There is a basic assumption in international law     a state will protect its citizens.

A.what B.that C.which D.where

As Trump's policy on China remains highly uncertain and unpredictable, any unfriendly restrictions placed on Chinese firms in the future cannot be     .

A.ruled out. B.laid out C.figured out D.mapped out

    it were approved, the bill would be no more than a tentative measure.

A.As long as B.Now that C.As though D.Even if

    education that it is now at the top of the agenda.

A.So vital the authority finds B.So vital does the authority find.

C.So vitally the authority finds D.So vitally does the authority find

Waller-Bridge has incredibly reached the heights of her profession     she has faced down barriers, overcome difficult odds, and lived the American dream.

A.which B.where C.when D.what

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

1.What is the most important in looking for an apartment?

A.Enough time. B.Lots of patience. C.A little preparation.

2.What does the speaker suggest people do first?

A.Spare some lime. B.Decide the price range. C.Think about the facilities

3.What should people consider first when picking out apartments?

A.Location. B.Price. C.Traffic.

4.What may disappoint people?

A.All the great apartments are expensive.

B.It will take a long time to find a perfect apartment.

C.Apartments don't look as good as described on the website.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What does the woman want to find out?

A.The suitable work for the man.

B.The information on building。

C.The nearby workplace.

2.What are the man's interests?

A.Buying and selling things.

B.Building and repairing things.

C.Repairing and collecting things.

3.What has the man been doing this year?

A.Delivering newspapers.

B.Helping build a house.

C.Selling advertising space.

4.In which column does the woman write down “sales”?

A.“Education”. B.“Interests”. C.“Experience”.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What's the date today?

A.August 17th. B.August 27th. C.September 5th.

2.Why is the woman going to China?

A.To be on business. B.To take a vacation. C.To visit her relatives.

3.What surprises the woman?

A.Amanda's visit. B.The first-class flight. C.An amazing travel book.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.How does the woman help the man?

A.By opening the door for him.

B.By carrying the box for him.

C.By putting the books into the box.

2.What will the speakers do in the evening?

A.Do some shopping. B.Visit their aunt. C.Go to the cinema.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What happened to the man?

A.He had a terrible weekend.

B.He was hit by a car.

C.He fell off his bike

2.How is the bike now?

A.It is in good shape. B.It is under repair. C.It is completely damaged

What does the woman suggest the man do?

A.Buy neither of the two items.

B.Save money for a better laptop.

C.Make a quick decision.

What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A.A festival. B.Foods. C.TV programs.

How many people will go to the park?

A.2. B.3. C.4.

Who catches the fish?

A.Jason. B.The man. C.The woman.

What did the woman plan to do this weekend?

A.Have a swim. B.Camp in the mountains. C.Go hiking.

假定你是李华。最近你从北京奥委会官网得知，北京奥组委在全国范围内招募2022年冬奥会志愿者(volunteer)。你有意申请，请根据写作要点，用英文写一封应征邮件。

1. 表达应征的意愿；

2. 陈述应征的目的；

3.  陈述自身的条件。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Sir/ Madam,

I’m Li Hua, a high school student from China.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Jack,

I am extreme happy to know you are coming to our school next semester as the exchange student. I even can’t wait to meet you.

When it comes to learn traditional Chinese painting, you are very lucky. Our school had established various optional courses, Chinese painting including. The students meet on every Wednesday afternoon from 3pm. to 5pm. With a professional teacher’s help, not only you improve your skill, but also you will make many friends. That you have to do is register on our website. Besides, tools like Chinese brush, ink and paper is also necessary.

If there is anything else I can help, don’t hesitate to let me know. Looking forward to your arrival.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

The British have many traditions but there is nothing more typical than taking afternoon tea. We know the Brits have a deep love for tea, with more than 160 million cups 1. (drink) every day, but it was the invention of afternoon tea 2. turned tea-drink into a popular pastime.

This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea 3. (comfortable) while nibbling (小口吃) on nice sandwiches, scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes. And, of course, it can only happen in the afternoon! Afternoon tea, which 4. (design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, dates back to the 1840s. It went on to become  5. fashionable social occasion for the upper classes.

Now there is a resurgence (复苏) in its 6. (popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it. 7. it can be enjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel or café. But if you’re thinking of visiting such a place 8. (enjoy) an afternoon, remember the rules you must follow to avoid 9. (ask) to leave.

Writer Henry James once noted that “there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour spent on the ceremony10. is known as afternoon tea.” I’m sure once you have tried it, you will agree.

    I wrote my first poem at the age of seven and showed it to my mother. She read and cried, “Buddy, you really wrote a beautiful poem!”

Shyly but_______, I said yes. She poured out her______. “It was nothing short of talent!”

“What time will Father be home?” I asked. I could hardly wait to______my work to him. I spent quite some time________for his arrival. I wrote the poem out in my finest handwriting, drew a fancy border around it and______I placed it right on my father’s plate on the dining table. I was sure he would be able to_______my poem.

At almost 7 o’clock my father burst in. He seemed_______. He circled the dining-room table, complaining about his employees.

Suddenly he paused and glared at his plate. “What is this?” He was reaching for my poem.

“Ben, Buddy has written his first poem!” my mother began. “And it’s beautiful, absolutely amaz…”

“If you don’t mind, I’d like to decide for myself.” Father said.

I_______my head as he read that poem. It was only ten lines. But it seemed to take hours. Then I heard him dropping the poem back on the table. Now came the moment of______.

“I think it’s terrible,” he said. I couldn’t look up. My eyes were getting______.

“Ben, these are the first lines of poetry he’s ever written,” my mother was saying. “He needs_______.”

“I don’t know why.” My father insisted. “Isn’t there enough awful poetry in the world already?”

I couldn’t_______it another second. I ran from the dining room crying. Up in my room I________myself on the bed and cried the worst of the_______out of me.

That may have been the end of the story, but not of its______on me. I realized how _______ I had been. I had a mother who said, “I think it’s wonderful!” and a father who said “I think it’s________.”

Every one of us needs that kind of encouragement, but encouragement alone is ________. We also needs the _______of criticism, which always pushes us for the _____, both in the name of love.

1.A.entirely B.proudly C.anxiously D.honestly

2.A.dislike B.shock C.attitude D.praise

3.A.predict B.describe C.show D.introduce

4.A.waiting B.preparing C.hiding D.planning

5.A.deliberately B.gradually C.confidently D.casually

6.A.appreciate B.change C.replace D.polish

7.A.relaxed B.calm C.delighted D.upset

8.A.shook B.lowered C.raised D.turned

9.A.decision B.excitement C.choice D.silence

10.A.dark B.wide C.wet D.bright

11.A.development B.judgment C.encouragement D.adjustment

12.A.hate B.help C.find D.stand

13.A.threw B.seated C.put D.kept

14.A.anger B.pressure C.disappointment D.joy

15.A.challenge B.effort C.difficulty D.influence

16.A.fortunate B.cruel C.sad D.unique

17.A.excellent B.awful C.fluent D.strange

18.A.enough B.great C.useful D.incomplete

19.A.failure B.balance C.exchange D.patience

20.A.happier B.sweeter C.better D.harder

七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。What do the world’s most successful people all have in common?By examining the work habits of over 150 greatest writers and artists and scientists, the researchers including Standford Professor Jeffrey Pfeffer found that high achievers like Robert Moses turn out to be all alike:Busy ! Busy! 1. In a study of general managers in industry, John Kotter reported that many of them worked 60 to 65 hours per week—which translates into at least six 10-hour days. The ability and willingness to work difficult and tiring hours has characterized many powerful figures. Energy and strength provide many advantages to those seeking to build power.Just Say No!The difference between successful people and very successful people is that very successful people say “no” to almost everything. And that’s what gives them the time to accomplish so much.  2. And focus means saying “no” to a lot of distractions (分神). Know What You Are!Ignore your weakness and keep improving your strengths. Don’t waste time exploring skill areas where you have little competence. Instead, focus on—and build on—your strengths.  3. Create Good Luck!Luck is not magical—there is a science to it. Richard Wiseman studied lucky people for his book Luck Factor, and broke down what they do right.  4. By being more outgoing, open to new ideas, following the feeling that something is true, being optimistic, lucky people create possibilities.Does applying these principles to your life actually work? Wiseman created a “luck school” to test the ideas—and it was a success. In total, 80 percent of people who attended Luck School said that their luck had increased.  5.

Dyslexia is a problem that restricts the ability to recognize words and connect sounds with letters when people read. People with this learning disorder may also have problems when they write. Dyslexia is not related to eyesight or intelligence. The problem involves areas of the brain that process language. Brain scientists are studying whether they can predict which young children may struggle with reading to provide them with early help. John Gabrieli at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is leading the study of five-year-olds in about twenty schools in the Boston area.

They studied in the schools with kindergartens. And for all the children joining in the study, they give them a brief set of paper-and-pencil tests to look at which children appear to be at some risk for struggling to read. So far, fifty of them have been examined in a scanner, a special machine, to show brain activity. Written tests are not always able to identify dyslexia or other problems, while brain scans may offer a more scientific way to identify problems. And with reading problems, early identification is important. When it comes to helping children overcome reading difficulties, the younger the child, the more effective they are.

Reading problems are not usually identified until a child is in the third or fourth grade. The later children are recognized as poor readers, the less treatment can help. And, as Professor Gabrieli points out, poor reading can make education a struggle. Reading is everything. Even math and science have textbooks.

While the children are given tasks related to reading, the brain scans measure the extent to which certain parts of the brain become active while the children do the work. The scientists say they are pleased with early results from the study, but have a long way to go.

1.Dyslexia affects the part of brain concerning ________.

A.eyesight B.intelligence C.language D.emotion

2.Dyslexia problems are more likely to be identified through ________.

A.speech contests B.reading efficiency

C.listening comprehension D.brain scans

3.According to the passage, which of the followings has the best time to overcome reading difficulties?

A.Tom, a boy in the kindergarten.

B.Kate, a high school leaver.

C.Jane, a primary school student.

D.Steve, a man in his thirties.

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A.An effective way to identity Dyslexia at an early stage.

B.A learning disorder involving one’s intelligence.

C.Dyslexia — a problem affecting one’s reading and writing.

D.A possible solution to the problems related to Dyslexia.

    A machine that takes sweat-laden (浸满汗水的) clothes and turns the sweat into drinking water is in use in Sweden. The machine makes the clothes turn round quickly, heats them to remove the sweat, and then passes the steam through a kind of special material to make purified water.

Since it has been brought into use, its creators say more than 1000 people have drunk others’ “sweat” in Gothenburg. They add the liquid is cleaner than local tap water.

The device was built for the United Nations’ child-focused charity UNICEF to promote a campaign highlighting the fact that 780 million people in the world lack access to clean water.

The machine was designed and built by the engineer Andreas Hammar, known locally for his appearances on TV tech show “Mekatronik”. He said the key part of the sweat machine was a new water purification part developed by a company named HVR.

“It uses a technique called membrane distillation (膜蒸馏),” he told the BBC. “We use a special kind of material that only lets steam through but keeps bacteria, salts, clothing fibers and other things out. They have something similar to the International Space Station, but our machine is cheaper to build. The amount of water it produces depends on how sweaty the person is, but one person’s T-shirt typically produces 10ml, about a mouthful.”

The device has been put on show at the Gothia Cup-the world’s largest international youth football tournament. Mattias Ronge, chief executive of Stockholm-based advertising agency Deportivo, said the machine had helped raise awareness for UNICEF, but in reality had its limitations.

“People haven’t produced as much sweat as we hoped – right now the weather in Gothenburg is lousy,” Mattias Ronge said. “So we’ve equipped the machine with exercise bikes and volunteers are cycling like crazy. Even so, the demand for sweat is greater than the supply. And the machine will never be produced in large numbers, since there are better solutions out there such as water purifying pills.”

1.Which of the following is the disadvantage of the sweat machine?

A.The amount of water the machine produces is rather limited.

B.It takes too long for the machine to produce water.

C.It costs a large amount of money to build the machine.

D.The water processed by the machine is not clean enough.

2.UNICEF is mentioned in the text to ________.

A.show how the sweat machine works

B.show the importance of the United Nations

C.explain why the sweat machine was invented

D.tell us who invented the sweat machine

3.What did Mattias Ronge think of the sweat machine?

A.It could only be used in summer.

B.It was not worth popularizing.

C.It did not work at all.

D.The water it produced tasted sweet.

4.The text is written mainly to tell us that ______________.

A.780 million people in the world lack access to clean water

B.a machine which turns sweat into drinking water is invented

C.a better solution to purifying dirty water is discovered

D.the pill which turns dirty water into clean water is produced

    Raised in a fatherless home, my father was extremely strict with us children. His attitude didn’t soften as I grew into adulthood and went to college. I had to ride the bus whenever I came home. Though the bus stopped about two miles from home, Dad never met me, even in severe weather. If I spoke unhappily, he’d say in his loudest father-voice, “That’s what your legs are for!”

The walk didn’t bother me as much as the fear of walking alone along the highway and country roads. I also felt less than valued that my father didn’t seem concerned about my safety. But that feeling disappeared one spring evening.

It had been a particularly difficult week at college after long hours in labs. I longed for home. When the bus reached the stop, I stepped off and dragged my suitcase to begin the long journey home.

A row of hedge(树篱) edged the driveway that climbed the hill to our house. Once I had turned off the highway to start the last lap of my journey, I always had a sense of relief to see the hedge because it meant that I was almost home. On that particular evening, the hedge had just come into view when I saw something gray moving along the top of the hedge, moving toward the house. Upon closer observation, I realized it was the top of my father’s head. Then I knew, each time I’d come home, he had stood behind the hedge, watching, until he knew I had arrived safely. I swallowed hard against the tears. He did care, after all.

On later visits, that spot of gray became my watchtower. I could hardly wait until I was close enough to watch for its secret movement above the greenery. Upon reaching home, I would find my father sitting innocently in his chair. “So! My son, it’s you!” he’d say, his face lengthening into pretended surprise. I replied, “Yes, Dad, it’s me. I’m home.”

1.We can infer from the text that_______.

A.the author’s grandfather had a deep influence on his father

B.the author’s father knew that his son had found out his secret

C.the author’s attitude towards his father changed one spring evening

D.the author’s father often criticized his son for his lack of courage

2.The author’s father watched behind the hedge because ______.

A.he wanted to help his son build up courage

B.he wanted to surprise his son

C.he was embarrassed to meet his son on the way home

D.he wanted to make sure that his son was safe on his way home

3.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A.My Terrible Journey Home B.A Silly Mistake

C.My Father and I D.The Gray Spot Guiding Me Home

4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

(1)=paragraph 1   (2)=paragraph 2   (3)=paragraph 3    (4)=paragraph 4   (5)=paragraph 5

A.(1) → (2) (3) (4) → (5) B.(1) (2) → (3) (4) → (5)

C.(1) → (2) → (3) (4) (5) D.(1) (2) (3) → (4) (5)

    The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Located in New York City's Museum Mile area, the Metropolitan Museum of Art has over two million works of art within its permanent collection, which is divided into 19 sections of interest.

The Met's American paintings section also has one of their earliest sculptures from 1870 on display. Hiram Power's California was one of the first pieces that inspired them to focus on building the museum around American art. Their art section features paintings by Michelangelo, Rembrandt and Van Gogh among its 11, 000 paintings on hand.

The J. Paul Getty Museum

The J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles is a privately-run museum that has a wide collection of European art, Greek and Roman sculptures, and classic drawings. There is also a research center that was opened in 1985, where staff researches information about the artifacts that exist and makes sure that the information can be used for other purposes.

The Musee du Louvre in Paris

The Musee du Louvre in Paris, France is one of the oldest, famous and most visited museums in the world. The museum was formally opened in 1750, and much of France's much neglected artists were allowed to present their works in this museum. It has owned works of famous artists like Rembrandt and Da Vinci for years and have them up on display to the public. Visitors can view some of the favourite famous pieces, like the Venus de Milo and the Mona Lisa, which has called the Louvre home for centuries.

1.According to the passage, ________.

A.the Musee du Louvre is the home to Mona Lisa for centuries

B.the J. Paul Getty Museum has 11, 000 paintings in store

C.the Metropolitan Museum opened a research centre in 1985

D.works of Rembrandt were only exhibited in the J. Paul Getty Museum

2.What does the underlined word “them” refer to in the last paragraph?

A.France's neglected artists. B.Works by the artists who were not famous.

C.works of famous artists. D.Visitors.

3.What is the purpose of the writer writing this article?

A.He intends to attract the tourists to visit the museums he has described.

B.He wants to make an introduction of some of the most famous art museums in the world.

C.He attempts to tell the readers that there are many valuable works of art in the art museums.

D.He wants to tell us that the Musee du Louvre is very famous.

阅读下面的材料.然后按要求150词左右的英语短文。

The application of many electronic devices, like the iPad, has allowed even very little kids to make the use of a computer. Its portability has made it possible for students to get access to the Internet. even in the classroom.

Andrew Benbow works in a Chinese school where every student and all the teaching staff are given a free iPad for study and work in and after class. For him, the obvious advantage of everyone having an iPad is the improvement in mutual communication. Documents can be emailed straight to colleagues whenever needed. Children can submit their homework by email WeChat, or through the virtual learning environment.

Abigale. who is from Liverpool, teaches English at Shanghai Cube Bilingual School? In her school, each teacher is provided with a laptop but only a select few are given iPads. She doesn't believe all the students at school ought to be offered iPads. Some teachers are unwilling to let go of the traditional style of teaching. Meanwhile most students prefer to keep their exercise books and rely on them for handy revision.

（写作内容）

1. 用约30个单词概括上述信息的主要内容；

2. 用约120个单词阐述你对“在教学中使用平板电脑”的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。

（写作要求）

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称：

3. 不必写标题。

（评分标准）

内容完整•语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意:每个空格只填1个单词。

Being productive can be hard. Perhaps you've fallen into a routine of getting up at a certain time, getting into work and slumping down at your desk or place of work with no energy and motivation. Research has found there is an ideal structure to your day that creates best results and also the flexibility you wish for. The problem with your current tradition of working is that it forces you to work when your brain isn't motivated. Traditionally you Have a long day to get your work done and your brain needs to be in the relaxation mode all day. but more often it's hard for you to focus on one thing all the way.

According to the research, the best way to achieve best work productivity is to focus on the first 3 hours of your day. This is the best time straight after sleep when your will power and self-control is at the maximum.

How often have you dragged yourself to work and headed straight for the coffee machine because you can't possibly function until you drink up at least your third cup of coffee? This is where you're potentially going wrong the first 3 hours of your day will eventually make you or break you. It's during this period that you can make the most of your clay. Creating a routine where the first 3 hours of your day are the intense periods of work will actually cause you to complete the majority of your work at a best level, leaving the rest of the day for your brain to relax and deal with fewer laborious projects.

To carry out the 3-hour morning, you should try and start a routine of getting up early because the more hours you have in the morning, the more time you have to be productive for the rest of the day. It's also essential that you start the day with a protein-rich breakfast, which means the right kind of fuel for your brain and the rest of your body so you can work at your best level. After getting up, you should ensure that there are fewer people to distract you or cause you stress. To be exact, make sure you put away your phone and make a conscious effort not to check social media for the first 3 hours. Besides? listening to music such as sounds of nature is a good way to help stop outside noises from interrupting your concentration.

    When you think about creativity, it might be highly creative people like Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein who spring to mind. They were all considered to be "geniuses" for their somewhat unique talents that led to great achievements in their fields. Their type of creativity is what's known as "Big C creativity" and is not very common in everyday life. Not all of us can create works of art or music or scientific theories that are new to the world.

While we can't all be Mozart, DaVinci or Einstein, many people do enjoy creative activity—through hobbies such as painting or playing the piano. And these types of pursuits are often what people think of when asked what being creative looks like. Our finished pieces may not be comparable with the likes of the great masters, but often the process makes us feel happy, and the end result can be aesthetically pleasing.

On top of hobbies and interests, we all possess creative qualities that can help as we solve life's problems and make decisions. It is this type of creativity that enables us to plan different routes to get to the same destination, or fit in a trip to the supermarket when our schedule looks full. It might not sound very creative, but this aspect of creativity relies on our ability to consider options and assess their suitability. It also helps us make decisions based on personal experience or what we have learnt formally or informally. These examples are known as "Small C creativity" or "personal everyday creativity".

While Big C creativity is valued and celebrated, it is often Small C creativity that has allowed humans to develop over thousands of years. It sets us apart from other animals and it is also the type of creativity that can be developed through our educational system and workplace. Traditionally, creativity has been largely associated with the arts. Teachers are often able to give examples of creative activity in arts subjects, but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science. But there is a growing realization that opportunities to be creative can be found across a broader range of subjects. For instance, engineering provides opportunities to be creative through problem solving, and history gives the opportunity to think creatively about why events happened and what motivated those involved

Research has shown that training teachers to ask particular types of questions can be one way to help encourage creativity across the curriculum. This is because looking for solutions to problems and explanations is a creative process. Our research also shows how it can be more helpful to talk about "thinking creatively" rather than “creativity". This is because people tend to see thinking creativity as independence of thought and a willingness to take risks and seek new perspectives. It is also seen as a way to perceive new relationships, make new connections, and generate new ideas.

The Durham Creativity Commission, set up by Arts Council England and Durham University, aims to find ways in which creativity, and specifically creative thinking, can play a larger part in our lives. We are working alongside people in education, as well as in arts and science communities, collecting their views on creativity and creative thinking. We will also be looking across these groups to determine whether or not there is a relationship between creativity and mobility, creativity and identity as well as creativity and well-being. We hope to be able to show that thinking creatively can not only be encouraged and furthered in a variety of fields, but also lead to positive outcomes on a personal, social and economic level.

In a rapidly changing world, creativity is important for people and society on many levels. It can help to generate personal satisfaction and be important for economic development. This is why creative thinking must be a key priority in educational environments. In the same way，creativity must also be recognized and encouraged in the workplace. Because, after all, it’s creative thinking that leads to problem solving and innovation in a range of areas.

1.Which of the following words can best describe "Big C creativity"?

A.Universal. B.Temporary.

C.Confidential. D.Extraordinary.

2.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A.Few people are as creative as great geniuses.

B.Some of us can become great masters.

C.We seldom understand real geniuses.

D.We should not learn only from masters.

3.Why is "Small C creativity" important?

A.It is as rare as “Big C creativity".

B.It can turn our hobbies into careers.

C.It helps us produce great works of art.

D.It is fundamental to human development.

4.What can we learn from Paragraph 4?

A.Only geniuses have great creativity.

B.Artists are often more creative than scientists.

C.People can show their creativity in various fields.

D.It is almost impossible to think creatively in science,

5.What does thinking creatively mean?

A.Solving problems alone. B.Being open to alternatives.

C.Thinking in an artistic way. D.Making a difference to the world.

6.Which of the following might the Durham Creativity Commission agree with?

A.Creative thinking is beneficial both personally and socially.

B.People often overlook creative thinking in the workplace.

C.Courses on creativity will soon be offered in schools.

D.Your identity is usually decided by your creativity.

    Wealthy people may be likely to be against redistribution of wealth, according to new research. The findings indicate that it is because people use their own neighborhoods and communities as a standard of how much wealth other people have, leading wealthy people to believe the bigger population as being wealthier than it actually is.

“If you're rich, there's good chance for you to know lots of other rich people and relatively few poor people； likewise, if you're poor, you're likely to know fewer wealthy people and more poor ones," says study co-author Robbie Sutton. "Even if people think objectively and follow rules of statistical inference, richer and poorer people may be led by the information available to them, to very different conclusions about how wealthy other people are, on. average, and how wealth is distributed across society. ”

"These results suggest that the rich and poor do not simply have different attitudes to how wealth should be distributed across society； rather, they subjectively experience living in different societies," adds Rael Dawtry, the study's lead author. "In the relatively richer America crowded by wealthier Americans, there is perhaps less need to distribute wealth more equally. " The findings suggest that attitudes toward wealth distribution come from more than just an economic motivation to protect one's self-interest or financially protective political ideologies （意识形态）----the information provided by our living environment also plays an important role.

The research covered over 600 US adults to complete an online survey in two studies. The participants were asked to estimate the distribution of household income for their social contacts and also for the whole US population in two studies—they estimated what percentage of people fell into each one of 11 income groups； then they estimated the average income of people within each income group. Then, the participants were asked how fair they thought income distribution in the US was and how satisfied they were with it. The participants also answered questions testing their attitudes toward redistribution.

To ensure that the findings were actually related to the individual s social circles and not some other psychological bias, the researchers then analyzed data from over 4,000 voters in New Zealand. The data showed that the relationship between voters' income and their perceptions of economic fairness in New Zealand was driven by the level of economic condition in their neighborhood.

"These results show the importance of examining ecological processes, in addition to political ideological or self-interest, for understanding economic preferences, says Dawtry. "Attitudes to redistribution and the economic position appear to be subject to informational biases in the environment as well as biases in the mind. " According to Sutton, the findings may also help to explain the political polarization （两极分化）observed in countries like the United States.

"As richer and poorer people increasingly live separated live, the information available becomes increasingly misunderstood, and increasingly different, he notes. "People are, effectively, living in an informational bubble, surrounded by people with incomes like theirs but unlike many other Americans."

1.What's the reason for incorrect conclusions on others' wealth?

A.The objective thoughts.

B.The improper information.

C.Disobeying rules of statistics.

D.The balance of wealth distribution.

2.What causes the difference in people's attitudes to wealth distribution?

A.Subjective judgment to societies they live in.

B.The biases against political ideologies.

C.The change of the surrounding environment.

D.Dissatisfying protection of self-interest.

3.What's the benefit of the research according to Sutton?

A.Making us understand economic preferences.

B.Giving us an explanation of the political polarization.

C.Making us consider political ideologies or self-interest.

D.Influencing our attitudes to wealth redistribution.

4.What's the title of the passage?

A.Wealthy People Are More Likely To Support Wealth Redistribution

B.Wealthy People Are More Likely To Have Right Information On Wealth

C.Having Wealthy Neighbors Keeps Beliefs On Overall Wealth Distribution

D.Having Wealthy Neighbors Misleads Beliefs On Overall Wealth Distribution

    At the first Olympic marathon in 1896, athletes ran a shorter course than today's 42. 2-kilometer event. Even so, only the winner finished within three hours. However, runners have improved, and one expert predicted last year that the two-hour mark would be broken in 2028.

On Oct 12, Eliud Kipchoge came in ahead of schedule----literally.

The 34-year-old Olympic champion from Kenya became the first person to run a marathon in less than two hours, Clocking in at 1:59:40. Kipchoge pumped his chest and even sped up after crossing the finish line as he ran happily to his wife.

"No one is limited. This shows the positivity of sport," Kipchoge told the BBC after the race in Vienna, Austria," Together when we run. we can make it a beautiful world."

Apart from Kipchoge's strong willpower and outstanding physical condition, a few tricks of science and technology Helped him reach this milestone in human athletic achievement.

Hills and turns slow runners down, so Kipchoge's team picked the course in Vienna for its gentle curves (弯曲度）.

The city's cool and dry weather was also important," said Wired. The magazine talked to exercise physiologists, who think the weather helped keep Kipchoge's body running more efficiently throughout the race.

A special pair of shoes also played a big part. According to The New York Times, the shoes Kipchoge wore were designed to give a significant edge to anyone wearing them in a race.

One other key to this breakthrough was Kipchoge's pacing strategy.

He ran with a dream team of pacers. deployed (部署 ) by sports scientists. Five runners formed a V-shape ahead of Kipchoge, reducing drag, and two runners followed directly behind to push him forward. Kipchoge stayed in the center of the formation. The team rotated (轮换）members every five kilometers, and be stayed under a two-hour pace for almost the entire length of the race .There was also a pace car driving 15 meters in front of everyone, casting a laser line on the road to keep them on track.

"Few world records today are technology free,” noted The Telegraph. Hard work and dedication are still the core of athletic achievement, but science and technology are helping modern athletes maximize their potential.

1.What do we know about Eliud Kipchoge?

A.He will keep running marathons until 2028.

B.He began running marathons when he was a child.

C.He broke the two-hour mark in a marathon race.

D.He is the first Olympic champion Kenya.

2.What did Kipchoge's team do to help him?

A.They trained him to run in places with hills and turns.

B.They designed a pair of lightweight shoes for him.

C.They kept a special formation around him during the race.

D.They drove a car in front of him to give him food and drinks.

3.What is the author's main purpose in writing the article?

A.To recommend some effective ways to run marathons.

B.To stress the importance of teamwork in athletic achievements.

C.To prove that technology has become the core of athletic achievement.

D.To show how science and technology help athletes break their limits.

Heart of Stone, Snowdonia

Route

Snowdonia boasts the UK's MOST DRAMIATIC MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPE south of Scotland, and though not all that high at just over 1,000 metres , the peaks seem bigger because they rise directly from the sea. This ride does the same. It starts in the small coastal city of Bangor and ends at the youth hostel at Llyn Ogwen, one of the spiritual homes of British mountaineering, a lake set in the mountains range of Carneddau and Glyderau. All those mountains might suggest a hilly ride in store, but it's a very gradual climb along the route of the old railway lines and trolleybuses that served the Penrhyn Quarry at Bethesda. When Welsh slate “roofed the world” this was once the world's largest man-made hole. The quarry also reminds visitors of the Welsh labour movement at the turn of the 20th century. Beyond the quarries lies the broad, steep sided valley of Nant Ffrancon, where the artist John Piper made his home, so he could paint and draw the landscape. The return to Bangor largely follows the ride up, but there's no harm in that as it's a truly spectacular route.

Where to stay

YHA Idwal Cottage (08453 719744) is the oldest youth hostel in Wales； beds from £22, private rooms from £24 pp camping from £13.

Where to snack

Fitzpatrick's (9 Ogwen Street, Bethesda) is a friendly, and bright green, cafe just off the route. Open. Open Thursday〜Friday 8 a.m. 〜3 p.m, Saturday 〜Sunday 8 a. m.〜5 p. m

Ogwen Snack Bar （Nant Ffrancon, 01248 600683） is a mountaineers' tea bar right by the mountain rescue base. Open daily 9 a. m.〜approximately 5 p. m. ; closed Monday 〜Thurs-day late December 〜end of Jan.

1.Snowdonia is famous for its .

A.beautiful mountain landscape

B.tall and dangerous peaks

C.long history

D.mysterious lake

2.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.There are many modern buildings along the route to Snowdonia.

B.You can always have coffee and tea as you like while traveling to Snowdonia.

C.You can't enjoy the oldest hostels while traveling to Snowdonia.

D.Some peaks in the mountain landscape are over 1,000 meters.