuade people to buy in 24 hours.

Nov.11 1.（know）in China as Singles Day. This year, nearly $38.3 billion worth of merchandise was sold on Alibaba’s platforms, 2. (beat) last year’s $30.8 billion.The eye-popping number, 3. Alibaba manages to make even more eye-opening year after year, reflect the changing times since the company invented the retail even a decade ago.

China, has grown richer and 4.（digitally）connected. Alibaba has become 5. technology powerhouse. Along the way, the company has made a few famous friends. Its live-streamed evening gala in Shanghai 6.（feature）the singer Tayler Swift. Celebrities who 7.（proform）on the Singles Day stage in previous years include the model Miranda Kerr and the actors Nicole Kidman and Daniel Craig.

8. there is a tariff war 9.China and the US, Single Day shows Beijing’s 10.（willing）to welcome the whole world.

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One day, Howard Kelly, a poor boy was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal.______, when a lovely young woman opened the door, he asked for a drink of water instead. But she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it, and then asked, “How much do I______ you?”“Nothing,” she replied. “Mother taught me never to ______ pay for a kindness.”

Years later the young woman became ______ ill and was sent to the big city for treatment. Dr. Howard Kelly was called in for the ______. When he heard the name of the town she came from, he ______went down through the hospital hall into her room. He ______ her at once. After going back to the consultation room he______ to do his best.

After a long struggle, the battle was______. Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the bill to him for approval. He wrote something on it. The bill was then sent to her room. She was ______ to open it because she was ______ that it would take the rest of her life to pay it ______. Finally she looked, and the note on the bill ______ her attention, which ______"Paid in ______ with a glass of milk." Tears of joy rolled down her cheek.

1.A.However B.Therefore C.Thus D.Otherwise

2.A.pay B.borrow C.lend D.owe

3.A.regard B.learn C.accept D.think

4.A.critically B.slightly C.generally D.mildly

5.A.injury B.consultation C.suggestions D.wound

6.A.patiently B.slowly C.immediately D.lively

7.A.saw B.recognized C.glared D.glanced

8.A.refused B.learned C.hesitated D.determined

9.A.won B.defeated C.settled D.gained

10.A.happy B.afraid C.anxious D.eager

11.A.optimistic B.negative C.uncertain D.positive

12.A.off B.out C.up D.in

13.A.started B.caught C.stimulated D.distracted

14.A.told B.stated C.wrote D.read

15.A.full B.half C.all D.fall

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To Track What You Eat and Drink

Keeping a food diary helps give you an accurate picture of what you eat every day.1. Here are some suggestions to track what you eat and drink.

Set up your diary. The simplest way to track what you eat and drink is by setting up your diary in a notebook or downloading a food journal app on your phone. You'll need to be able to keep track of the date, time, place, item eaten, quantity consumed, and extra notes.

2.The most accurate food journal will most likely be the most helpful as well. Try to jot down or take note of everything that goes into your mouth. Include all meals, drinks, snacks and even nibbles of food you eat while you cook.

Write down accurate quantities. If you're concerned about how many calories you consume, writing down the quantities you eat is important data to include in your diary.3.

4. Whether you're keeping a food diary to help you lose weight or you're trying to pinpoint a potential food allergy, your mood matters. Jot down notes on how a food or meal makes you feel. 5. For example, you might feel anxious and have an upset stomach after eating dairy-based foods.

A.Record all beverages.

B.Record everything you eat and drink.

C.Record how you feel after eating each item.

D.It also helps you manage or lose weight or help you eat healthier.

E.Don’t forget to include any physical symptoms or side effects after eating.

F.You might want to buy measuring cups to help ensure your quantities are correct.

G.Start taking down a few notes about your diet and you may be surprised at what you learn.

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You’re walking around and a thought occurs: “I should check my phone.” The phone comes out of your pocket. You type a message. Then your eyes remain glued to the screen, even when you walk across the street. We all do this kind of distracted walking, or“twalking.”

Why are we so addicted to it? People are, by nature, information-seeking creatures. When we regularly check our phones, we are snacking on information from devices that offer an all-you-can-eat buffet of information. And in some ways, smartphones were designed to be irresistible to information-seeking creatures.

However, at what point is this considered addiction?

Not all constant phone use was considered addictive, said Steven Sussman, a professor at the University of Southern California. External pressures, like a demanding job, could force people to frequently check their phones. But when people check their devices just to enhance their mood, this could be a sign of a developing problem.

Another signal of addictive behavior is becoming preoccupied with smartphone use when you should be doing something else. An even clearer indicator is what happens when the phone is taken away.

“Let’s say you go out to the mountains and you don’t get reception, so you can’t use a smartphone,” Dr. Sussman said. “Do you feel a sense of relief? Or do you feel, wow, I want to get out of these mountains — I want to use the smartphone. If you feel the latter, that’s toward the addictive direction.”

Jim Steyer, the chief executive of Common Sense Media, said there needed to be a broad public awareness campaign over the dangers of walking and texting in parallel with distracted driving.“You have distracted pedestrians and distracted drivers, so it’s the double whammy,” he said. “Tech addiction hits in both ways.”

1.What is probably the proper explanation of the word “twalking”?

A.Talk while working.

B.Text while walking.

C.Travel while walking.

D.Tease others while walking.

2.Why do we get into the habit of twalking ?

A.Twaling is interesting and beneficial.

B.The news on the cellphone is of great value.

C.Twalking is trend that everyone want to follow.

D.Smartphones comply with our eagerness for information.

3.Which of the following is regarded as addition?

A.We use smartphones constantly for work.

B.When we use the smartphones, we are in a bad mood.

C.When smartphones are taken away, we are anxious to find them.

D.Climbing mountains without cellphone makes us feel a sense of relief.

4.What can be reflected from Jim Stever’s words?

A.Distracted driving is more dangerous than twalking.

B.Twalking brings more dangers than distracted driving.

C.The number of twalking people is equal to distracted drivers.

D.Twalking and distracted driving deserve more public concern.

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Scientists have long known a fairly reliable way to extend life span in rodents(啮齿类动物) and other lab animals: Reduce the amount of calories they eat by 10 percent to 40 percent.

This strategy known as caloric restriction, has been shown to increase the life span of various organisms and reduce their rate of cancer and other age-related ailments. Whether it can do the same in people has been an open question. But an intriguing new study suggests that in young and middle-aged adults, chronically(慢性地) restricting calorie intake can have an impact on their health.

In the new study, researchers looked at a group of 143 healthy men and women who were instructed to practice caloric restriction for two years, with the aim of cutting the calories they consumed by 25 percent.

On average, the dieters managed to slash about 12 percent of their total calories, or roughly 300 calories a day, the amount in a few chocolate chip cookies or a small Starbucks Mocha. But the group saw many of their health markers improve.

They lost weight and body fat. Their blood pressure fell slightly, and they had better blood sugar control and less inflammation. At the same time, a control group of 75 healthy people who did not practice caloric restriction saw no improvements in any of these markers. Some of the benefits in the calorie restricted group stemmed from the fact that they lost a large amount of weight. However, the results of the survey suggest that caloric restriction might have some unique biological effects on disease pathways in the body.

Calorie restriction may be a useful tool for better health and weight loss, but it’s unclear whether the changes in the new study will ultimately translate into longevity and reductions in chronic disease, said Frank Hu, the chairman of the nutrition department at the Harvard, who was not involved in the research.

1.What happened to the lab animals, after the amount of calories was reduced?

A.More lab animals got cancers.

B.More Lab animals can live longer.

C.Health condition of lab animals got worse.

D.Lab animals will suffer from no disease in their future life.

2.From the study, after caloric restriction, what happened to the 143 people?

A.Their healthy markers improved.

B.They did not get chronic diseases.

C.They did not get lose any weight at all.

D.They did not eat chocolate chip cookies.

3.Which work has the similar meaning to the underline word, slash?

A.Reduce. B.Increase.

C.Add. D.Beat.

4.From Frank Hu’s words, what can be inferred?

A.Calorie restriction is beneficial to weight loss.

B.People with caloric restriction will love longer than others.

C.More people should be encouraged to take caloric restriction in life.

D.The relation between caloric restriction and longer lifespan is uncertain.

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This month, when earthquakes rocked Southern California on back-to-back days, it was a shocking reminder that we may one day experience the “Big One,” a quake with the power to kill and destroy. However a few people saw something else: a photo opportunity.

Tourists flocked to a large crack in a highway to see evidence of the damage for themselves and, of course, take a quick selfie(自拍).

It was only the latest example of how our modern love of sharing photos we take of ourselves in notable situations is colliding with nature and the world, often in confusing and even dangerous ways.

In Canada, a sunflower farm barred visitors last year after selfie-seekers destroyed flowers and left the land looking like a “zombie apocalypse.”(僵尸启示录) In Spain, a man was gored in the neck last weekend while trying to take a video selfie at the annual running of the bulls in Pamplona.

The selfie phenomenon entered the mainstream after Apple and other phonemakers added front-facing cameras starting in 2010, the same year Instagram and other photo-sharing apps were becoming popular. From 2011 to 2017, more than 250 people died while taking selfies, according to a study by researchers in India, which had by far the highest number of such deaths, followed by Russia and the United States. Many died after drowning, falling or being attacked by an animal. Most were under the age of 30.

It’s easy to be uncomfortable with selfies and even mock them, especially when they’re risky or in bad taste. But some researchers have explored different questions: Why do we take selfies? Can they ever be a healthy form of expression? Can selfies be used for good?

1.Why does the author mention the earthquake happened in Southern California?

A.To show how severe the earthquake is.

B.To warn the readers of the dangers in the earthquake.

C.To introduce the risky behavior of the crazy selfie takers.

D.To show how scared people are when earthquake happened.

2.The sunflower farm in Canada barred visitors, because____________

A.there are too many visitors.

B.the farm used to be devastated by selfie seekers.

C.the sunflowers are supposed to be well protected.

D.the farm owner did not want others to enjoy the beautiful sunflowers.

3.What is the right order of the following countries according to the number of selfie deaths?

A.the US, India, Russia. B.Russia, the US, India.

C.India, Russia, the US. D.India, the US, Russia.

4.How did the author feel about selfie?

A.Positive. B.Negative.

C.Ambiguous. D.Uncaring.

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New York is an overwhelming city to visit with children. What follows is carefully collected advice from New Yorkers on how to cover the city right.

Tenement Museum

The Tenement Museum on the Lower East Side offers a fantastic glimpse into urban family life. Guided tours reveal the daily routines of generations of Irish, Jewish and Italian immigrants who made their mark then quickly moved up and out. Pick up a copy of “All-of-a-Kind Family”or a vintage toy in the museum shop, one of the city’s best.

MoMA Museum

MoMA Museum does an excellent job making modern and contemporary art accessible to children as young as 4. On weekend mornings, guided tours are divided into age-appropriate groups in which children can observe a number of works and draw; later they gain free admittance to the entire museum. The cafeteria is both grown-up and child-friendly, and there’s an art laboratory with hands-on activities and even an audio guide for young people.

Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum

The most significant in the museum is the Space Shuttle Pavilion, which is scheduled to reopen in July, showcasing the Enterprise, NASA’s first space shuttle, which arrived last year. The U.S.S. Intrepid, a World War II-era aircraft carrier, is worthwhile in itself. While the complex suffered damage during Hurricane Sandy, most of its facilities are once again shipshape. Families may want to consider Operation Slumber, which allows for overnight visits with special activities for children 6 and older.

Children’s Museum of the Arts

All the artwork here is made by children, and visitors can make their own （bonus: you don’t have to clean up）. An area for younger children includes sand, Play-Doh and guided music activities. Children go berserk for the Ball Pond, a closed-in area of oversize balls. Is it experiential art? An installation? Children need not bother with such imponderables.

1.Which of the following museums offer free admission?

A.Tenement Museum. B.MoMa Museum.

C.Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum. D.Children’s Museum of Arts.

2.How is Children’s Museum of the Arts different from the other three museums?

A.It is located in New York.

B.It exhibits a lot of artwork.

C.Its artwork is all created by children.

D.It used to be damaged in the Hurrican Sandy.

3.What do the four museums have in common?

A.They are all children-friendly.

B.They all show visitors contemporary artwork.

C.They can offer visitors activities to take part in.

D.They are all suitable for children over 4 years old.

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请阅读下面有关我国短视频收入的柱状图及相关文字，按照要求写一篇150 词左右的文章。

The short video industry experienced explosive growth in 2018，with its market value reaching 11.8 billion yuan，up 110 percent. It is estimated that the figure will hit 35 billion yuan by 2020.

There are several ways for short video posters to make a profit：from advertisements，virtual gifts sent by fans which can be converted into cash，selling products online or charging viewers for the content.

Some of the main video sharing platforms such as Douyin，also known as TikTok，and Kuaishou have launched campaigns cooperating with local governments to help some rural residents out of poverty. In the past year，over 16 million vloggers gained income on Kuaishou， of which 3.4 million people came from areas in poverty but with rich resources.

（写作内容）

1. 用约 30 个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；

2. 短视频流行的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法（原因不少于两点）；

3. 谈谈你对如何规范短视频的建议。

（写作要求）

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3. 不必写标题。

（评分标准）

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

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请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

Social anxiety(社交恐惧症) is a type of anxiety problem. People with social anxiety can usually interact easily with family and a few close friends. Instead of enjoying social activities, they might fear them and avoid some of them altogether. Like other anxieties, it is a fear reaction to something that isn't actually dangerous, although the body and mind react as if the danger is real. Because the physical sensations that go with the response are real and sometimes quite strong the danger seems real. With social anxiety, a person's fears and concerns are focused on the social performance whether it's a major class presentation or small talk at the lockers. People tend to feel embarrassed and uncomfortable about being noticed or judged by others.

Social anxiety might prevent someone from chatting with friends in the lunchroom, joining an afterschool club, going to a party, or asking someone on a date. It might keep a person from volunteering an answer in class, reading aloud, or giving a presentation. It might prevent someone from acting the school play, being in the talent show, trying out for a team, or joining in a service project. It also prevents them from making the normal, everyday mistakes that help people improve their skills still further.

Social anxiety develops because the genetic features from parents and other relatives can influence how the brain senses and controls anxiety, shyness, nervousness, and stress reactions. Meanwhile, some people are born with a shy character and tend to be cautious and sensitive in new situations and prefer what's familiar. Naturally a person's shy character can be influenced by what he or she learns from role models. If parents or others react by overprotecting a child who is shy, the child won't have a chance to get used to new situations and new people. If people born with a cautious nature have stressful experiences, social anxiety can make them even more cautious and shy. Feeling pressured to interact in ways they don't feel ready for, being criticized or insulted, or having other fears and worries can make it more likely for a shy or fearful person to develop social anxiety.

Sometimes, but not always, medicines that reduce anxiety are used as part of the treatment. Family or friends are especially important and the right support from a few key people can help those with social anxiety gather the courage to go outside their comfort zone and try something new. Dealing with social anxiety takes patience, courage to face fears and try new things, and the willingness to practice.

Social Anxiety
Passage outline	Supporting details
Some 1. involved with social anxiety	●Seldom get in touch with 2.． ●Wrongly react to something without danger in fact because of strong physical sensations. ●Pay too much attention to others' 3.，feeling embarrassed and uncomfortable.
Influences on people	●To make people feel lonely or disappointed over missed opportunities for4. and fun. ●To avoid getting the most out of school. ●To miss a chance to share their talents and learn new 5..
6. of developing social anxiety	●Have something to do with a person's biological factors. ●Naturally get influenced by the 7.from role models especially parents. ●Live a life with stressful and worrying 8. or events.
Ways to overcome social anxiety	●Go to 9. according to the condition of illness. ●Try to be 10. by family or friends and look for a new life. ●Keep patient, courageous and willing to practice.

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A few weeks ago, a 71-year-old man pulled his car to the roadside in Northwest Portland and stopped. He rolled down the window, turned off the engine and stared at a house.

The place, distinguished by three gables, is partially hidden by hedges and trees. Most people who pass by would never notice it. And if they did give it a glance, they’d probably think it’s a nice house in a nice neighborhood. Nothing more.

The house, in the 2500 block of Northwest Westover Road, is known as the Bessie & Louis Tarpley House. Built in 1907, it’s listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The current owner is Barbee Lyon, 79.

He and his first wife took possession in 1975. When they divorced, he bought out her share.

A retired lawyer, Lyon learned Louis Tarpley, the home’s first owner, had also been a Portland lawyer. Setbacks in Tarpley’s life led to the house auction(拍卖) in the late 1920s.

“I’m only the fifth owner of the home,” Lyon said. A previous owner was Frank Masco.

He and his wife, Esther, and their nine children had lived across town in a tiny house needing constant repairs. In the mid-1950s, the elder Masco wanted to move to a bigger house and one closer to work. A docker ( 码头工人 ), he was on-call 24 hours a day and had to quickly get to the Willamette River docks.

He found a home on Westover Road. At the time, many people wanted to live in new construction in the suburbs. The Westover house was offered at a deep discount.

And later the family moved on several times, finally living in Vancouver.

One Sunday in July 2019, Charley Masco drove to Portland for an appointment at a computer store.

When it ended, he traveled the familiar route to Westover Road, pulled over and looked at that home.

He decided to do something bold. He got out of his car and walked up the steps and rang the doorbell. He waited. No response. Nervous, he thought it was a mistake to do this and considered turning around and walking back to his car.

Barbee Lyon opened the door and saw a stranger.

“I’m not selling anything,” Masco said quickly. “I just want you to know I once lived here.” Lyon opened the door wide.

“Come in.”

And for the first time since 1966, Masco stepped into his childhood home.

Every room looked as Masco had remembered it: The built-in china hutch in the dining room, the hanging lights above the table and, in the kitchen, a massive wood-burning stove where his mother used to cook family meals. It was as if he had walked into his own museum.

Lyon told Masco he’d never done major structural remodeling, which meant Masco knew his way around the home.

It was as if he had never left.

There, on the top floor, was the window he and his siblings quietly opened to sneak out at night and return before their parents knew they were gone. The loft where friends daydreamed about the future. The living room – no TV ever allowed – where the family gathered to share music, play cards or just talk with each other.

Then they all walked to the basement.

In the far corner, Masco saw his father’s old wooden workbench. And above it, baby food jars.

Masco had forgotten about them.

He explained that his father had nailed lids from the jars to a rafter, filling the glass with different size screws, nuts and bolts, and then screwing the jars back into the lids to give him easy access while working.

Masco thought about his father, his mother and three of his siblings who have died. He thought about his father, tinkering in the basement, while his mother was in the kitchen preparing dinner.

He thought about the 71-year-old man he was and the boy he had once been.

Kruse, Lyon’s wife, reached up and unscrewed a jar. She handed it to Masco, believing it belonged to this stranger.

Masco thanked her.

He clutched the small bottle to his chest. “My dad,” he said quietly. “This is my dad.”

1.Why did Charley Masco come to visit the Westover house?

A.He wanted to review his past and hold memories.

B.He attempted to buy back his childhood house.

C.His friend invited him to be a guest at his newly-bought house.

D.He came to the house where his father lived to seek roots.

2.What made Frank Masco decide to buy the house?

A.The house’s owner had been a Portland lawyer.

B.The house was auctioned at a very low price.

C.He desired to improve his family’s living conditions.

D.The house was equipped with a basement.

3.What do we know about Barbee Lyon?

A.He bought the house from Louis Tarpley.

B.He took possession of the house at about 35.

C.He lived in the house with his first wife Kruse.

D.He disliked being disturbed by strangers.

4.Why did Charley Masco feel nervous when he rang the doorbell?

A.He knew the house owner was a bad-tempered man.

B.He thought it was improper to pay an unexpected visit.

C.He might not hold back his feelings when he went in.

D.He feared the house owner would take him for a salesman.

5.After Masco entered the house, he found that _.

A.every room was not as he had remembered it

B.the house had experienced great structural changes

C.the childhood home was where his heart was

D.he couldn’t recall anything about baby food jars

6.What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A.Collision of Two Hearts B.Experiences of Two Families

C.An Unexpected Meeting D.The Harbour of the Heart

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I came home one day recently and, for reasons I don’t quite understand, my living room smelled like my grandmother’s house. Suddenly I felt as if I were 12 years old, happy and relaxed, sitting in her kitchen. I can remember what her house looked like, though it was sold 20 years ago – her three-level plant stand, the plates lining the walls, the window over her sink – but these visual memories don’t have the power that smell does. The funny thing is, I can’t even begin to describe the odor(气味) that was so distinctively hers. The best I can do is this: “It smelled like my grandmother’s house.”

It’s a common experience, and a common linguistic( 语言学的) problem. In cultures worldwide, people have powerful olfactory memories. This odor-memory link is also called “the Proust phenomenon,” after Marcel Proust’s famous description of the feelings aroused by a cake dipped in tea in “Remembrance of Things Past.”

Olfactory memories seem to be more closely bound up with emotions than are visual or auditory ones.

Not all these memories are pleasant, of course, and smells can also trigger feelings of pain.

It is surprisingly hard for English-speakers to describe the odors that occasion such strong emotions, however. English possesses almost no abstract smell words that pick out links or themes among unrelated aromas(芳香).

We have plenty of these in the visual field. “Yellow,” for example, identifies a characteristic that bananas, lemons, some cars, some flowers, old book pages, and the sun all share.

But for odors, we don’t have many more than the vague “musty” (smells old and stale) and “musky” (smells perfumey). We usually have no choice but to say that one thing smells like another – like a banana, like garlic, like diesel fuel.

A few languages, though, do have a rich odor vocabulary. Linguist Asifa Majid has found that the Jahai, the Semaq Beri, and the Maniq, hunter-gatherer groups in Malaysia and Thailand, employ a wide range of abstract smell words and can identify aromas as easily as we can colors. The Jahai have a word, for example, that describes “the seemingly dissimilar smell of petrol, smoke, bat poop, root of wild ginger and wood of wild mango.”

Last year my cat got sprayed by a skunk(臭鼬), and the vet told me to wash its face with coffee to cover the bad smell. Until then, I had never realized that coffee, which I find delicious, smells remarkably like skunk spray, which I do not.

Science has identified the chemicals that both share. They are called mercaptans (硫醇). But in oral English, we have no word for the underlying note that connects these two odors. If the Jahai drank coffee and encountered skunks, I bet they would.

1.The opening paragraph is mainly intended to .

A.express the writer’s affection for his grandmother

B.direct the readers’ attention to a linguistic problem

C.tell us the odor of the grandmother’s house stayed the same

D.prove smell has a greater power than visual memories

2.Which of the following is related to olfactory memories?

A.Forming an image in mind after seeing the word “injury”.

B.Feeling sympathetic when seeing a sick cat.

C.Dancing to the music upon hearing it played.

D.Missing fried eggs with garlic cooked by mum.

3.The example of the Jahai suggests that .

A.the Jahai don’t have many words in the visual field

B.English possesses many vague words like “musty” and “musky”

C.the Jahai has more abstract smell words than English

D.skunk and coffee have the same smell, but different functions

4.What can we learn from the passage?

A.The author feels pity about the limitation of his language.

B.English has a wide range of visual and odor vocabulary.

C.Olfactory memories can bring nothing but pleasant feelings.

D.Cultures worldwide always collide with each other.

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What would you do if you had invited friends to your house and they asked you for directions? Well, you could draw a map! And, if you did, you most likely would include your street and theirs, as well as the landmarks between the two. Using these places on the map as markers, your friends can then plan the best route to take.

Generally speaking, a map is an illustration of the earth’s surface, and a person who draws maps is called a cartographer. But how are maps made? In prehistoric times, hunters would sometimes draw their hunting territories on cave walls. In the millennia that followed, maps would have been painted by hand on various materials, including clay, ivory, and even the hide of an animal.

Fast forward to modern times. With the invention of such tools as compasses, telescopes, and sextants, cartographers were able to define and show distances much more accurately. Today, aerial photography, satellite images, and computer software such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have made mapmaking even more precise. For example, mapmakers are now able to illustrate the physical features of our earth. Using satellite images, they can create three-dimensional maps that exceptionally correct.

Do all maps show the same contents? No! There are many different types of maps. Physical maps give us views of the earth’s continents, mountains, forests, and waterways. Political maps identify countries and their boundaries. Economic maps offer information about the agricultural products or minerals found in a certain region. There are also maps that detail the climate or the population density in a particular location.

Of course, there are maps that offer details other than those connected with land masses. Nautical maps, for instance, are important tools for ship captains. They include information about the depth of the water, land formations along the coastline, navigational dangers, harbors, and bridges. They also provide data on tides and currents, as well as the earth’s magnetic field. Aeronautical maps help airplane pilots to determine position and altitude, and assist ground controllers in airport towers with planning and deciding the best route to a particular destination. In emergency situations, aeronautical maps can help responders locate an alternative landing area.

Today, people who have no special map training can observe the world from above without having to leave their homes. Most likely, you have used software such as Google Earth or Google Maps. Thanks to satellite images, we can now easily spot the smallest details of our house and environment by using the Internet. Not everyone, however, is fond of these tools, because their easy access may lead to violations of privacy. Lawmakers around the world are presently addressing this issue.

1.The author mentions inviting friends to your house at the beginning to indicate that ___ .

A.details in maps matter more than land masses

B.maps have a significant place in our life

C.planning routes is the key to reaching destinations

D.it is necessary to get satellite images accurately

2.Which of the following maps mainly focus on details?

A.Aeronautical maps. B.Political maps.

C.Climatic maps. D.Economic maps.

3.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A.To underline the importance of drawing maps.

B.To compare prehistoric maps and modern maps.

C.To appeal to address the issue of violations of privacy.

D.To introduce the development and functions of maps.

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1.The purpose of making an anemometer in this way is to __.

A.measure the unknown speed of winds on a certain day

B.develop the producer’s creative thinking

C.know better about the working principle of an anemometer

D.develop the practical ability to make handcrafts

2.Which of the following is true according to the instruction above?

A.An anemometer made in this way can only measure gentle winds.

B.The wind speed put next to the mark can be obtained from local media.

C.The end of the strip is taped into a loop to add support to the paper strip.

D.The cardboard and paper strip are used for measuring gusts and slow winds separately.

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A Colorado pair brings new meaning to the word “determination”. When one couldn’t walk and the other couldn’t see, they___ up to share their love of the great outdoors.

Melanie Knecht has to use a wheelchair to get around due to born spina bifida (脊柱裂). Trevor Hahn only recently became blind after he____ an eye disease five years ago. Both living in Fort Collins, Colorado, the two met at an adaptive boxing class — and they soon_____ each other again at an adaptive rock-climbing class.

They immediately____ over Knecht’s lifelong hobby of camping and Hahn’s passion for outdoor sports. When she told him about her recent trip to Easter Island, where she got the __________ to be carried on another person’s back, an unusual idea___ to her.

______his lost sight, he’d been able to scale a Himalayan peak, using poles and _______ directions from his companions.

They started small, but next month—with her vision and his____—they will trek to the top of a 14,000-foot mountain.

“It just seemed like common sense. He’s the legs, I’m the eyes!____, we’re the dream team.” said Knecht.

At the start of each hike, a friend lifts Knecht ________ a carrier on Hahn’s back. From that point on, she gives him oral directions to___ the way.

Hahn said, “It made me so happy to help someone experience what I’ve been able to experience my whole life. The___ part is being able to make her smile—that gives me_____.”

In addition to this sense of purpose, the two share an understanding of how___ it can be asking able-bodied or sighted people for assistance in everyday life. They get immeasurable______ from being able to do this on their own.

While the two accept that others___ what they’ve been able to do, they’re not looking for___ —they just want others to encourage inclusive and adaptive___ for their friends with disabilities. Don’t___ them because you think they won’t be able to do something.

1.A.rose B.made C.teamed D.ended

2.A.contracted B.cured C.spread D.diagnosed

3.A.learned from B.ran into C.corresponded with D.separated from

4.A.handed B.argued C.got D.bonded

5.A.opportunity B.competence C.permission D.honour

6.A.happened B.stuck C.took D.occurred

7.A.On account of B.In spite of C.On top of D.In view of

8.A.spoken B.opposite C.confusing D.gesturing

9.A.optimism B.strength C.guidance D.wisdom

10.A.Hopefully B.Instead C.Together D.Similarly

11.A.over B.up C.off D.into

12.A.get B.make C.lead D.smooth