The benefits of positive emotions don't stop after a few minutes of good feelings. In fact, the biggest benefit that positive emotions provide is an improved ability to build skills and develop resources for use in later life.

A child, who runs around outside, swinging on branches and playing with friends, develops the ability to move athletically (physical skills), the ability to play with others and communicate with a team( social skills) ，and the ability. to explore and examine the world around them( creative skills). In this way, the positive emotions of play and joy cause the child to build skills that are useful and valuable in everyday life,

These skills last much longer than the emotions. Years later, that foundation of athletic movement might develop into a scholarship as a college athlete or the communication skills may develop into a job offer as a l business manager. The, happiness that developed the exploration and creation of new skills has long since ended, but the skills themselves live on.

All of this research begs the most important questions of all: if positive thinking is so useful for developing valuable skills and appreciating the big picture of life, how do you actually get yourself to be positive? Well, anything that arouses feelings of joy，satisfaction and love will do the trick.  You probably know what things work well for you. Maybe it’s playing the guitar. Maybe it's spending time with a certain person.

Recent research by Fredrickson and her colleagues shows that people who meditate( 深思) daily display more positive emotions than those who do not. As expected, people who meditated also built. valuable long-term skills. For example, three months after the experiment was over, those people who meditated daily continued to display increased mindfulness, purposes in life, social support , and decreased symptoms( 症状) of illness.

It is necessary to include play time in your schedule. We have plans for meetings, conference calls and other responsibilities in our daily life... Why not spare some time for play? Give yourself chances to smile and enjoy the benefits of positive emotions. Spare some time for play and adventure so that you can find joy, and explore and build new skills.

1.What can be learned from the second paragraph?

A.Play and joy are beneficial to kids. B.Physical skills are good for social skills.

C.It is necessary to hurt kids' positive emotions. D.It is difficult to encourage kids to explore.

2.Speaking of developing positive thinking ,_________.

A.it is a must in daily life B.playing the guitar is the best way

C.your friends have a big effect on you D.different people have different methods

3.What does the research mentioned in Para. 5 show?

A.Meditation can give you short-term skills.

B.Meditation can make you have a good rest.

C.Meditation can reduce your work stress quickly.

D.Meditation can help you both mentally and physically.

4.What should you do when you make your plans in daily life according to the text?

A.You should have a positive attitude. B.You should ignore all your extra work.

C.You should consider your leisure time. D.You should put your satisfaction and joy first.

    Frederick learned how to read and write at an early age. He also worked hard in the Baltimore Shipyards and saw how horrible slavery could be. He was beaten on several occasions,by his masters and other shipyard workers. He finally decided to escape, dressed as a sailor, and made it to the North.

In New Bedford, Massachusetts, in 1838, Frederick married Anna Murray. The couple soon met up with a black man named Nathan Johnson, who invited them to stay with him and his family. At that time, Johnson was reading Sir Walter Scott's book The Lady of the Lake. . Eager to leave his old identity behind, Frederick. changed his last name to Douglass, after a character in the book.

His first exposure to the Anti-Slavery Society was through reading the newspaper, The Liberator. He soon met William Lloyd Garrison, the newspaper' s editor and one of the leaders of the Anti-Slavery Society. Douglass gave a speech at a Society meeting, and many people were very much impressed. Douglass then went to work for the Society. And he worked for it for many years.

After a time, people began to doubt the sincerity of his stories. How could this man who spoke with such big words and such high- minded concepts have been a slave just a short time ago? To answer these charges，Douglass published his life story, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave.

Douglass then went to England, where he made important friends in England, who helped him buy his freedom. Frederick Douglass returned to the United States in 1847 as a free man. He moved to Rochester, New York, and began publishing a newspaper, The North Star. The newspaper’s motto was this: “Right is of no sex, truth is of no color and we are all fellow citizens.”

After Lincoln's election and the outbreak of the Civil War, Douglass continued to press for the freedom of slaves and a new cause, the introduction of black soldiers into the Union Army. In 1863，both the things happened. Lincoln issued The Emanci pation Proclamation, and Congress passed a law approving black soldiers in the army.

Frederick Douglass died in 1895 after a long illness. His voice continued to be heard long after his death.

1.Why did Frederick change his name to Douglass?

A.To forget his terrible past. B.To stay with Nathan Johnson's family.

C.To get a job in the Anti -Slavery Society. D.To make the name easy to remember.

2.How did Douglass begin to know the Antir-Slavery Society?

A.By giving a speech at a Society meeting. B.By working for the Anti-Slavery Society.

C.By meeting William Lloyd Garrison. D.By reading the Society' s newspaper.

3.For what purpose did Douglass publish his life story?

A.To get the money to travel to England.

B.To tell others his own terrible experience.

C.To clarify some people' s doubt about his stories.

D.To continue his struggle for the freedom of slaves.

4.When did Douglass become a free man?

A.Before he went to England. B.After he met Nathan Johnson.

C.In 1847 when he returned from the UK. D.After Lincoln's election as president of the US.

1.Which of the following is true about the book written by Cuban?

A.It focuses on the technological reform in education.

B.It helps with students' mathematical ability.

C.It aims to improve pre- school education.

D.It is based on various academic studies.

2.How much should you pay if you want to buy a book about how to discover general rules and principles?

A.$27. 05. B.$32. 00. C.$ 60.00. D.$84.63.

3.Which book is the most culture-specific?

A.Mathematical Induction. B.The White Chalk of Days.

C.The Fight for America 's Schools. D.The Flight of a Butterfly or the Path of a Bullet?

假定你是李华，你准备参加学校的旗袍设计大赛，想邀请留学生 Mandy 一起合作设计并请她担任模特展示作品，内容包括：1. 写信目的；2. 比赛内容；3. 诚挚邀请。

注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：qipao 旗袍

Dear Mandy,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

请修改下面的短文。短文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。

注意：1.每句不超过两个错误；

2. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

3. 只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。

Last year, I join a volunteer club to help those people in need. The first activity I participated was to hold a charity sale to collect the money and donations, and then take it to a primary school into deep mountains. The activity was successfully as most of the students supported this charity, donated the money and study materials with kindness. At the weekends, we took the donations to the primary school, which we saw the smiles on children faces, and their poor study circumstances. It was the experiences what made me feel the responsibility to make some differences to their life.

阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

From the “Roman Warm Period” to the “Little Ice Age” that began in the 14th century, periods of hot and cold weather1. (extend) for centuries. As a result, many have argued that the current period of global warming2.(be) part of a natural pattern and the human role in creating3. has been exaggerated.

This new study suggests that is not4. case. Scientists reconstructed the major climate events of the past 2,000 years by looking around 700 records, tree rings, ice cores and lake sediments(沉淀物) 5. (include). Not one single event affected as much of the world6.the present period of warming is now doing. Other scientists7. have looked at the study have been impressed by the quality of the research.

The researchers involved argue that the new 8. (finding) reveal many theories put forward by climate scientists9. (explain) the rise in temperatures, including changes in solar activity. The current period of climate change is mainly down to humans, they insist. Natural causes, they say, are10. (simple) not sufficient to explain the warming scene over the last century and a half.

    Wayne, 28, faced a long trip. He had to_____________the world to be at the hospital for his wife's scheduled caesarian delivery(剖宫产).

In a_______,  he flew from India to Singapore and then to Philadelphia, where matters grew _______. Storms caused a cancellation so he was_______ to stay in a hotel overnight. He_______ to fly on Thursday morning.

While sitting on the plane, they needed to_______  the engineer's regular check on   the airplane. Remaining_______ on the plane for 30 minutes, everybody had to get off.   After that was delay after delay.

“Because of the_______, there were not rental vehicles from the airport,” Wayne said. “I would have_______ all of it I'm afraid.”

________ , word of Wayne's trouble started________among passengers. His story reached Sharon Vickers who also had to meet a________-reaching Charleston by noon on Friday. Her vehicle was________ at the airport for she lives in the Philadelphia area. After________  herself, she said, "I’m getting to West Virginia tonight, whatever ________ , so I can give you a lift. Are you________ to join me?”

Wayne didn't________ wait to get his suitcase. They drove for the eight hours and arrived at the________ just past midnight. His 9-pound, 8-ounce boy, Cooper, was born the next morning.

“Without Sharon's help, I never would have________it,” Wayne said. “All she wanted ________was pictures of the baby.”

1.A.head for B.get around C.drive along D.march into

2.A.mess B.hurry C.way D.week

3.A.compulsory B.complex C.practical D.strange

4.A.scheduled B.encouraged C.reminded D.forced

5.A.afforded B.intended C.offered D.promised

6.A.experience B.observe C.confirm D.finish

7.A.seated B.frightened C.unnoticed D.relaxed

8.A.roads B.prices C.storms D.crowds

9.A.arranged B.avoided C.missed D.rewarded

10.A.Fortunately B.Merely C.Normally D.Particularly

11.A.disturbing B.working C.appearing D.circulating

12.A.criterion B.deadline C.trouble D.chance

13.A.parked B.exchanged C.evaluated D.discovered

14.A.introducing B.describing C.comforting D.expressing

15.A.payment B.program C.support D.difficulty

16.A.cautious B.suitable C.content D.willing

17.A.still B.even C.ever D.yet

18.A.office B.hospital C.car D.airport

19.A.made B.seen C.driven D.proved

20.A.in nature B.in person C.in secret D.in return

    Chuck was in my high-school English class.1.So, when he told me he had been accepted into the journalism program at the University of Missouri, I wasn’t surprised.

During the first year at college, Chuck stopped by school a few times. We talked about our work together several years before. We had raised money together for twenty-three sick and abandoned babies.2.. It was an activity that in some ways changed our formal relationship into a friendship.

In his second year in college, it was discovered that Chuck had lung cancer and had only a short while to live. So he left school and came home to be near to his loved ones.

About six weeks later, Chuck died.3.The youngest of nine children, Chuck was talented and full of promise. More importantly, he was a good person, a just man.

When I went to his funeral, his father asked to speak with me. He told me that before Chuck’s death, he chose six items to bury with him.4.He told me that Chuck had always kept the piece because he liked the message I had written to him at the bottom of the last page. In that little note, I affirmed his talent as a writer and I encouraged him to be responsible for the gift.

5.His taking my note with him forever offered me a great opportunity for influencing students’ lives. I felt inspired with a sense of purpose that was greater than ever: teachers have the power to affect hearts and minds for a long time.

A. It was a great loss for everyone, especially for his family.

B. Chuck helped to raise several thousand dollars.

C. Whenever I forget my purpose, I think of Chuck.

D. He was a writer of great promise.

E. My spirits were lifted up as Chuck was filled with the joy of life.

F. One of them was an essay he had written in my class some years before.

G. I was touched and grateful to Chuck who gave me a special gift that would change my life.

Panic Buying

Shoppers around the world are crazy buying because of fears over the coronavirus(新型冠状病毒), which caused a critical plague in China and even other countries at the beginning of 2020. People in countries such as England, Japan, Singapore and Australia have been emptying supermarket shelves of toilet paper, face masks, hand wash products and dried and canned food. Photos and videos of shoppers in Australia quarreling over the last pack of toilet roll in a supermarket have spread across social media swiftly.

However, governments have advised their citizens that there is no need to “panic buy”. They added that panic buying would only reduce the supply of products needed by patients and medical staff, which could exacerbate the problems the COVID-19 virus is causing. Singapore's prime minister comforted Singaporeans that: “We have enough supplies. There's no need to stock up.” A week after the panic buying fever, things have calmed down and shoppers have gone back to purchasing items in normal quantities.

Psychologists say panic buying is an “unwise” behaviour that is part of a condition called FOMO - the fear of missing out. Dr. Katharina Wittgens said a herd mentality(从众心理) sets in during disasters that causes people to copy the actions of others. People watch the news of items being bought in quantity and immediately rush out to the stores to do the same. She said people were taking on too much the risks of dying from the coronavirus. She said: “Far more people die in car accidents or household accidents per year but we don't panic about these things in the morning before we go to work.”

1.What made shoppers in different countries crazy buying?

A.The approach of 2020 New Year’s Day.

B.The shortage of resources and supplies in their nations.

C.Their concern about the virus.

D.The discount from supermarkets.

2.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A.solve B.release C.worsen D.quicken

3.What is the reason for this behavior according to expert?

A.People tend to follow others’ actions in the period of disaster.

B.People are wiser in making decisions.

C.People think no one needs the supplies.

D.People do not believe what others said.

4.What can be concluded from the last paragraph?

A.People should not panic over the virus.

B.More people die from car accidents.

C.People buy little when they go to the stores.

D.We should panic about the situation.

    Rivers are the veins of the Earth, transporting the water and nutrients (营养物) needed to support the planet’s ecosystems, including human life. While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life, there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet — carbon.

Carbon is everywhere and understanding the way it moves and is either released or stored by the Earth system is a complex science in itself. Carbon starts its journey downstream when natural acid rain, which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere,  melts minerals in rocks. This helps transform carbon dioxide to bicarbonate (碳酸氢盐) in the water that then flows in our rivers. This is a very long process, which is one of the main ways carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. Carbon is transported by rivers to oceans and once that carbon reaches the ocean, it is stored naturally in deep sea sediments (沉淀物) for millions of years.

As carbon travels down a river, different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downstream or whether it is released into the atmosphere. For example, human engineering, like extensive dam construction, will result in dramatic changes to how water and sediments travel down the river. Some carbon that fails to reach the sea may return to the atmosphere in some way, which causes more warming.

Earth’s climate is closely related to the carbon cycle. We all know about the essential role of plants in consuming carbon dioxide, but do we know enough about rivers? Changing the chemistry and the course of rivers may have significant impacts on how they transport carbon. Remember: wherever we live, we all live downstream.

1.Where is the carbon in rivers originally from?

A.The atmosphere. B.The rocks.

C.The acid rain. D.The upstream areas.

2.Why is human engineering mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A.To show how important to life carbon is.

B.To explain how necessary it is to build dams.

C.To show how a natural process is interrupted.

D.To explain how humans fight global warming.

3.What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?

A.We’d better move upstream to live.

B.We should protect plants along rivers.

C.We’d better seek more help from plants.

D.We should be cautious about river management.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.What Humans Do with Rivers

B.How Rivers’ Transporting Carbon Counts

C.What the Carbon Cycle Means to Us

D.How Living Downstream Affects the Earth

    We say that technology is a double-edged sword -while it brings convenience, it also brings new problems. The sword of “social media” even has a gender preference in its damage: It cuts deeper into girls than boys.

Earlier studies have shown that spending too much time on social media is bad for teenagers’ mental health. Constantly watching their friends show off “perfect” lives can hurt their own self-esteem (自尊). That’s not to mention the problems caused by online shaming and bullying (霸凌).

Jean Twenge, a professor at San Diego State University in the US, recently discovered an alarming trend: Since 2010, the number of teenage girls who suffer from major depression – showing signs like self-harm and suicide (自杀) - has increased much faster than that of boys. In an article she wrote at The Conversation, Twenge said social media, again, was to blame.

For starters, girls use social media more than boys. Boys tend to spend their screen time on games, where they talk to their teammates through headphones. This counts as real human contact. Girls, however, simply type and browse through posts, which is a much more isolated (孤立的) experience. “They’re not having a real-time conversation with someone,” Mary Fristad, psychologist at The Ohio State University, told NPR.

And when it comes to online shaming, girls are also more vulnerable than boys. “Girls face more pressure about their appearance, which could be exacerbated (加重) by social media,” wrote Twenge.

Shannon McLaughlin, for example, is an 18-year-old from Blackburn College in the US. She shared with the Guardian how social media made her feel depressed. “I was constantly confronted (面对) by women with skinny bodies who were praised for the way they looked. This was only made worse by the diet fixes and skinny culture,” she said. But McLaughlin found a solution. She started volunteering with the National Citizen Service, where she made face-to-face contact with people. “It’s so easy to forget the importance of real connections when we have hundreds of people that we’re trying to impress at our fingertips,” she told the Guardian. And she hopes that others “look up from their phones and focus more on the world around them”.

1.What did Twenge find in her recent study?

A.Overuse of social media harms teenagers’ mental health.

B.Social media does more harm to girls than boys.

C.Girls suffered more from bullying than boys.

D.Online shaming and bullying are to blame for teenagers’ depression.

2.Why do girls tend to feel more isolated than boys online, according to Mary Fristad?

A.Girls have less real-time interaction with people.

B.Playing games allows boys to have more fun than girls.

C.Girls suffer more pressure on social media.

D.Girls usually desire more contact with others.

3.The underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to“         ”.

A.adjusting oneself well B.fighting back bravely

C.being unconcerned about something D.being likely to be at risk of something

4.What does McLaughlin advise teenage girls to do?

A.Ignore social media and stop following a diet.

B.Connect more with the real world.

C.Constantly take part in volunteer work.

D.Make better use of phones for socializing.

    An increasing number of students worldwide are considering studying abroad. The application process varies from country to country. If you’re looking for a university with a strong international outlook but feel swept over by all the application options, here is some guidance to get you started.

UK

International students must apply to universities in the UK through a system known as Ucas. This system allows students to apply to up to five universities with just one application. It costs £20 for a single choice or £25 for more than one choice.

The application consists of a series of questions to determine the student’s schooling and predicted grades. The biggest part of the application form is the personal statement, in which applicants should describe their personal interests and related experiences.

Switzerland

Switzerland has four official languages and is bordered by five countries so it is no surprise that its universities are among the most international in the world. International applicants may need to take an entrance exam if they have a foreign school certificate, and must also prove that they have a good grasp of the French language, usually through taking a language exam. The full application costs 50 Swiss Francs for a holder of a Swiss diploma and 150 Swiss Francs for holders of foreign diplomas.

Canada

International applicants have to write up a personal profile as part of their application, which is very similar to the personal statement required for a UK university application. Students will also have to prove their English-language competency—there are nine ways to meet the English Language Admission Standard, which are listed on many university websites.

Singapore

The process of applying to a Singaporean university is very much alike, but overseas students may be delighted to find that the domestic applicants have to cover the same procedures: filling out an online application form and submit identification documents, supporting documents and an application fee of S$20.

1.Which country requires international applicants know French well?

A.UK. B.Switzerland.

C.Canada. D.Singapore.

2.What part of the application is similar between the UK and Canada?

A.The application system. B.The number of universities.

C.The application cost. D.The personal statement.

3.What’s special about the application process in Singapore?

A.Applicants need to pay a lot. B.It is much simpler than elsewhere.

C.It’s no different for native students. D.The competition is even more fierce.

假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom听说中国通过扫描二维码就可以轻松实现移动支付，感到好奇，请你写邮件解释。

要点如下：简要介绍。

注意：词数100左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Tom,

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours truly,

Li Hua

短文改错

When I was young, I was terribly poor in the Chinese. Being afraid of express myself was one of the reason why I rarely did well in school. Once I failed in a mid-term exam. When I got the papers, I realized things could have been better if I listened to the teacher much more attentive. So I turned to my teacher for help and he told me “Where there is a will, there is a way. If we are devoted to learning Chinese, you’ll make it.” I couldn’t agree much. From then on, I began to work harder. Out of my expect, I made great progress soon. Today, Chinese is which my strength lies. And I’m grateful for my Chinese teacher.

语法填空

Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) have fixed a hole in the shell of its outer wall. The ISS is a large satellite in space 1. scientists live to do scientific experiments. The first part of it 2. (put) into space in 1998. Last week, NASA warned astronauts on the ISS that air was 3. (slow) leaking out of the station. Astronaut Alexander Gerst and five other astronauts spent a lot of time 4. (look) for the leak. Mr. Gerst eventually found it and he put his finger over the hole. Luckily, the hole was only two millimeters wide, so it was not serious, but it did need 5. (fix).

The hole was in a Russian Soyuz MS-09 spacecraft. NASA said it could have been caused 6. a small piece of space junk. The ISS travels at 7.speed of around 28,000 kph. Even a tiny object 8. (hit) it can cause a lot of damage. Flight 9. (control) in the USA and Russia worked together with the crew to repair the hole.

A NASA official said the crew on the ISS are 10. (health) and safe after the repair.

Lina loves strawberries, but they don’t agree ____ her.

A.on B.with C.above D.over

The girl had hardly rung the bell ____ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.

A.before B.after C.since D.when

As you know, everyone in the government works _____ hardworking taxpayers.

A.in charge of B.for the purpose of C.in honor of D.for the benefit of

Despite such a big difference in _____ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.

A.analysis B.ambition C.attitude D.agreement

What they cannot say is _____ when and where the next earthquake will strike.

A.appropriately B.anxiously C.arbitrary D.precisely

This article lays out the problem and proposes a(n) _____ to solving it.

A.method B.means C.approach D.way

Human rights _____ all people, in all places, at all times, including the world’s children.

A.apply for B.apply to C.adapt to D.adopt to

_____ food and drinks, its stores offer paper and cleaning products and pre-care supplies.

A.Far from B.Instead of C.Regardless of D.Apart from

He says French people are _____ about the future of their country, so it’s not absurd to discuss how to deal with the subject.

A.anxious B.ashamed C.weak D.patient

Stand over there ___ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better.

A.but B.till C.and D.or

As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of _____ energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.

A.primary B.instant C.unique D.alternative

Try ____ he might, he failed to put it off.

A.although B.as C.unless D.if

__ that's important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.

A.One B.All C.Everything D.Anything

Astronauts who are accustomed _____ views that you and I cannot really describe were moved _____ tears when they looked out the windows of the spacecraft for the first time.

A.in, by B.from, by C.to, to D.with, to

Eric, ____ yourself. Did you forget the school rules?

A.behalf B.believe C.behave D.betray