听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

1.Who was the musical guest?

A.Lorde. B.Jimmy Fallon. C.Justin Timberlake.

2.What is Saturday Night Live?

A.A Broadway show. B.A dance performance. C.A television program.

3.Who did the silly dances?

A.Justin and Jimmy. B.Tina and Amy. C.Tina and Jimmy.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What will the man do this morning?

A.Drive the kids to school. B.Have a meeting. C.Meet the city leaders.

2.What is California’s main problem?

A.The price of water is too high.

B.The weather has been too rainy.

C.The winters have been too dry.

3.How much rain has fallen in the last two weeks?

A.Four inches. B.Nine inches. C.Ten inches.

4.What does the woman suggest they do in the end?

A.Travel to a famous desert.

B.Go skiing in the mountains.

C.Water the grass more often.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A.A storm. B.A dream. C.A movie.

2.What happened to the girl?

A.She got lost. B.She found a new land. C.She was saved by a dragon.

3.How can the man find out the dragon’s name?

A.By asking the woman. B.By searching online. C.By making a call.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.When did the speakers last see each other?

A.One year ago. B.Two years ago. C.Three years ago.

2.What was the woman doing in Asia?

A.Traveling. B.Studying Japanese. C.Teaching biology.

3.Who did the man marry?

A.A Japanese girl. B.His workmate. C.The woman’s classmate.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.When did the man open his Twitter account?

A.In 2005. B.In 2007. C.In 2009.

2.Where did the man work?

A.Twitter. B.IBM. C.LinkedIn.

On what day will the woman visit her mother?

A.Monday. B.Tuesday. C.Wednesday.

Where does the conversation take place?

A.In a hotel. B.At a bank. C.At a restaurant.

What is the woman writing on the form?

A.Her address. B.Her birth date. C.Her phone number.

What do we know about the snowman?

A.It was six feet tall.

B.It had a carrot nose.

C.It took the man seven hours to make it.

What will the woman do tomorrow?

A.See an eye doctor. B.Go to a bookstore. C.Buy a new cell phone.

Summary Writing

Blowing a Few Tops

Ever stopped to consider the upside of volcanic eruptions? It’s not all deaths, destruction and hot lava---scientists have a plan to cool the planet by simulating one. It would probably work, but it could have devastating consequence, and there is nothing to stop any country or company from deploying the technology.

Solar geo-engineering(气候工程) involves simulating an erupting volcano by spraying aerosols (气溶胶) into the atmosphere. When they combine with oxygen, droplets of acid form. These droplets reflect sunlight away from Earth, cooling the planet. All good in theory, but the consequences are largely unknown and a few could be disastrous. In a study recently published, researchers led by Anthony Jones, a climate scientist from the University of Exeter, found that using this technology in the Northern hemisphere could reduce the number of tropical cyclones hitting the U.S. and Caribbean. But there’s a worrying problem: more cyclones in the Southern hemisphere and a drought across the Sahel region of Africa. That’s because the entries climate system is linked--- disrupting one region will invariably affect another. How would a nation react if another was causing its weather to get much worse? Would that be an act of war?

There is, however, a case for using solar geo-engineering on a global case. Jones says it could be used to “take the edge of “the temperature increases scientists are predicting. It could be used while the world searches for more effective strategies.

The study also highlights a far bigger problem with solar geo-engineering: its complete lack of regulation. “There is nothing that could stop one country just doing it,” Jones says. “It’s deeply disturbing that we have this technology that could have such a massive influence in the climate, yet there’s just no regulation to stop countries or even organizations from doing it.”

Jones cautions that there is much about the climate system we do not understand, as well as more work that will need to be done before solar geo-engineering is deemed safe—or too dangerous to even discuss.

Translation

1.最低工资的不断提高可能会使雇主们不愿意雇佣缺乏经验的年轻人，他在阿里巴巴工作过五年， 所以在经验方面， 他较其他求职者而言有着明显的优势。 （ term ）

2.只有相关各方更多地关注青少年，他们才能形成正确的价值观，并且能够明白这样一个道理： 每个人都要为自己的决定负责，因为人生就是一系列的选择。 （Only ）

3.为了缓解市中心的交通的压力，当地政府年初公布了私家车使用的计划， 令大家满意的是政府采取的这项措施比预期更有效。 （release）

4.人们从来没有像今天这样如此关注他们的饮食， 意识到健康重要性的人们越来越关注食品安全与膳食均衡 的问题， 这是保持健康的关键。 （Never）

5.尽管经济不景气， 但我公司估计，今年的增长率仍会达到 6%， 多年以来，我公司一直致力于产品质量的管理，以期能够更好地服务于大众。 ( committed)

    How to protect children Web fans from unsuitable material on-line while encouraging them to use the Internet has long been discussed in the U.S.

1.. But jungles contain wonders as well as dangers and with good guides, some education, and a few precautions , the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated . “Kids have to be on-line. If we tell our kids they can’t have access(机会) to the Internet, we’re cutting them off from their future,” said an expert.

Most kids have started to use search engines. 2.. There are search engines designed just for kids. A certain software contains only sites that have been selected as safe. The most popular way to limit access would be to use what is known as a “content screener(过滤器)”. But this can’t be wholly reliable , and the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do on the Internet.3.

A few other tips

●Don’t put the PC in a child’s room but keep it in an area where mum or dad can keep an eye on things. That also makes the Internet more of a family activity.

●4.

●Tell your child not to give on-line strangers personal information, especially like address and phone number.

●And tell your children never to talk to anyone they meet on-line over the phone, send them anything, accept anything from them or agree to meet with them unless you go along.

A. Many of them are great for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locate places where you might not want your kids to go.

B. Another way is that mum or dad is nearby when the child is surfing the Internet.

C. Ask your child what he or she has been doing and about any friends they make on-line.

D. For some parents, the Internet can seem like a jungle, filled with danger for their children.

E. Most kids are taught to have started to use search engines.

F. Don’t give online strangers personal information.

    Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you had not planned to buy. But hunger is not the only culprit behind such purchases. The location of store displays also influences our shopping and may make or break some healthy eating habits.

The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food. Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks-and a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can shift customer behavior. A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves, for example, In 2014 Norwegain and Icelandic researcher likewise found that replacing unhealthy items with healthy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last-minutes sales of healthier foods.

These findings caught the attention of the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, which has been working with more than 1,000 store owners to encourage them to stock and promote consumption,” says Tamar Adjoian, a research scientist at the department. “Making healthy food more convenient or appealing can lead to increased sales of those products.”

Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city’s dense urban checkout areas, so they recruited three Bronx supermarkets for their own study. They gave one checkout line in each store a healthy makeover, replacing candy, cookies and other processed snacks with fruit , nuts and similar items containing 200 or fewer calories per serving. Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks.

Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed, just 4 precent bought anything from the checkout area. Among those who did, however, customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious items more than twice as often as those in the standard lines –and they bought unhealthy items 40 percent less often. The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior.

The potential impact may seem small, but Adjoian believes that converting more checkout lines would open customers’ eyes to nutritious, lower-calories foods. Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout areas throughout New York City.

1.The word “ culprit” in Para. 1 is closest in meaning to _____in the passage.

A.something to blame B.something related to culture

C.something that results D.something concealed

2.The findings of the 2012 study and the 2014 study proved that _____.

A.shops put great emphasis on increase in last-minute sales of food.

B.healthier options were rarely seen in company canteens or in supermarket.

C.customers’ shopping behavior could be changed by what is easily available.

D.sugary and salty snacks were among the most common items in checkout areas.

3.Why does the writer say “ the potential impact may seem small” in the last paragraph?

A.Only a little attention has been drawn to Adjoian’s research

B.Only several healthy items are displayed and then purchased.

C.Only three Bronx supermarkets have been involved in the study.

D.Only a small proportion of shoppers buy things from checkout areas.

4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A.Behavior that Matters B.Healthy See, Healthy Do

C.Changing Checkout Areas D.Shoppers and Their Needs

Speaking in Clicks

Click sounds, such as those found in some languages in Africa, make perfectly good consonants. So why do they appear so rarely in most human speech? One culprit may be anatomy(骨骼).

Previous studies have suggested that in some speakers of click languages, the alveolar ridge(齿龈) the rounded bump between the upper teeth and the roof of the mouth-is small or even absent. In recent research, Scott Moisik of Nanyang Technological University in Singapore and Dan Dediu of the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, built biomechanical models that simulated clicks in vocal tracts(声道) with alveolar ridges of varying sizes. Their results, published in January in the Journal of Language Evolution, showed a clear disadvantage for tracts with large edges. These allowed less air to be trapped in the mouth, requiring more muscular force to produce a click.

The authors interpret this finding as support for an anatomical bias against clicks. They believe the bias is probably weak at the individual level; people with large alveolar ridges can still learn click consonants or that their pronunciations may be wrong. Amplified over generations, this bias might explain why such consonants are so rarely found in language worldwide.

These results are not the first to challenge the traditional premise among linguists that language evolution is largely immune to external factors. Several other researchers have recently argued that geographical context, environmental conditions and genetics could all play a role. But Moisik and Dediu’s work goes a step further by singling out a single feature of human anatomy and quantifying its contribution to a particular type of speech sound.

Susanne Fuchs, senior researcher at the Leibniz Center of General Linguistics in Berlin, who was not involved in the work, says the study’s conclusions are valid. But she cautions that they may present a chicken-and-egg problem: “The palate( 味蕾) shape of an individual matures from early childhood to puberty and , may be affected by frequent productions of clicks,” Fuchs says, “Therefore, over the course of history, it may well be that vocal tract properties and click productions developed in parallel.

1.The underlined word “one culprit” in Paragraph 1 means _____.

A.something that must cause suffering

B.something that may be the cause

C.something that could be concluded

D.something that never happened before.

2.According to the findings by Moisik and Dediu, who can make click sounds easily?

A.People with a small or absent alveolar ridge.

B.People with strong muscles inside the mouth

C.People with a normal alveolar rid.

D.People with a large alveolar ridge.

3.Which of the following statements is true?

A.People with large alveolar ridges cannot learn click language.

B.Having less air trapped in the mouth makes it easier to produce a click.

C.Both Moisik and Dediu believe that language evolution is largely independent of external factors.

D.Language evolution may be subject to geographical context, environmental conditions and genetics.

4.What is Susanne Fuchs most likely to agree with?

A.The conclusions of the study by Moisik and Dediu are unreliable.

B.Vocal tract properties and click productions might evolve at the same time.

C.Frequent productions of clicks decide the palate shape of an individual.

D.The palate shape of an individual decides whether one can produce click sounds.

University Shotokan Karate Club

Learn Karate—self-defense and fitness

The university karate club was founded in 1962. All grades from beginners to advanced are welcome. The classes are suitable for both men and women and several women have obtained their black belt.

TUESDAY AND THURSDAY

6.00—8.00 p.m.

WEAVER HOUSE GYM

FIRST LESSON FREE

Hardly any of us have experienced real violence, but, over the last few years, attacks on innocent people have increased. Each of us has some ability to defend ourselves, and by learning a form of self-defence, we are not only increasing that ability, but also doing something to build our own sense of respect. Karate will show you a lot of simple and effective techniques to protect yourself, giving you increase self-confidence.

Far too many people think martial arts (武术) are about violence. Martial arts training is based on a lot of respect, self-discipline, self-control and non-violence. We learn basic etiquette, courtesy and tolerance. Good manners and consideration for others are expected at all times.

Karate is the practice of blocking and striking techniques for the purpose of self-defence, health and self-development. Karate exercises the entire body. Techniques are practised on both sides of the body, therefore muscle imbalances do not occur and the strength, coordination, flexibility and agility of both sides of the body are improved. Regular training in Karate improves the body’s physical endurance and flexibility. It also helps concentration and produces the mental calm and assurance that come from knowing we can defend ourselves.

Karate has many benefits but they do not come easily or overnight. Training requires ongoing commitment and hard work. Some of you will give up, but a few of you will get your black belt.

1.The passage is mainly intended to_________.

A.tell readers the benefits of Karate

B.attract readers to join the club

C.encourage people to get their black belt

D.correct people’s misunderstand of Karate

2.What can be learned about University Shotokan Karate Club?

A.More men than women have been its members.

B.It tests members to see what level they are at.

C.Members don’t need to pay for the lessons.

D.It offers 4 hours of lessons every week.

3.According to the passage, which of the following statements about Karate is true?

A.It cultivates people’s respect for themselves as well as for others.

B.It involves people’s arm muscles more than body muscles

C.It makes people healthy physically instead of mentally.

D.It focuses as much on self-defence as on attack.

    Every April I am troubled by the same concern -- that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing gray. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine 15 years ago. "Just wait," a neighbor advised. "You’ll wake up one morning and spring will just be here."

And look, on May 3 that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and green. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward.

Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree’s dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned（未经修剪的） abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple.

Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out with pruner to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches(门廊). These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens.

My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak. "You’re not cutting it down, are you?" she asked anxiously. Another neighbor frowned as I cut off a branch. "Don’t kill it, now," he warned. Soon half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people’s names, what they did for a living and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn’t help recalling Robert Frost’s words:

The trees that have it in their pent-up buds To darken nature and be summer woods One thaw led to another. Just the other day I saw one of my neighbors at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood. And then, he looked at me and said, "We need to prune that apple tree again."

1.By saying that “my spirits ebb” (Para. 1), the author means that _____.

A.he feels relieved B.he feels blue

C.he is surprised D.he is tired

2.The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to _____.

A.be regarded as a delight in the neighborhood

B.have been abandoned by its original owner

C.have been neglected by everyone in the community

D.be appealing only to the author

3.According to Para. 4, why did the neighbors open their windows and step onto their porches?

A.They were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the tree.

B.They wanted to prevent the author from pruning the tree

C.They were concerned about the safety of the tree

D.They wanted to get to know the author

4.It can be inferred that the author’s neighbor mentioned in the last paragraph most cared about _____.

A.when spring would arrive B.how to pass the long winter

C.the neighborhood gathering D.the pruning of the apple tree

    Saddleworth Moor in the north of England is a bare place. It seemed almost wired to me, then, that anyone should _____ the building of seven wind turbines( 风力发电机) to produce clean, renewable energy. Surely this was the perfect place to situate them--- basically dull, unattractive to tourists and ----- _____ ---windy. Yet Saddleworth is becoming another battleground in an increasingly confusing _____ over wind farming and the future of the planet.

Typical of this confusion is hearing Professor David Bellamy _____ the fight against wind farms. I had always thought of Professor Bellamy as an environmentalist had made the _____ assumption that he would be a natural supporter of wind power. However, on reflection, Bellamy would be better described as a conservationist, whose main aim is to preserve natural habitats of plants and animals from destruction, rather than a(n) _____ on climate change. He has fought against other renewable energies that _____ wildlife and wildness, and has described the wind turbines as weapons of mass destruction killing birds and bats.

Bellamy, along with other opponents, has argued the wind farms are in fact _____, and are only commercially successfully because they are so heavily funded. This argument has been put forward by several newspaper commentators recently , who have then gone to _____ nuclear power. This doesn’t take into account years of _____ from Greens who claim that nuclear power is both expensive and dangerous. And yet nuclear energy has recently been _____ by a leading green scientist , Professor James Lovelock, who was one of the first to draw attention to the problem of climate change. He argues that renewable energy such as wind simply cannot provide sufficient electricity for our energy needs.

And so it goes on. There are so many _____ claims, each apparently fronted by some outstanding scientists and backed up by a lot of statics. So who’s actually right? What’s the right solution? What _____ me is that we will take so long in deciding that it will be too late. The damage will have been done. Yet what I also _____ is how convenient these conflicting arguments are. We can avoid making any changes to our personal lifestyles by just doing nothing. Global warming isn’t down to me going to Barcelona by air for the weekend or having a dishwasher or driving everywhere; no, it’s because those people in Saddleworth won’t let us build our _____!

1.A.take over B.call for C.look into D.object to

2.A.vice versa B.or rather C.above all D.to date

3.A.debate B.concern C.advantage D.control

4.A.leading B.reporting C.watching D.abandoning

5.A.cautious B.basic C.common D.false

6.A.expert B.campaigner C.commentator D.columnist

7.A.exploited B.threatened C.restored D.attracted

8.A.unaided B.unfriendly C.uneconomic D.unbalanced

9.A.produce B.praise C.eliminate D.research

10.A.intentions B.passions C.opinions D.protest

11.A.advocated B.rejected C.proposed D.overlooked

12.A.expected B.successful C.conflicting D.personal

13.A.relieves B.amazes C.disappoints D.worries

14.A.predict B.recognize C.question D.ski

15.A.wind farms B.power plants C.animal habitats D.nuclear engines

    Today, home-ownership has reached extremely high levels. Modern generations tend to believe there is something wrong with them 1. they rent. However, is high home-ownership really as people imagine？2. (stare) at data first, we realize that the most successful, stable, attractive country in the Western world is Switzerland. It has tiny unemployment; wealth; high happiness and mental-health scores. Does it have high home-ownership rates? Absolutely not. In Switzerland, about seven in ten of the population are renters. Yet, with Europe’s 3. (low) home-ownership rate, the nation thrives. Now go to the other end of the misery distribution. Spain has approximately the highest home-ownership rate in Europe （at more than 80%）. But one-quarter of its population are unemployed.

A likely reason is that high levels of home-ownership mess up the labour market. In a sensibly functioning economy it is easy for people to move around to drop into the vibrant job slots 4. (throw) up by technological change. With a high degree of owner-occupation, everything slows. Folk get stuck. Renters can go to new jobs. In that way they do the economy a favours. 5. Friedman said, the rate of unemployment depends on the flexibility of the housing market.

Next we come to economic breakdown. Most analysts accept that at heart it was the housing market-obsessive pursuit of homes, the engendered mortgage（房贷） lending and an unavoidable house-price crash--- 6. sank the Western world. Germany, say, with its more efficient rental market, had a far smoother ride through trouble.

As for the monetary system, in the past few decades, in the hope of getting untaxed capital gains way above their true labour earnings, many people threw their spare cash into buying larger houses or building extra bedrooms. TV programmes about how to make easy money, beautiful rising house prices, and most importantly, our faulty tax system encouraged that. When 7. some point market broke down, everyone suffered. Our countries ought, instead, to design tax systems that encourage people to invest in productive real activities and in innovation. Renting leaves money free for better purposes. That also points to the role of sensible budgeting over a person’s lifetime. Why should we think that when we die it is necessary 8. (pay) off an entire house？

Our children do not deserve it. Let them pay for themselves. We 9. rent-and enjoy our lives with the money saved.

Finally, moderation usually pays off. Our scientific understanding of how economies function is horribly limited. This suggests that the golden rule should be to avoid extremes. A50-50mix of home-ownership and renting, not the 70-30split that is now observed in so many Western nations, 10. (make) sense.

    There is a tendency to think of each of the arts as 1. separate area of activity. Many artists, however, would prove 2. there has always been a warm relationship between the a warm relationship areas of human activity. For example, in the late nineteenth century the connections between music and painting were especially close. Artists 3. (invite) to design clothes and settings for operas and ballets, 4. sometimes it was the musicians who were inspired by the work of contemporary painters. Of the musical compositions as responses to the visual arts, perhaps the most famous is Mussorgsky’s Pictures at an Exhibition.

Mussorgsky composed the piece in 1874 after the death, at the age of 39, of the artist Victor Hartman. 5. their friendship had not been a particularly long-lasting one, Mussorgsky was shocked by Hartmann’s unexpected death. The following year the critic, Vladimir Stasov, 6. decided to told an exhibition of Hartmann’s work, suggested  that Mussorgsky 7. (try) to relieve his grief by writing something in memory of Hartmann.

The exhibition served as Mussorgsky’s inspiration. The ten pieces that make up Pictures at an Exhibition 8. (intend) as symbols rather than representation of the paintings in the exhibition. Between each is a promenade (舞曲中的行进), as the composer walks from one painting to 9. The music is sometimes witty and playful, sometimes almost alarming and frightening. Thought a range of surprising contrasts, Mussorgsky manages 10. (convey) the spirit of the artist and his work.

最近，你们班来了一位新同学Alice，她来自美国，很不适应集体宿舍的生活，因此感到非常苦恼。作为班长(李娟)，你打算帮助她尽快适应集体生活，因此给她写了一封建议信。要点如下：

1. 宿舍生活是学校生活的重要部分；

2. 遵守校规，如按时作息等；

3. 学会与同学们交流与分享；

4. 和谐的宿舍生活很重要。

词数：100左右。

参考词汇：harmonious和谐的

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

短文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限二词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Simon’s father bought him the new bike the day before yesterday, which made him very exciting. Then he began to ride it fast on the road. Seeing a man getting closely to him, Simon couldn’t stop it and as a result, he knock into the man. Being very kind, so the man didn’t scold him at all. Instead, he told him how dangerously it was to ride a bike so fast. He asked him to keep the lesson in mind. Simon felt regretful but ashamed. He promised keep the lesson in mind forever. Then, the man bent on and began to repair his bike. After a while, he got them repaired. Simon was greatly moved. He thanked the man and left happily.

阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Nigeria is a country in West Africa. It has 1. population of over 180 million, making it the most populous country in Africa. Nigeria is famous 2. crude oil, music and fashion.

Last year I volunteered in Nigeria for 7 months. My role was to set up youth clubs in primary and secondary schools. The purpose of the youth clubs was 3. (teach) children life skills such as teamwork, science and maths. It was a(n) 4. (enjoy) experience. I got to help other people and learn about Nigerian culture first-hand. In particular I learnt about Nigerian clothing and languages.

As well as 5. (wear) Western clothing, such as jeans and T-shirts, Nigerians also wear traditional clothing. Traditional clothing 6. (be) bold with bright colours, eye-catching patterns (图案) and unique shapes. Nigerians wear traditional clothing on Fridays and Sundays, and for special occasions like weddings. They either make the clothes themselves or have them 7. (make) by a tailor (裁缝).

The official language in Nigeria is English. English 8. (introduce) to Nigeria when Nigeria became part of the British Empire in 1901. English is 9. (main) spoken in big cities. Outside of these cities people speak lots of other languages. In fact, there are over 500 languages 10. are spoken in Nigeria. These languages come from different ethnic (种族的) groups.

    I worked on boats for twenty­five years. Now I am a docking pilot(码头领航员). My job is to _____ in the large luxury liners(邮轮) and stay with them until they are _____ stopped in the harbour. Sometimes this requires two tugs(拖船), sometimes many more,  _____ the tide and the weather.

Most of you no _____ have seen these tugs pushing and pulling at the big liners. What they are doing doesn't seem to make much _____,_as the minute the big boat is alongside the port, her heavy rope made fast, the job is _____.

I felt very _____ after I had docked several of the large liners. I realized I was in _____ of a great ship worth millions of dollars and the _____ were depending on me to bring her safely to the port. These tugs, whether one or ten, ______ about in accord with(与……一致) whistle signals I ______ them from the bridge of the big liner. These signals make up a language that is just as ______ as the spoken word, or even more so, ______ our docking signals are hardly misunderstood. The captain of each tug does his work according to the signals he ______. He never asks questions. He takes ______ faithfully, and it ______ works out.

Working around tugboats, where so much depends on ______,_has had its effect on what I believe. I believe that if I am to attain a(n) ______ place in the world I must have the help of my fellow men just as the great transatlantic(横越大西洋的) liners depend on the ______ of the little tugs to bring them safely to the ______.

1.A.put B.push C.bring D.join

2.A.safely B.dangerously C.immediately D.illegally

3.A.adding to B.letting alone C.thinking of D.depending on

4.A.wonder B.doubt C.need D.exception

5.A.sense B.profit C.progress D.advance

6.A.prepared B.lost C.planned D.done

7.A.bored B.meaningless C.important D.tired

8.A.control B.praise C.defence D.place

9.A.clerks B.sportsmen C.readers D.owners

10.A.look B.move C.hear D.worry

11.A.write B.send C.mail D.bring

12.A.dependable B.incredible C.doubtful D.visible

13.A.though B.if C.while D.because

14.A.gives B.spreads C.receives D.passes

15.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything

16.A.never B.ever C.always D.seldom

17.A.imagination B.creation C.teamwork D.performance

18.A.successful B.frustrating C.regretful D.embarrassing

19.A.prevention B.help C.objection D.delay

20.A.airport B.station C.port D.stop

How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot

Eating a Chinese hot pot is a very common experience. People gather around the pot, dipping their food, waiting for it to cook, mixing their own seasonings (调味品) and enjoying each other's company. 1.

Firstly, prepare a large pot of soup. There is no right or wrong way to prepare a soup, so feel free to make your own. A simple soup can be made by boiling water with the addition of meat bones or fish heads and a mixture of herbs, seasonings and vegetables.

Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices.2.. Choose any food that you enjoy. Some common choices for Chinese hot pot include thin pieces of beef, pork, lamb and so on. You can make your hot pot using the more traditional method of using the meats and seafood that are local to you. Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables. 3. Mushrooms of all kinds are also common to Chinese hot pot preparations.

4.At home, a single hot pot would work well up to 4-8 people depending on the size of the pot. Make sure everyone is sitting in a circle and has easy access to everything on the table. Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. 5.!

A. Finally, arrange the seating reasonably

B. Now comes the turn to enjoy your hot pot

C. It will guarantee that the items will cook quickly and fully

D. Here are some easy steps to make a Chinese hot pot at home

E. For more variety, consider dumplings, rice cakes and tangyuan

F. Popular choices include: cabbage, pea leaves, winter melon and tomato

G. It usually lasts a couple of hours because you are cooking and eating in small parts

    They go up and they go down. They take people from one floor of a building to the exact same spot on another floor. A new technology will break elevators free from their vertical (垂直的) prisons, allowing them to move side to side, at an angle (角度), even go outside into a city. German company Thyssenkrupp has developed a new kind of elevator that uses maglev (磁悬浮) technology to move elevator cabins. Called Multi, these elevators are no longer limited to a single vertical path.

A funny thing happens when elevators can go anywhere. Tall buildings, which are designed to work around elevators, can start taking on different shapes. They can go wide, add towers or go in unusual directions, and make room for green spaces that otherwise would have been an inconvenience. A single elevator can run from the east side of the first floor to the far west side of the 30th, no transferring or walking necessary. It gets even more interesting when an elevator leaves the building. Patrick Bass, Thyssenkrupp’s North America CEO, has worked in the elevator industry for 26 years. He thinks these elevators will create new transportation networks to support the cities of the future. As more people go into cities, there’s a renewed interest in creating energy efficient spaces. Moving people around quickly is a huge part of that.

He imagines Multi working perfectly with other Thyssenkrupp technology like the Accel moving walkway. Accel, which also uses maglev technology, speeds up after you step on and can go twice the speed of a regular moving walkway. It was the first use of maglev technology outside of a train. The Accel is already in use in some cities now.

1.Compared with traditional elevators, Multi can __________.

A.go more smoothly B.go in any directions

C.go up and down freely D.go directly from floor to floor

2.What will happen to buildings with Multi?

A.They will hold more people.

B.They will become much higher.

C.They will be in different shapes.

D.They will be connected to one another.

3.In what way can Multi support cities of the future?

A.They save space in cities.

B.They help avoid the rush hours.

C.They help people save money.

D.They help move people around quickly.

4.Why is the Accel mentioned in the last paragraph?

A.To show how Multi works.

B.To show the importance of the Accel.

C.To tell us other products by Thyssenkrupp.

D.To explain the wide use of maglev technology.

    The brain is a remarkable part.It's responsible for thoughts and feelings.Now a new study finds that going through tough times as a kid also can have an impact.The adult brains of people who lived through lots of stress before the age of six—and then became depressed or anxious as teenagers—were different compared with adults who had an easier childhood.It seems that teens changed the shape of their brains by internalizing (使内在化) the stresses experienced years earlier.

Researchers already knew that the shape and size of a child's brain can change in response to lots of stress.They also knew that adults were more likely to be depressed if，as kids，they'd lived in poverty.Some studies showed that these depressed adults had unusual changes in their brain shape.But no one had tested if the early stress and later brain changes were linked.

Scientists in England studied almost 500 boys from birth until the ages of 18 to 21.Sarah Jensen is one of the new study's authors.Almost all of the boys her team studied experienced some hard times as kids.And，she concludes，“This is not necessarily harmful.”To some extent，that's just life.What can be dangerous，she says，is when children experience too many forms of difficulties.Her team's new data suggest that the tougher the childhood，the stronger the impact on the brain might be.

What's happening in the world around us relates to how we feel.Her team linked more childhood stress to more depression.Still，she notes，it's possible that if you find support for anxiety or depression，you might be able to prevent the changes seen here.“If you can change the environment，you can change the course of things，”Sarah says.So，she recommends，if teens develop anxiety or depression，it's good to ask for psychological doctors to give advice.

1.When people had a hard childhood，        ．

A.they will have a brave attitude to life

B.their way of thinking may be strange

C.they will be good at dealing with stress

D.the shape of their brain may be changed

2.What is the breakthrough of the new research?

A.The size of the brain can change.

B.The brain can be influenced by stress.

C.Poverty can affect the brain's shape in future.

D.Changes in brain are connected with earlier hardship.

3.It's a problem when children         ．

A.had a lonely childhood

B.led a peaceful childhood

C.got different kinds of hardship

D.experienced limited hard times

4.For teenagers with anxiety，Sarah suggests                   .

A.they adapt to their life

B.they seek professional help

C.they talk to friends or relatives

D.they become confident and optimistic

    Londoners are great readers. They buy vast numbers of newspapers and magazines and even of books—especially paperbacks, which are still comparatively cheap in spite of ever-increasing rises in the costs of printing. They still continue to buy ‘proper’ books, too, printed on good paper and bound between hard covers.

There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in book-selling. Perhaps the best known of these is Charing Cross Road in the very heart of London. Here bookshops of all sorts and sizes are to be found, from the celebrated one which boasts of being ‘the biggest bookshop in the world’ to the tiny, dusty little places which seem to have been left over from Dickens’ time. Some of these shops stock, or will obtain, any kind of book, but many of them specialize — in second-hand books, in art books, in foreign books, in books on philosophy(哲学), politics or any other of the myriad subjects about which books may be written. One shop in this area specializes solely in books about ballet.

Although it may be the most convenient place for Londoners to buy books, Charing Cross Road is not the cheapest. For the really cheap second-hand volumes, the collector must venture(冒险) off the beaten path, to Farringdon Road, for example, in the East Central district of London. Here there is nothing so grand as bookshops. Instead, the booksellers come along each morning and tip out their sacks of books on to small barrows(手推车) which line the gutters(贫民区). And the collectors, some professional and some amateur(业余爱好者)have been waiting for them. In places like this one can still, occasionally, pick up for a few pence an old volume that may be worth many pounds.

1.According to the passage, we can infer that __________.

A.Londoners like borrowing books from libraries

B.Londoners like buying books, magazines and newspapers

C.Londoners like reading books in libraries

D.Londoners don't like buying ‘proper’ books.

2.Charing Cross Road which is well-known for ________ lies in the __________ of London.

A.bookstores, East Central district B.publishing houses, downtown

C.Bookshops, center D.libraries, countryside

3.The underlined word “solely” in the second paragraph means__________.

A.wholly B.partly

C.jointly D.seldom

4.The third paragraph mainly tells us _________in London.

A.where to buy the dear new books

B.where to buy the cheap new books

C.where to buy the cheap second-hand books

D.where to buy the dear second-hand books

Zoos give people a chance to get close to animals from every continent in the world. But zoos that offer more than just a chance to see animals are worth visiting. Singapore Zoo

At Singapore Zoo, enjoy breakfast while a family of orangutans (猩猩) sits nearby enjoying theirs. A zookeeper tells the breakfast crowd about each member of the family. Or join the Wild Discoverer tour for a detailed look at some of the animals.

Bronx Zoo

The Bronx Zoo in New York City houses 6,000 animals. Those who want to sleep with zebras (斑马) have a chance at this zoo. Special overnight journeys allow families to camp out on the zoo grounds and meet some amazing animal guests.

Taronga Zoo

The Taronga Zoo in Sydney, Australia offers special animal contact. Visitors can see a koala up close, feed a giraffe or hold a reptile. For those who want to learn what it’s like to work at a zoo, Taronga offers a “Keeper for A Day” program for anyone over 18 years old.

San Diego Zoo

At Southern California’s San Diego Zoo, animals live in natural-looking areas. Wildlife photography (摄影) lovers can take a class to learn the secrets of photographing animals. The zoo offers people opportunities to meet a lion or feed a rhino. The zookeepers also teach people how to talk to the animals so they will talk back.

1.Where can you breakfast with orangutans?

A. At Bronx Zoo.    B. At Taronga Zoo.

C. At Singapore Zoo.    D. At San Diego Zoo.

2.The “Keeper for A Day” program is intended for .

A. animal protectors    B. wildlife researchers

C. adults working with keepers    D. adults interested in keepers’ life

3.At San Diego Zoo, you can .

A. sleep with lions or rhinos

B. join the Wild Discoverer tour

C. camp out overnight on the zoo grounds

D. have a better communication with animals

假设你是李华, 你的英国朋友Tom要来你校任教。为了方便，他打算在学校附近租房子，发来邮件向你咨询合适的房源。请你根据下表提供的信息回复邮件。

注意：1.词数不少于100。

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3.邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：公寓apartment

Dear Tom,

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua