I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled(贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.

War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming. “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.

The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled(爬under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.

Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn’t notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.”

Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.

1.What made Kate so angry one evening?

A.She couldn’t find her books

B.She heard the author shouting loud

C.She got the news that her grandma was ill

D.She saw the author’s shoes beneath her bed

2.The author tidied up the room most probably because     .

A.she was scared by Kate’s anger

B.she hated herself for being so messy

C.she wanted to show her care

D.she was asked by Kate to do so

3.How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?

A.By analyzing causes B.By showing differences

C.By describing a process D.By following time order

    I have dreamt of taking a trip to Hawaii since I graduated but the best thing always needs waiting. I took a trip with my friends to Haleakala National Park which lies in Hawaii.

When we arrived at Haleakala National Park we were suggested to watch the early morning sunrise. I was lost in the sightseeing that afternoon so I could hardly wait to meet the sunrise. In the next morning we all jumped out of the bed very early at 3 o’clock and walked to the rocks by the seaside. In the first half an hour we imagined how wonderful it would be when the first light came out through the thick clouds and how soft it would be when the light touched our skin so we waited and waited. However another half an hour later I gradually lost my patience since there was nothing but the chilly darkness and I felt that I was frozen to death. But my friends were still extremely cheerful.

Nearly another one hour later “Amazing!” a word burst out from Judy and we all shouted to welcome the light orange greatness which is really unbelievable. Until today I dare say that it is the most impressive（印象深刻的）sunrise in my life. However waiting in the morning darkness is also the one I can not wipe out forever.

Waiting sometimes is really a hard thing for most of us as it needs patience and strong-willed determination but what about the result after that? It might turn out to be pleasingly unbelievable and satisfied. So it is really worthwhile to wait for the best.

1.When did they see the first light of the sunrise?

A.About 3 o’clock. B.About 4 o’clock.

C.Nearly 5 o’clock. D.Nearly 6 o’clock.

2.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “chilly” in paragraph two?

A.Total. B.Cold.

C.Terrible. D.Interesting.

3.What’s the author’s attitude towards waiting for the sunrise?

A.Excited all the time. B.Afraid all the time.

C.Firstly excited then afraid. D.Firstly excited then impatient.

4.What does the author want to tell us by this passage?

A.Sometimes it is worthwhile to wait for the best.

B.Hawaii is a good place to enjoy the sunrise.

C.I enjoyed the most flaming sunrise in my life.

D.My friends and I took a trip to Hawaii.

    A very dangerous situation happened in California last week. More than 12 wildfires broke out in the state. Most of them began on October 8, in Northern California. They grew rapidly. The fires were made bigger by winds of up to 50 miles per hour and dry air in the area.

At least 20 people have been killed, the state government said. About 200 have been injured. At least 3,500 homes and businesses have been destroyed. About 50,000 people have been required to escape. Many left in a hurry, without time to take their personal things. “All the good stuff(东西)—I’m never going to see it again,” Jeff Okrepkie said. He escaped from his Santa Rosa home. It was destroyed soon after he left.

The fires burned through parts of eight counties(郡，县). These include Sonoma and Napa. The areas are important to California’s economy(经济). They are home to many of the state’s vineyards(葡萄园) and wineries(酿酒厂). In 2016, California’s wineries made more than $57 billion.

October is when wildfires usually produce the most ruins in California. But it is unusual for so many fires to start at once. Up to now, the government has not given a cause for any of the fires, many of which were still burning.

1.Why did the fires grow quickly?

A.Most of the fires began in October. B.12 fires happened at the same time.

C.The state government didn’t do anything. D.High-speed wind and dry air.

2.How many people have to leave their homes?

A.50,000. B.200. C.3,500. D.20.

3.What is the biggest loss for California’ s economy?

A.Homes have been destroyed. B.Wineries have been burned.

C.People have to leave their homes. D.Many people have been injured.

4.What is the cause of the fires?

A.The high-speed wind and dry air. B.Many fires started at once.

C.October produces the most ruins. D.The cause is not explained.

    Welcome to our school. You can do a lot of things here. Come and join us.

1.You may have a chance to introduce your inventions on _________.

A.Monday B.Friday .

C.Sunday D.Wednesday

2.The person who teaches Computer Science is from___________.

A.Australia B.America

C.Canada D.New Zealand

3.You may learn something about a disease called TB from __________.

A.Mr. Morison B.Dr. West

C.Mr. Thomas D.Mrs. Green

4.If you want to learn something about satellites, you can go to the class from______.

A.18:30 to 21:00 on Friday B.8:30 to 11:30 on Sunday

C.19:00 to 21:00 on Monday D.19:30 to 21:00 on Wednesday

假定你是学生会主席李华。一个英国中学生代表团要来你校作戏剧方面的交流。请你写一篇欢迎词，内容包括：

1. 表示欢迎；

2. 主要活动安排；

3. 你的良好祝愿。

参考词汇：学生会：the Students’ Union。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

There is no doubt whether birds are our friends. Therefore, a large number of birds are killed for food every year, that really causes more and more people to be worried. The other day I was walking in the woods when the shot was heard. Hearing the shot, the birds in the trees fly in all directions. A bird was bad injured and looked sad. Find the bird injured, I decided to take it home. At home I took good care for it. When it recovered, so I returned it to the woods. I hope something can be done to protect birds from killed.

写出下面句子括号中所给词的正确形式。

1.We’ll make it before the clock_________(敲击) nine.

2.Welcome to drop in if it is __________(方便的) to you.

3.If you have any questions, don’t_________(犹豫) to ask me.

4.Books in the library are often _________(分类) according to subjects.

5.Fifteen people were under _________(逮捕) because of serious violence.

6.With China’s economy_________(繁荣), the country becomes powerful.

7.The_________(大多数) of his income is spent on his house every month.

8.He forgot to turn the _______(水龙头) off, and the water is running all over.

9.He could have finished it on time, but ________(不知怎么地) he fell behind.

10.I tried all means to look for my keys, but everything was in _______(徒劳).

    For the past ten years, my dad and I have attended the same school--- he as an administrator and I as a student. Our relationship, in and out of school, has been totally unpredictable.

When I was younger, all that my dad said was doctrine （信条）and anything did I, _________, copied. We played games together, and stayed up late reading bedtime stories. I could__________ my dad taking me to school, running into him ________ during the day and riding home with him every afternoon.

As I grew older, we were not as _________as we used to be. He wasn't cool any more .He wore his socks too high, listened to _________ country music and laughed too loudly in front of my friends. He became a total embarrassment.

However, the _________ that occurred in school were even worse. The worst one happened in seventh grade. My dad came to our New Year party, __________as Donald Duck, guitar in hand, singing silly songs. Just kill me！ I wanted to run away.

This _________ continued into high school, but we somehow began to find a balance .Things started to ______around the time of my 10th-grade physics project. The ________was to build a wood bridge with the best strength-to-weight ratio（比率）. All the students and physics teachers __________ . So did my dad, the only administrator！ Embarrassed, as usual, I _________ the  scene._____________, later when I learned from my friends that my dad    _____ all competitors and won everyone's admiration, I found that mixed in with my__________was a touch of pride.

I had needed someone else to show me what I ________ in my dad. It wasn't the fact that he'd won； it was more than that. I began to_________ that we have many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions. No matter how much I had tried to________ him, he still influenced me.

I feel_________ to have such an unusual father. The ________ I have developed with my dad over the years has enabled me to look back and see how I’ve grown.

1.A.temporarily B.naturally C.originally D.passively

2.A.apply to B.count on C.see off D.pick out

3.A.gradually B.previously C.regularly D.eventually

4.A.close B.reliable C.generous D.confident

5.A.creative B.familiar C.horrible D.live

6.A.failures B.coincidences C.competitions D.disasters

7.A.dressed up B.broken down C.settled down D.signed up

8.A.debate B.party C.progress D.struggle

9.A.happen B.change C.grow D.disappear

10.A.issue B.task C.lesson D.procedure

11.A.participated B.protested C.hesitated D.explored

12.A.fled B.investigated C.pictured D.made

13.A.Instead B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.However

14.A.convinced B.defeated C.ignore D.evaluated

15.A.confusion B.encouragement C.embarrassment D.fascination

16.A.recommended B.tolerated C.doubted D.appreciated

17.A.recognize B.demand C.argue D.estimate

18.A.approach B.limit C.resist D.believe

19.A.puzzled B.fortunate C.concerned D.awkward

20.A.strategy B.habit C.relationship D.potential

How old is “old” ?

How old is “old” ?  1.Two hundred years ago, you were old at 35. That was the average life then. At the turn of this century, as medical knowledge advanced, the average life span(长度) increased to 45. In 1950, 70-year-olds were really old. Today, a healthy 70-year-old is looking forward to many more active years.

So, how old is old? The answer is one you’ve heard many times, from all sorts of people. “You are as old (or young) as you feel!” The calendar(日历) simply tells you how many years you have lived.  2.

Once an unknown author wrote , “ 3.Nobody grows old by living a number of years; people grow old by giving up their goals.”

4.Alice Brophy, when she was with the New York City commission for the Aging, said, “It upsets me when people say, ‘Gee, you look young for your age!’ What does that mean? Is there some model that you’re supposed to look a certain way at 65 and 75 and 85? You know you can die old at 30 and live young at 80.”

There are many wrong ideas about aging.  5.Here are some of the more common ones. For example, most older people are in poor health, or older people are unable to change.

A.Old is a point of view.

B.It’s extremely terrible to be grown old.

C.The answer has changed over the years.

D.Your body tells you how well you’ve lived.

E.Older people are stubborn, unable to change.

F.Youth is not a time of life but it is a state of mind.

G.These ideas stereotype (固化) people on the basis of age.

    A mother goat is able to pick out her own baby from its voice alone by the time the kid is just five days old.

Researchers from University of London played kids’ bleats to female goats and studied their responses. They were surprised to find that the animals were able to pick out their own kids’ voices.

“A mother and the kid rely a lot on smell to recognize one another and, in the wild, during the first week of their lives, the animals hide in grass and don’t call much. It’s a strategy they use to avoid enemies,” Dr Elodie Briefer, who led the research, explained to BBC News. “The mother call to the kids when she want them to come and feed, so we expected that kids would recognize the mothers’ voices.” In fact, this was the case for deer, which also use this hiding strategy, although they do not belong to the same family of species as goats.

She and her team recorded and played back young kids’ calls to the female goats and recorded their responses.She explained, “Even when the calls came from kids that are five to six days old, we could see the mothers responding more to the voices of their own babies.” Hearing the voice of their own kids, the females would look towards the speaker that the sound was coming from, moving around and calling in response.

The scientists say that understanding how goats behave and communicate is very important. “This helps us understand just how smart these animals are,” said Dr. Briefer. “Farmers might be able to change their way to raise goats considering this natural behaviour.”

1.What does the underlined word “bleats” means?

A.habits B.voices

C.responses D.videos

2.During the first few days of the baby deer, the mother and the kid mainly depend on ______to recognize each other when they are hiding in grass.

A.voice B.touch

C.videos D.smell

3.In the experiment, what does a mother goat do when hearing her kids’ voice?

A.Making voice in response. B.Jumping over and over.

C.Hiding herself somewhere. D.Behaving just as usual.

4.The passage is mainly written for ______ to read.

A.teachers B.writers

C.farmers D.lawyers

    It’s quite a time for the strange weather, and it does not get much stranger than snow falling in one of the hottest places in the world.

On Sunday morning, Ain Sefra, a desert town in Algeria known as the “Gateway to the Sahara”, experienced a large amount of snow for reportedly the third time in 40 years. Some reports said parts of the area got as deep as 15 inches of snow, but Ain Sefra officially reported less than one inch in some places. Some people were very excited about it. It was strange enough to provide some very special pictures from an area that usually sees some of the hottest temperatures on earth during the summer.

Now, it’s not uncommon for the temperature across even the hottest of deserts to drop tens of degrees Fahrenheit at night, meaning any unusual snow could stay there around for a while. But photographers at the scene said the snow actually stayed intact (完好无损的) for a good portion of the day.

“We were really surprised when we woke up to see snow again,” photographer Karim Bouchetata told Shutterstock. “It stayed all day on Sunday and began melting at around 5 p. m.” While snow is not often falling down in the desert area, a similar snow phenomenon happened just last year. Before that, it had been 37 years since Ain Sefra’s last snowfall.

1.Why were some people in Ain Sefra excited?

A.The snow was one inch deep in some places.

B.They could take some wonderful pictures.

C.They never experienced a snow before.

D.They knew nothing about Ain Sefra.

2.Which of the following statements is NOT true about Ain Sefra?

A.It belongs to Algeria.

B.It has witnessed 3 snowfalls in 37 years.

C.It is one of the hottest places in the world.

D.It is referred to as the “Gateway to the Sahara”.

3.Why could the snow stay for a while?

A.It was unusual to snow.

B.Nobody touched the snow.

C.It fell in the coldest of deserts.

D.The temperature was low enough at night.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.Snowfalls in One of the Hottest Places in the World

B.Happiness Coming from the Strange Weather

C.The Gateway to the Sahara — Ain Sefra

D.The Hottest Places in the World

    My mother used to ask me what is the most important part of the body. Through the years I would guess at what I thought was the correct answer.

When I was younger, I thought sound was very important to us as humans, so I said, “My ears, Mommy.” She said, “No. Many people are deaf. But you keep thinking about it and I will ask you again soon.”

Several years passed before she asked me again. Since making my first attempt, I had contemplated (仔细考虑) the correct answer. So this time I told her, “Mommy, sight is very important to everybody, so it must be our eyes.” She looked at me and told me, “You are learning fast, but the answer is not correct because there are many people who are blind.”

Over the years, Mother asked me a couple more times and always her answer was, “No, but you are getting smarter every year, my child.”

Then last year, my Grandpa died. Everybody was hurt. Everybody was crying. My Mom looked at me when it was our turn to say our final good-bye to Grandpa. She asked me, “Do you know the most important body part yet, my dear?”

I was shocked when she asked me this now. I always thought this was a game between her and me. She saw the confusion on my face and told me, “This question is very important. It shows that you have really lived your life.” I saw her eyes well up with tears. She said, “My dear, the most important body part is your shoulder.”

I asked, “Is it because it holds up your head?”

She replied, “No, it is because it can hold the head of a friend or loved one when they cry. Everybody needs a shoulder to cry on sometimes in life, my dear. I only hope that you have enough love and friends that you will have a shoulder to cry on when you need it.”

Then and there I knew the most important body part is not a selfish one. It is sympathetic to the pain of others.

1.Why did the writer first think “ears” were the most important part of body?

A.Because he thought that the sound was sweet to hear.

B.Because he thought that the sound was essential to humans.

C.Because he thought that the sound can be heard by people.

D.Because he thought that the sound can pass through quickly.

2.What happened to the writer’s family last year in the passage?

A.His house was burnt.

B.His mother left home.

C.His grandpa passed away.

D.His father was hurt in an accident.

3.Where did the writer get the correct answer from his mother?

A.At home. B.At the school.

C.At the station. D.At the funeral.

4.What can we learn from the passage?

A.We should learn to understand others’ pain.

B.We should listen to our mothers’ words.

C.We should hold up our head high.

D.We should often cry in life.

    To ensure an excellent experience during your tour of the Mark Twain House, here are some guidelines and general information:

The House is Shown Only by Guided Tour.

To ensure an optimum (最佳) experience, house tours are limited to 14 people, first-come, first-served. If your group has more than 10 people, call (860) 280-3130 to reserve a discounted group tour in advance of your visit. If you have a party of fewer than 10 people feel free to purchase tickets online: We will hold them at Will Call. The tour schedule is usually online about a month in advance.

Our site is made up of three buildings

The Webster Bank Museum Center at the Mark Twain House & Museum is always your first and last stop as it houses our ticket counter, museum store, film, exhibits and cafe. All tours gather in the museum center before heading over to Mark Twain’s historic 1874 home. Mark Twain’s historic carriage house is the third building on our property, but is generally not open to the public. The hayloft (干草棚) has been repurposed into offices and the main floor of the barn is a space available for rent for parties and meetings.

Coupons & Discounts

The Mark Twain House offers only a few coupons and discounts. The price you pay for admission helps us maintain the beauty of this icon of American architecture. If you are lucky enough to find one of those special offers online or at your local library, keep in mind they are good only for the general Mark Twain House Tours. No passes or discounts may be applied to our specialty tours.

1.What kind of tour booked beforehand enjoys a discount?

A.Specialty tour.

B.Guided tour

C.Group tour with 9 people.

D.Group tour with 13 people.

2.Which place is not available to tourists?

A.The Webster Bank Museum Center.

B.Mark Twain’s historic carriage house.

C.The hayloft.

D.Mark Twain’s historic 1874 home.

3.What is the purpose of charging admission fees?

A.To earn more money.

B.To well preserve the house.

C.To support Mark Twain’s family.

D.To offer parties and meetings.

假定你是李华，你市图书馆将举办中国茶文化展览。你校外教Smith先生对此很感兴趣，请用英语给他写一封邮件，邀请他参加该活动。内容包括：

1. 展览时间及地点；

2. 展览内容：中国茶的历史、文化；茶叶、茶具等；

3. 观看茶艺表演、品茶。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：茶具tea set；茶艺the art of tea-making

Dear Mr. Smith,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last summer, our class paid for a visit to a local nursing home. After arrive there, we saw some elder practicing Tai Chi. They gave us a good impression of being dynamic and healthy. But there were also some old people seating in the wheelchairs. They were out of shape，what made me a bit sad. They must have experienced hard life in the past. During the visit, we chat with the old and did some cleaning and washing here. We had such a good time. This year, we plan to visit it from time to time but hope more people will care about the old so that they can be healthy, peace and happy for the rest of their life.

    There was snow last night, followed by a freezing rain. It _________ everything with a thin layer of ice，including the highways，creating a _________ situation.

Going to the store to buy some goods, I had _________ in crossing the highway because of the ice. After I struggled to cross it, a woman came up in her car, _________ across the crosswalk, through the other lane, almost going into the ditch (沟). She was unable to do anything, with her eyes wide open in _________ and brakes locked. After she got control of her car, she slowly _________. So then watching her away, I thought that it was a _________ corner.

I got in touch with the businesses around and asked if I could fill the corner. Finally, I got _________. And then I found a bucket, filled it with sand and put the sand on that corner. This took me eight buckets, and _________ I got this comer sanded. People __________ their horns (喇叭) as they drove by to show honor to me. An officer thanked me and the paving company where I got the sand thanked me, too. A woman driver __________ over to give me a bottle of fruit juice, and another gave me a chocolate bar.

I wasn’t __________ anything, so I appreciated these. As one of the snow angels here in my community, I __________ a chance of cleaning up sidewalks for elders and those in wheelchairs last year because of a __________ shoulder injury. So this time I intended to make up for it, __________ with one good shoulder. It was __________, though. After I finished sanding this busy comer, __________ as it was，the sun came and started to __________. Someone drove by and told me that at the moment the sun was shining only in one __________. Yet this ray of sunlight was only shining where I was, coincidence? And strangely the ice started to __________ quickly.

1.A.ruined B.covered C.protected D.stopped

2.A.familiar B.different C.dangerous D.tight

3.A.luck B.interest C.fun D.difficulty

4.A.sliding B.walking C.struggling D.flying

5.A.vain B.alarm C.amazement D.relief

6.A.got off B.woke up C.drove off D.gave up

7.A.blind B.threatening C.quiet D.distant

8.A.permission B.confidence C.praise D.encouragement

9.A.purposely B.nearly C.eventually D.actually

10.A.kept B.played C.showed D.sounded

11.A.stayed B.rushed C.pulled D.turned

12.A.expecting B.deserving C.changing D.suffering

13.A.seized B.preferred C.regretted D.missed

14.A.serious B.slight C.bodily D.personal

15.A.never B.even C.still D.ever

16.A.interesting B.promising C.tiring D.worrying

17.A.sunny B.dark C.cold D.mild

18.A.hide B.rise C.fade D.shine

19.A.place B.moment C.way D.city

20.A.increase B.melt C.move D.block

    Whenever I moved to a new city, the first thing I did was to hire a bicycle. Why? 1. You travel much faster than on foot and you notice so much more of your surroundings than when in a bus or a car. It's more appealing to wander down small streets if they seem interesting, as you can quickly get back to the main road. Besides, I soon discovered more benefits of cycling.

A bicycle means that fewer places, especially in a small city like the one where I live now, feel far away. For example, cycling to work takes me half the time that it would to walk, 2.

Of course, there are obvious health benefits of cycling — a bit of extra movement as part of your daily routine can help you keep fit and healthy. Cycling on my way to work also makes me feel more energetic in the mornings.

3. While cars pollute the environment，bicycles are carbon neutral (碳平衡的). Furthermore, thanks to being petrol-free, bicycles are cheaper to run, buy and fix than cars. Even if you don't own a car，a bicycle can pay for itself when compared to the price of bus tickets.

4. Always wear a helmet, pay attention to other traffic and don't forget your lights at night. Make sure you know the road rules, especially in a new place. Some cities are more bicycle-friendly than others. 5. Luckily, where I live now is quite easy to ride a bicycle around, thanks to having lots of cycle lanes and not too many hills!

A.However, be careful when you are cycling.

B.But sometimes city roads are difficult for cyclists.

C.I should learn to ride safely on the right of the road.

D.Importantly, cycling also helps to decrease your carbon footprint.

E.Cycling to work is fit for whoever wants to save their pocket money.

F.Riding a bicycle also means you aren't limited by the bus timetables.

G.Seeing a city by bicycle is perfect for settling in and learning your way around.

    The remains of an ancient ape (猿) found in Bavaria suggest that humans' ancestors began standing upright millions of years earlier than previously thought.

An international team of researchers said the fossilized skeleton (化石骨骼) of a male ape that lived in the warm and damp forests of what is now southern Germany was quite similar to modem human bones. In a paper published by the journal Nature, they concluded that the previously unknown species — named Danuvius guggenmosi — could walk on two legs but also climb like an ape.

''The findings raise fundamental questions about our previous understanding of the evolution of the great apes and humans, '' said Madelaine Boehme, who led the research.

The question of when apes could walk on two legs has fascinated scientists since Charles Darwin first argued that they were the ancestors of humans. Previous fossil records of apes with an upright move — found in Crete and Kenya — dated only as far back as 6 million years. These apes are called Toumai.

Boehme, along with researchers from Bulgaria, Canada and the United States, examined more than 15,000 bones recovered from the archaeological remains found. Among the remains they were able to piece together were primate (灵长目动物) fossils belonging to 4 individuals that lived 11.62 million years ago. The most complete, an adult male, likely stood about 1 meter tall, weighed 31 kilograms and looked similar to modern-day bonobos, a species of chimp.

Like humans, Danuvius had an S-shaped backbone to hold its body upright while standing. Unlike humans, though, it had a powerful big toe that would have allowed it to grab branches with its foot easily.

Fred Spoor, a biologist at the Natural History Museum in London, called the fossil finds ''fantastic'', but said they would likely be denied or suspected by others, especially because they could challenge many existing ideas about evolution.

1.Where did the scientists find the fossilized ape skeleton?

A.Germany. B.Canada.

C.Bulgaria. D.Kenya.

2.What can we infer about Danuvius guggenmosi?

A.It was a species of chimp.

B.It lived in Crete and Kenya.

C.It could walk with a backbone.

D.It existed much earlier than Toumai.

3.How does Spoor feel about the finding?

A.It is the most fantastic one.

B.It is a support to evolution.

C.It may cause lots of debate.

D.It denies the previous ideas.

4.What might be the best title for this text?

A.Legend of Humans' Ancestors

B.The Secrets Uncovered from Fossils

C.The Oldest Example of Upright Ape Found

D.Recent Findings against the Theory of Evolution

    Scientists have created the world's first living, self-healing robots using stem cells (干细胞) from frogs. Named xenobots after the African clawed frog from which they take their stem cells, the ''machines'' are less than a millimeter wide — small enough to travel inside human bodies. They can walk and swim, survive for weeks without food, and work together in groups. ''These are entirely new life forms, '' said the University of Vermont, which conducted the research with Tufts University's Allen Discovery Center.

The researchers removed living stem cells from frog embryos (胚胎), and left them to hatch. Then, the cells were cut and reshaped into specific ''body forms'' designed by a supercomputer — forms ''never seen in nature''，according to a news release from the University of Vermont.

Xenobots even have regenerative abilities. When the scientists sliced into one robot, it healed by itself and kept moving. They don’t look like traditional robots - they have no shiny clothing or robotic arms. Instead, they look more like a tiny drop of moving pink flesh. The researchers say this is deliberate — this ''biological machine'' can achieve things typical robots of steel and plastic cannot. ''Traditional robots degrade over time and can produce harmful ecological and health side effects, '' researchers said in the study. ''As biological machines, xenobots are more environmentally friendly and safer for human health.''

According to the researchers, these robots could be used to clean up radioactive waste, collect microplastics in the oceans, or even carry medicine inside human bodies. Aside from these immediate practical tasks, they could also help researchers to learn more about cell biology - opening the doors to future advancement in human health and longevity. This sounds like something from a sci-fi movie. Some people even voiced their concern that humans might be taken control of by those xenobots. However, the researchers in the study say there is no need for alarm. They can't reproduce or evolve (进化).

1.What is this passage mainly about?

A.The advantages of a medical robot.

B.The application of robots in biology.

C.The general introduction of a living robot.

D.The medical value of African clawed frogs.

2.The underlined word ''regenerative'' in Paragraph 3 probably means ''________''.

A.living longer B.growing again

C.replacing old cells D.defending against attacks

3.What can we know about xenobots?

A.They can do everything that traditional robots can.

B.They can break up steel and plastic while degrading.

C.They are able to cure people of all kinds of diseases.

D.They are harmless to the environment and human health.

4.What is the researchers' attitude to the development of xenobots?

A.Doubtful. B.Positive.

C.Cautious. D.Casual.

    Harper Lee was an American novelist widely known for To Kill a Mockingbird, published in 1960, which won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. The 1962 film adaptation starring Gregory Peck won three Academy Awards.

For decades, the book was Lee’s only major work of published fiction, but it was hugely influential for generations of US readers. It has sold more than 10 million copies, and is one of the most widely taught novels in the US schools. In 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contributions to literature.

Lee wanted to live a simple life and was never comfortable with the attention the novel won her, and she practically disappeared from public life after it appeared. The world, however, continued waiting for a new novel from her, and on occasion she suggested that she had a story in progress.

In 2015, a book did come out. Go Set a Watchman was more of a first draft, featuring Scout, the young girl who was the main character of To Kill a Mockingbird. Go Set a Watchman tells a story of Scout as an adult. Accusations arose that the 89-year-old Lee was not able to agree to the manuscript’s release，and that various parties had signed on her behalf.

Though Lee moved to New York in 1949, she spent many years guarding her privacy (隐私) in Monroeville, which served as the clear inspiration for the setting in To Kill a Mockingbird.

In 2007, Lee suffered a stroke (中风), but recovered and later settled in Monroeville permanently to care for her sister, Alice, who died in 2014. She was said to eat breakfast every morning at the same fast-food spot, and was friendly with her neighbors. The countless Americans knew her only through her works，and they will undoubtedly miss her.

1.What can be learned about Harper Lee from the first two paragraphs?

A.She was regarded the greatest writer in America.

B.She made great contributions to American literature.

C.She once starred in a film adapted from her own novel.

D.She got her novels well accepted in most American schools.

2.Why did Harper Lee disappear from public life after her first novel came out?

A.She tried to get out of accusations.

B.She wanted to write another novel.

C.She intended to avoid being bothered.

D.She wasn’t comfortable with her novel’s influence.

3.What can we learn about Harper Lee’s Go Set a Watchman?

A.It tells her own life story.

B.It is adapted into a famous film.

C.It won her lots of honors and awards.

D.It continues the story of her earlier one.

4.What can be inferred about Harper Lee from the last paragraph?

A.She died of a stroke in 2014.

B.She will be remembered forever.

C.She cared much for her neighbors.

D.She led a lonely life in her later life.

    It's time for fun outside! Take your bathing suit and sunscreen and head to these sunny spots that offer the best getaways for every interest!

San Juan, Puerto Rico

Head to the hot city nightlife of San Juan. Top chefs, stylish hotels, bars, clubs and shops are all just steps away from the tropical beaches. And since Puerto Rico is a United States Commonwealth, it's one of the easiest islands in the Caribbean to visit since you won't need a passport, have to change money, or even worry about your cellphone working. Puerto Rico is also one of the best tropical vacations you can take without leaving the United States.

Riviera Maya, Mexico

What's better than diving into the salty sea? Going into the clear and salt-free waters of the naturally occurring limestone cenotes (石灰岩沼穴) of the Riviera Maya and Yucatan Peninsula. Spend a sunny day exploring these natural cave pools filled with cool water that springs from the ground below and the thick palm forests that surround them. Then head back to the perfectly located Fairmont Mayakoba for comfortable rooms and modem Mexican cuisine.

New Orleans, Louisiana

New Orleans' lively nightlife and live-music scenes make ''the Big Easy'' a great girls' getaway. And even if your crew isn't one to seek out the boozy Bourbon Street crawl, there's plenty of amazing food in the French Quarter，plenty of shopping and strolling in the Garden District.

Clearwater, Florida

If you want to meet a real movie star while also enjoying the sunbath, head to the Gulf shores of Clearwater, Florida. Here you can meet the stars of Dolphin Tale and Dolphin Tale 2, Winter and Hope, who are in residence full-time at the Clearwater Marine Aquarium.

1.What makes Puerto Rico an easy tourist spot to visit?

A.It lies in the Caribbean. B.No passport is needed.

C.It’s near the tropical beaches. D.Many travel services are offered.

2.What can you do if you travel to Riviera Maya?

A.Taste various foods. B.Meet some famous stars.

C.Dive into the salty waters. D.Explore natural cave pools.

3.Which place will you choose if you are a film fan?

A.Clearwater, Florida. B.Riviera Maya, Mexico.

C.San Juan, Puerto Rico. D.New Orleans, Louisiana.

假定你是李华，最近获悉你的美国网友Peter家乡受到飓风(hurricane)侵袭，损失惨重。请你用英语给Peter写一封慰问信。信的内容包括：

1. 得知情况及感受；

2. 表达安慰和鼓励；

3. 打算提供的帮助。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.

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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句话中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处）不计分。

Dear Chris,

I’m sorry to hear that you have been in hospital for several day. Actually, it’s very easily for a person like you to get sick, since you aren’t used to the new environment. Even worst, you don’t take enough exercise. Here are some tips for you：

First of all, it’s good idea to take part in some social activities, that will help you learn more about the local customs and cultures. On addition, you should try hardly to reduce the pressure of work by listening to music and making friends. Last but not least, you’d better to exercise more instead of sit in the office all the time.

I hope that my advice will help you lead a healthy lifestyle and we will recover soon.

Yours Truly,

Li Hua

    I started serving the homeless when I was eight years old. I didn't know these people would make such a big difference in my _______.

Twice a month I go to the church and help get things ready for _______. When the gate is opened, people come in _______ to get drinks. They take their seats while breakfast is _______， and then we begin to _______. We each take two plates and carry them _______ the line as the plates are _______. Each person receives several kinds of foods. I walk to the tables and _______ the plates before them. After I've served them, I ask if they need _______ else and bring them whatever they ask for.

When I first started serving, I was a little   ________ . At first I stayed close to my mom most of the time, but after I got to know these strangers, I  ________ that they were friendly people. And the ________ of them was often nicer than the outside. I realized that there was no ________ to be scared. After serving for a few months, I started to ________ seeing the same people each week.

All of these people make my day much ________. The past two years have made a big ________ in my life. I do this ________ it is the right thing to do. When I serve people, I want them to know that someone  ________  them and that they matter. Serving makes me happy, but even more ________， it teaches me to love and ________ others and helps make the world a better place.

1.A.study B.work C.family D.life

2.A.breakfast B.brunch C.lunch D.dinner

3.A.secretly B.quickly C.slowly D.separately

4.A.ordered B.enjoyed C.prepared D.tasted

5.A.eat B.serve C.leave D.try

6.A.before B.beyond C.above D.along

7.A.emptied B.washed C.filled D.dried

8.A.make B.set C.fix D.show

9.A.nothing B.everything C.what D.anything

10.A.surprised B.embarrassed C.scared D.puzzled

11.A.realized B.admitted C.claimed D.swore

12.A.past B.inside C.surface D.front

13.A.way B.doubt C.reason D.wonder

14.A.get tired of B.take charge of C.get down to D.look forward to

15.A.better B.further C.busier D.easier

16.A.success B.difference C.profit D.fortune

17.A.because B.if C.once D.though

18.A.relies on B.goes after C.cares about D.looks for

19.A.necessarily B.interestingly C.honestly D.importantly

20.A.respect B.forgive C.inspire D.protect

    Much meaning can be conveyed clearly with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak.

1.In a bus you may look at a stranger, but not for too long. And if he sensed that you are staring at him, he may feel uncomfortable.

The same is true in our daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. 2.. Eyes do speak, right？

Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive.3.. If a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her, his intentions are obvious. He wishes to attract her attention, and let her know that he is admiring her.

However, when two persons are engaged in a conversation, the speaker will only look into the listener’s eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking.4. If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking as if he is trying to control you, you will feel awkward. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim.

5. On the contrary, it will give him away.

Actually, eye contact should be made based on specific relationship and situation.

A.If nothing goes wrong, you will feel annoyed at being stared at that way.

B.That’s what normal eye contact is all about.

C.Actually, continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only.

D.Do you have such a kind of experience?

E.But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex.

F.He wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.

G.After all, nobody likes to be stared at for quite a long time.

    You might think male models lead glamorous lives, filled with endless travel and invitations to socialize with the rich and beautiful. Almost everyone has formed an unrealistic picture of their lives, believing that they spend one afternoon beside the Mediterranean Sea sipping coffee and getting suntanned and the next moment they are on board flying to Rome. However, according to a 2016 documentary made by the pop culture news site Fusion, the financial reality of male models is not very pretty.

The main subject of the documentary, titled Unglamorous, is a male model named Cameron Keesling who went to New York to start his career, hoping to make a fortune in the world of models. Keesling is not a supermodel but he has certainly made his name known in the industry. He was “working in the industry for about a year before landing the cover of Italian Vogue” in 2014. But “Keesling and his companions were paid nothing for the efforts”, Fusion reporter Nikita Redkar wrote.

Keesling also appeared at Paris Fashion Week and won lots of praise, while his compensation wouldn’t even cover the cost of traveling to and from Paris.

According to the documentary the most common way models get paid is by receiving free clothes, rather than money. In order to make ends meet, consequently, many of them have to take another job simply to make a living. Many of these models are in debt. Once they find an agency to represent them, a living income is provided by the agency to accommodate their rent, food, clothing and other expenses. Models are expected to pay off these costs once they find work, but many of the industry’s jobs don’t pay at all. Believe it or not, there is a pay gap between male models and female counterparts. Based on a survey conducted by Fortune.com, female models can make millions more than males, especially if you compare the top ten earners of each gender.

1.In common people’s eyes, male models are living __________.

A.a busy and simple life B.a tiring and dull life

C.an easy and comfortable life D.a hard and embarrassing life

2.Why does the author mention Cameron Keesling in the second paragraph?

A.To introduce his real life

B.To explain why he went to New York

C.To illustrate the hardship of male models’ lives

D.To encourage models to make a fortune in New York

3.What does the underlined word “counterparts” mean in the last paragraph?

A.Friends B.Peers

C.Schoolmates D.Opponents

4.What is the writer’s attitude towards the lives of the male models?

A.Supportive B.Doubtful

C.Critical D.Objective

    In my profession as an educator and health care provider, I have worked with numerous children infected with the virus that causes AIDS. The relationships that I have had with these special kids have been gifts in my life. They have taught me so many things, but I have especially learned that great courage can be found in the smallest of packages.

Tyler was born infected with HIV and from the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medications to survive. When he was five, he had a tube surgically inserted in a vein in his chest. This tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back. Medications were prepared inside this pump and were continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream. At times, he also needed supplemented (补充的)oxygen to support his breathing.

Tyler wasn’t willing to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease. It was not unusual to find him playing and racing around his backyard, wearing his medicine - laden backpack and dragging his tank of oxygen behind him. Tyler’s mom often teased him by telling him that he moved so fast she needed to dress him in red. That way, when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard, she could quickly spot him.

This fateful disease eventually wore down Tyler. He grew quite ill and, unfortunately, so did his HIV - infected mother. When it became apparent that he wasn’t going to survive, Tyler’s mom talked to him about death. She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven.

A few days before his death, he whispered to me, " I might die soon. I’m not scared. When I die, please dress me in red. Mom promised she’s coming to heaven, too. I’ll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me."

1.What do we know about the tube inserted in Tyler’s chest?

A.It contained oxygen that helped Tyler breathe freely

B.Medications in the pump could be supplied through it

C.It was filled with medications that Tyler needed

D.It should be replaced by a new one after a year

2.Tyler’s mom dressed him in red in order to _______.

A.stress the importance of the color

B.find him as quickly as possible

C.meet the demand of him

D.encourage him to play and race happily outdoors

3.Tyler’s mom helped him face the death in the following ways except that _______.

A.she said to him that it would not long before she died

B.she promised to meet him in heaven soon

C.she had a frank talk with him about death

D.she gave him a medicine-loaded package

4.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?

A.Gifts in My Life B.A Fateful Disease

C.Dying in Red D.No More Tears in Heaven

    Bats often appear in movies and literature as frightening creatures. The animals have even been linked in some cultures to vampires, seeking to attack humans and drink the blood of them. In reality, bats are usually not harmful to people. They can do good things for people and the environment. For example, bats eat a lot of different insects that can harm our environment. They can also spread seeds.

But a serious disease is currently threatening the bat population in many parts of the United States. The disease is called white-nose syndrome. It has killed more than 6 million bats across the United States since 2007. Bats catch the disease through their skin while resting on the walls of mountain caves. Biologist Lindsay Rohrbaugh says that the disease spreads quickly and can lead to strange behavior in bats.

In Washington D. C, researchers are studying how white-nose syndrome is affecting the area's nine species of bats. Some scientists are trapping bats on an island in the middle of the Anacostia River to test for the disease. The group is receiving money to help carry out their studies.

Marco Carvello is with the Washington D. C Government's Department of Energy and Environment. "Scientists are concerned that the disease is continuing to greatly reduce the bat population. The bat deaths are affecting the quality of human life in many ways. Without bats, there is an increase of many insects. And that's only going to get worse over time if some ways can't be found," he said.

One theory is that some bats are no longer returning to caves to avoid getting, sick. This means more of them are now making their way into cities, where contact with humans is more likely Experts advise people to keep away from bats in case they have the disease. And animal control officers should safely remove the animals.

1.According to Paragraph I people tend to think bats __________.

A.should be protected

B.can help spread seeds

C.do harm to human beings

D.may damage the environment

2.Which of the following might Marco Carvello agree with?

A.The disease has led to people's strange behavior.

B.The-disease may cause the disappearance of bats.

C.The government should control the spread of the disease.

D.The decrease in the bat population can greatly affect humans' life.

3.What does the author mainly tell us in the passage?

A.A bat species is decreasing in number.

B.We have found ways to protect bats.

C.A disease-causes many deaths of bats.

D.We should have a high opinion of bats.

    Bike Share Toronto is the city’s official bike share program, designed to give locals and visitors a fun, affordable and convenient alternative to walking, taxis, buses and the subway. There are 200 Bike Share Toronto stations and 2,000 bikes across the city, making Bike Share the most accessible way to get around and explore.

How it works

●Become an Annual Member or buy a day Pass to access the system.

●Find an available bike nearby, and get a ride code or use your member key to unlock it.

●Take as many short rides as you want while your pass or membership is active.

●Return your bike to any station, and wait for the green light on the dock(停靠点)to make sure it’s locked.

Choose a plan

●For visitors

Day Pass: $7. Unlimited 30-minute rides in a 24-hour period.

3-Day Pass: $15. Unlimited 30-minute rides in a 72-hour period.

●For locals

Monthly Pass: $25. Unlimited 30-minute rides for a month.

Annual Membership: $90. Unlimited 30-minute rides for a whole year. The Annual Membership is the best deal for locals of Toronto and other frequent riders.

The first 30 minutes of each ride is included with the membership or pass price. Avoid extra fees by dropping off your bike every 30 minutes at any other station. If you keep a bike out for longer than 30 minutes at a time, you will be charged an extra $1.50 for the first 30 minutes over, $4 for the next 30 minutes, and $7 for each additional 30 minutes after that.

Contact us

●Customer Service: (855)898-2388

●Repair Service: (855)-2378

●Corporation Partners: (855)898-2398

●Employment Opportunities: (855)898-2498

1.Which is the most suitable choice for locals in Toronto?

A.Day Pass B.3-Day Pass

C.Monthly Pass D.Annual Membership

2.How much will the extra fee be if you travel for two hours by bike?

A.$5.5 B.$9.5

C.$12.5 D.$15.5

3.For more information about working at Bike Share Toronto, contact it at _________.

A.(855)898-2399 B.(855)898-2378

C.(855)8989-2398 D.(855) 898-2498

4.Which of the following statement is TRUE?

A.A member can get a code or a key to the bike

B.Bike Share Toronto is a non-profit organization

C.Shared bikes have taken the place of other vehicles

D.The green light on the dock shows the bike is unlocked

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Long long ago there lived an administrator(管理者）who often thought,"Nothing good can come to a town or a village whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems."One day,he had an idea to teach people a lesson.

The administrator dressed up and went to a village nearby.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched.

The first person who came along the street was a milkman with his cart.He crashed into the stone,spilling the milk everywhere."What fool put this stone here?"he shouted.He picked himself up and angrily went away.

A moment later,a group of women down the street,each balanced a pot of water on her head.One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground.She picked herself up and limed away in tears.Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.

The administrator kept watching all day as many people complained about the stone,but he found nobody making an attempt to move it.The administrator was deeply disappointed.“Is there no one  this village who feels it very important to keep their neighbors from harm

注意：

1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；

2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；

3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好：

4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Just then,a young girl was coming along.

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The administrator stepped out from behind the tree,

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