Last week, my friends and I got together to eat delicious Asian fusion chicken wings in our college town. We hadn’t all been ________ for a while, so it was nice catching up and sharing summer plans with each other.

These catch ups, ________, do not allow for deeper ________, especially if someone is ________ sharing personal troubles in a large crowd. After the dinner, three of us got desserts and boba drinks. I ________ that my friend, D, was hovering (徘徊) a bit, seemingly not intending to go as if he wanted or needed our ________ at that time.

Earlier that night during dinner, he also said his second year in college was really ________, so I asked him about his experience again. ________, this time the ________ gate of emotions (情感) opened. He shared with us problems with mental health he had been ________ throughout the year, his trouble with his academics and his relationship with his girlfriend.

My other friend and I ________ to leave, but I asked my friend if we could ________ and listen to D. We did, and we spent another thirty minutes listening to his ________ of mental health, pressure and ________. After our talk, D ________ a message to the both of us later saying he ________ our spending time with him and lending a(n) ________.

This experience showed me how being ________, attentive, and caring about a person can truly ________ their day. It doesn’t have to be a fancy gift. Instead, ________ to listen and care may sometimes be the best gift of all.

1.A.forever B.away C.apart D.together

2.A.instead B.therefore C.however D.besides

3.A.celebration B.conversations C.presentations D.combinations

4.A.uncomfortable B.shocked C.committed D.unreliable

5.A.insisted B.stated C.noticed D.predicted

6.A.response B.recommendation C.comprehension D.company

7.A.slow B.rough C.potential D.slight

8.A.Obviously B.By mistake C.Unluckily D.In return

9.A.flood B.snow C.wind D.sun

10.A.taking up B.deciding on C.dealing with D.burning out

11.A.hesitated B.rejected C.offered D.prepared

12.A.hide B.stay C.permit D.congratulate

13.A.plan B.idea C.version D.story

14.A.violence B.thirst C.anxiety D.starvation

15.A.sent B.received C.pushed D.lent

16.A.evaluated B.doubted C.appreciated D.considered

17.A.shoulder B.leg C.ear D.eye

18.A.persuasive B.mild C.voluntary D.observant

19.A.make B.get C.time D.earn

20.A.promise B.wish C.time D.chance

    The best time to try to fight global warming is now! Any action that reduces water and energy consumption and the build-up of harmful gases in our atmosphere, helps to minimize the effects of global warming. Simple ideas that you can easily put into practice are as follows.

1. Even though some areas experience rainfall, other areas are short of water. At home, simple actions like making sure you turn off the tap while brushing your teeth will make a difference to both the environment and your water bill!

Turn off devices (设备) that are not in use. 2. Thus, you can easily develop the habit of leaving something on. Not only is this bad for the devices themselves, but also you end up wasting energy needlessly. Before smartphones and computers, there were games consuming no energy at all. 3. Surely, you will enjoy yourselves without worsening global warming.

Walk or cycle as much as possible. Not only are these great ways to get some exercise, but they are the least polluting means of transport. For short distances, walking and cycling should really be your first choice. Nowadays, there are many shared bikes available. 4.

Use public transport or car pool (拼车). If you need to travel longer distances, public transport is greenest. 5. You could also try out car pool. These are designed to save you money and fill up cars that would normally be driven empty on the roads.

A.Treat water as something precious.

B.Learn something about water waste.

C.Electronic devices are around the house these days.

D.That means you don t even have to own one to get around.

E.There are many devices that are good for the environment.

F.You can try to find plenty of ideas for traditional games and toys.

G.Taking the bus or subway is better than getting in your car and driving.

    The entire global population of marbled crayfish (龙纹虾) has been traced to a single female held in a German aquarium (水族馆), which was born with the ability to reproduce without males. Every marbled crayfish is female, and every egg laid is an exact clone of its mother. The ability to reproduce quickly with such ease made them popular in the aquarium trade, but when they found their way into the wild, the crayfish got out of control.

The first known marbled crayfish appeared in 1995. Since then, they have spread into the wild and populated in freshwater ecosystems around the world. Scientists studying this animal have raised the alarm about its likely influence on local wildlife, ecosystems and agriculture as it spreads into new environments. Successful non-native species like the marbled crayfish often cause trouble when they arrive in new environments, as they can feed on local wildlife or compete with it for resources.

According to Dr Frank Lyko, a researcher at the German Cancer Research Centre, the first marbled crayfish appeared due to a sudden change in its parents’ cells. It was an animal that reproduces clonally and therefore represents a model of a central aspect in tumor (肿瘤) development.

“Tumor genomes (基因组) also develop clonally, because they go back to a single original cell,” he said. However, both crayfish and tumors are still able to adapt to their environments through a process termed “clonal evolution”, and in both cases this can be harmful. In crayfish, their ability to adapt means they can spread to a variety of different environments and climates, and in tumors this means they can develop resistance (抵抗) against cancer-targeting drugs.

At present, with the potential influence of the increasing marbled crayfish on local places, governments from different places are working on controlling their population.

1.What does the text say about marbled crayfish in the wild?

A.They prove popular. B.They are under control.

C.They can be troublesome. D.They are out of condition.

2.What does Dr Frank Lyko try to explain?

A.The reason for marbled crayfish’s clonal reproduction.

B.The similarities between marbled crayfish and tumors.

C.The way to stop marbled crayfish cloning themselves.

D.The harmful influence marbled crayfish have on health.

3.What are governments doing about marbled crayfish now?

A.Working on removing all of them. B.Trying to limit the quantity of them.

C.Taking control of them with drugs. D.Connecting them with harmful tumors.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Why Marbled Crayfish Reproduce Rapidly

B.The Population of Marbled Crayfish Is Huge

C.The Spread of Marbled Crayfish Is Worrying

D.How to Control the Number of Marbled Crayfish

    On an island in northern Norway, the sun doesn’t set from May 18 right through to July 26. The locals, having spent the long polar night from November to January, when the sun doesn’t rise at all, make the most of these months, with no regard to conventional timekeeping. The island intends to exchange its watches for flower garlands (花环) and declare itself the world’s first time-free zone (地区).

“There’s constant daylight, and we act accordingly,” says islander Kjell Ove Hveding in a statement. “In the middle of the night, which citizens might call ‘2 am’, you can spot children playing soccer, people painting their houses or mowing their lawns (草坪), and teens going for a swim.”

Now they want to make it official. Islanders gathered at a town hall meeting to sign a petition (请愿) for a time-free zone and on June 13, Hveding met with a Norwegian member of parliament (国会) to hand over the locals’ signatures and to discuss the practical and legal challenges.

“To us, getting this in writing would simply mean formalizing something we have been practicing for generations,” he says.

Islanders hope to be free of traditional opening hours and to introduce flexibility in school and working hours. Fishing and tourism are the main industries on this island with a population of little more than 300 people. Local fisher and women often spend days on the ocean for their catch, with little regard to timetable.

It’s clear that they mean business. When visitors cross the bridge to the island from the airland, they aren’t greeted with padlocks (symbolizing love locks) like on similar bridges worldwide. The bridge is covered with watches, as people prepare for entry to the land time forgot.

1.What do the islanders normally do at midnight from May 18 to July 26?

A.Struggle with strong light. B.Sleep like outside people.

C.Turn watches into flowers. D.Do daily work or have fun.

2.According to Hveding, the islanders’ living a life free of time ________.

A.is difficult to describe B.proves practical and legal

C.is a new kind of lifestyle D.has been a long tradition

3.What does the author mean by “they mean business” underlined in the last paragraph?

A.The islanders are serious about being free of time.

B.The islanders intend to treat tourism as business.

C.Visitors are ready to enter a time-free island

D.Visitors actually prefer watches on bridges.

4.What is the main idea of the text?

A.Islanders in Norway have been free from time.

B.An island wants to be a time-free zone officially.

C.It’s time to lead a life without the limit of time.

D.An island won’t be open to the world any longer.

    Cruz Genet, 11, and Anthony Skopick, 10, couldn’t agree. Were the birds out on the ice ducks or geese? So on a cold January evening last year, the two friends ventured (冒险) onto the frozen pond near their homes in Frankfort, Illinois, to get a better look. First, they threw a rock onto the ice to test it, Cruz told NBC 5 Chicago. “Then we stepped on it.” Convinced the ice would hold their weight, Anthony took a few steps, but then he fell through the seemingly frozen surface.

Cruz rushed to help his panicked friend. However, the pond swallowed him, too. Cruz managed to lift himself out of the extremely cold water and onto a more solid section. He then gingerly worked his way toward Anthony. But the ice didn’t hold, and he fell in again. This ime, he couldn’t get out.

The boys were up to their necks in icy water and quickly losing feeling. Any chance of their freeing themselves was slipping away. Cruz was sure that he was going to die.

Anthony’s older sister had seen the boys fall through the ice and started screaming, wishing someone to save them.

John Lavin, a neighbor driving nearby on his way to the grocery store, heard her. He quickly pulled over. Seeing the boys, he grabbed (抓住) a nearby buoy (救生圈), kicked off his shoes, and ran into the cold water, struggling his way through the ice. Lavin made his way to Cruz and Anthony and pulled them back to land.

The boys were taken to the hospital, where doctors discovered that their five- minute stay in the water had lowered their body temperature nearly ten degrees. Fortunately, they have fully recovered, though they are still a little amazed by their fearless neighbor. “Just to think,” says Cruz, “if he hadn’t been there, I could have died.”

1.Why did the boys venture onto the frozen pond?

A.To have a better look at the frozen pond.

B.To catch the birds in the pond with rocks.

C.To find out what the birds on the ice were.

D.To test the thickness of the ice in the pond.

2.What does the underlined word “gingerly” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A.Casually. B.Proudly.

C.Firmly. D.Cautiously.

3.What drew John Lavin’s attention to the boys?

A.Anthony’s older sister’s cry for help. B.Cruz’s loud and frightening scream.

C.Their shoes along the nearby pond. D.Their neighbors’ pulling them back.

4.Which of the following words can best describe John Lavin?

A.Hard-working and helpful. B.Warm-hearted and courageous.

C.Curious and selfless. D.Active and generous.

    The following places will give you an unexpected travelling experience.

Svalbard

If you’re a fan of winter activities, but in need of some sun, then perhaps a May trip to Svalbard is in order. Svalbard is located about 620 miles south of the North Pole. In late spring, the sun never dips below the horizon, and it means you can take in all the Vitamin D you desire for. Popular activities in the area include hiking and wildlife spotting.

Namibia

During spring, Namibia is considered as the perfect destination with reduced travel costs and cooler evenings. National Geographic Travel says that the watering holes start to dry up again in late May, which attracts giraffes and black rhinos from their hiding spots. If you’re more of an adventurous explorer, head to the Namib Desert for a spot of sand boarding on the dunes (沙丘).

Japan

If you want to catch the wonderful cherry blossom season in Japan, National Geographic Travel says you should head there between January and May. Recommended activities include taking a dip in the hot springs in Kawazu and boating down the Kitakami River to Tenshochi Park where 10,000 cherry trees turn into charming pale pink avenues.

Upper Amazon, Peru

For travelers looking for a sense of adventure, National Geographic Travel proposes a trip to the upper Amazon in Peru. It notes that by May, the water levels will have increased, allowing for improved navigation and cooler temperatures.

1.Which place is fit for visitors fond of desert adventures?

A.Svalbard. B.Namibia

C.Japan. D.Upper Amazon, Peru.

2.What can you do when travelling in Tenshochi Park in May?

A.Plant cherry trees. B.Swim in the hot springs.

C.Enjoy beautiful flowers. D.Take a boat on the river.

3.Which month is the best time for people to visit the four places?

A.May. B.March.

C.April. D.February.

请认真阅读下面有关我国出国留学低龄化现象的图表及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

（写作内容）

1. 用约30个单词概述两张图表信息的主要内容；

2. 出国留学低龄化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法（上述文字信息仅供参考，原因不少于两点）；

3. 作为高中生，你会选择在国内上大学还是出国留学？请简要说明理由（不少于两点）。

（写作要求）

1. 表明个人观点，同时提供理由或论据；

2. 阐述观点或提供论据时，不得直接引用原文中的句子；

3. 文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

4. 不必写标题。

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词，请将答案写在答题卷上相应题号的横线上。

Could a Doodle （涂鸦）Replace Your Password?

Nearly 80 percent of Americans own a smartphone, and a growing proportion of them use smartphones to surf the Internet, not just when they’re on the go. This leads to people storing considerable amounts of personal and private data on their mobile devices.

Often, there is just one layer of security protecting all that data--emails and text messages, social media profiles, bank accounts and credit cards, even other passwords to online services. It’s the password that unlocks the smartphone’s screen. Usually this involves entering a number, or just laying a fingertip a sensor.

Over the past couple of years, my research group, my colleagues and I have designed, created and tested a better way. We call it “user-generated free-form gestures,” which means smartphone owners can draw their own security pattern on the screen. It’s a very simple idea that is surprisingly secure.

1. IMPROVING TODAY'S WEAK SECURITY

It might seem that biometric (生物识别的) authentication (认证), like a fingerprint, could be stronger. But it’s not, because most systems that let a user allow fingerprint access also require a PIN (Personal Identification Number) or a password as a backup method. A user or thief could skip the biometric method and instead just enter (or guess) a PIN or a password. Compared to other methods, our approach dramatically increases the potential length and complexity of a password. Users simply draw a pattern across an entire touchscreen, using any number of locations on the screen.

2. MEASURING DRAWINGS

As users draw a shape or pattern on the screen, we track their fingers, recording the directions and speed. We compare that track to one recorded when they set up the gesture-based login. This protection can be added just by software changes; it needs no specific hardware or other modifications to existing touchscreen devices. As touchscreens become more common on laptop computers, this method could be used to protect them too.

Our system also allows people to use more than one finger — though some participants wrongly assumed that making simple gestures with multiple fingers would be more secure than the same gesture with just one finger. The key to improving security using one or more fingers is to make a design that is not easy to guess.

3. EASY TO DO AND REMEMBER, HARD TO BREAK

Some people who participated in our studies created gestures that could be articulated as symbols, such as digits, geometric shapes (like a cylinder) and musical notations which are easy for them to remember. Even a relatively simple symbol, like an eighth note, can be drawn in so many different ways that calculating the possible variations is computationally intensive and consumes plenty of time. This is unlike text passwords, for which variations are simple to try out.

4. REPLACING MORE THAN ONE PASSWORD

Our research has extended beyond just using a gesture to unlock a smartphone. We have explored the potential for people to use doodles instead of passwords on several websites. Unappeared to be easier to remember multiple gestures than it is to recall different passwords for each site.

In fact, it was faster. Logging in with a gesture took two to six seconds less time than doing so with a text password. It’s faster to generate a gesture than a password, too. People spent 42 percent less time generating gesture credentials than people we studied who had to make up new passwords. We also found that people could successfully enter gestures without spending as much attention on them as they had to with text passwords.

Gesture-based interactions are popular and prevalent on mobile platforms, and are increasingly making their way to touchscreen-equipped laptops and desktops. The owners of those types of devices could benefit from a quick,easy and more secure authentication methods like ours.

    "Why do we have to learn all this dumb stuff?"

Of all the complaints and questions I have heard from my students during my years in the classroom, this was the one most frequently asked. I would answer it by telling the following legend.

One night a group of nomads(游牧民) were preparing to retire for the evening when suddenly they were surrounded by a great light. They knew they were in the presence of a godly being. With great expectation, they awaited a heavenly message of great importance that they knew must be especially for them.

Finally, the voice spoke, "Gather as many pebbles (鹅卵石) as you can. Put them in your bags. Travel a day's journey and tomorrow night will find you glad and it will find you sad."

The nomads shared their disappointment and anger with each other. They had expected the

inspiration of a great universal truth that would enable them to create wealth, health and purpose for the world. But instead they were given a silly task that made no sense to them at all. However, the memory of the brilliance of their visitor caused each one to pick up a few pebbles and store them in their bags while voicing their displeasure.

They traveled a day's journey and that night while making camp, they reached into their bags and discovered every pebble they had gathered had become a diamond. They were glad they had diamonds. They were sad they had not gathered more pebbles.

It was an experience I had with a student, whom I shall call Alan, early in my teaching career that illustrated the truth of that legend to me.

When Alan was in the eighth grade, he majored in "trouble" with a minor in "suspensions (停学)". He had studied how to be a bully and was getting his master's degree in "thievery".

Every day I had my students memorize a quotation from a great thinker. As I called roll, I would begin a quotation. To be counted present, the student would be expected to finish the thought.

"Alice Adams--- 'There is no failure except..."'

"'In no longer trying.' I'm present, Mr. Schlatter."

So, by the end of the year, my young pupils would have memorized 150 great thoughts.

"People nowadays know the price of everything and the value of nothing."

"No pains, no gains."

"If you can conceive it, and believe it, you can achieve it."

No one complained about this daily routine other than Alan - right up to the day he was expelled(开除) and I lost touch with him for five years. Then one day, he called. He was in a special program at one of the neighboring colleges and had just finished parole（假释）.

He told me that after being sent to juvenile hall (少管所) and finally being shipped off to the

California Youth Authority for his wrong doings, he had become so disgusted with himself that he had taken a razor blade and cut his wrists.

He said, "You know what, Mr. Schlatter, as I lay there with my life running out of my body, I

suddenly remembered that quote you made me write 20 times one day." There is no failure except in no longer trying." Then it suddenly made sense to me. As long as I was alive, I wasn't a failure, but if I allowed myself to die, I would most certainly die a failure. So with my remaining strength, I called for help and started a new life."

At the time he had heard the quotation, it was a pebble. When he needed guidance in a moment of crisis, it had become a diamond. And so it is to you I say, gather all the pebbles you can, and you can count on a future filled with diamonds.

1.What does the underlined sentence "it will find you sad" mean?

A.The God told the nomads to gather pebbles that made no sense to them.

B.The pebbles won't enable the nomads to create fortune.

C.The God didn't give the nomads the message they expected.

D.The nomads regretted not having gathered as many pebbles as possible.

2.Which of following sentences from the passage brings out the author's sense of humor?

A.They were given a silly task that made no sense to them at all. (Para. 5)

B.He majored in "trouble" with a minor in "suspensions. (Para. 8)

C.People nowadays know the price of everything and the value of nothing. (Para. 13)

D.You can count on a future filled with diamonds. (Para. 19)

3.Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage?

A.Not all the nomads gathered and stored some pebbles in their bags.

B.Students who finished the half-sentence quotation were counted present.

C.All students don't like the daily routine of finishing the half-sentence quotation.

D.It was the strong faith of never dying a failure that saved Alan's life.

4.Why did Alan commit suicide after being shipped off to the California Youth Authority?

A.He hated the hard life in the juvenile hall.

B.He was expelled by the school in the end.

C.He was badly treated at the California Youth Authority.

D.He felt so disappointed and hopeless about himself and his future.

5.According to the passage, we can conclude that Mr. Schlatter is an educator of _____.

A.sympathy and kindness B.wisdom and patience

C.generosity and creativity D.faith and devotion

6.Which of the following may probably be the best title?

A.A naughty trouble-marker. B.Pebbles and nomads.

C.The magic pebble. D.A quotation that saved life.

    Did you hear what happened at yesterday’s meeting? Can you believe it? If you find those sorts of quietly whispered questions about your co-workers irresistible, you're hardly alone. But why are we drawn to gossip?

A new study suggests it’s because the rumors are all about us”. Gossip receivers tend to use positive and negative group information to improve, promote, and protect the self,” writes a research team, led by Elena Martinescu of the University of Groningen in the Netherlands. In the journal Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, the researchers described two experiments team, led by Elena Martinescu of the University described two experiments testing the personal value gossip receivers get.

The first featured 178 university undergraduates, who had all previously worked on at least one course assignment with a group of four or more students. Participants were asked to recall and write a short description of an incident, in which a group member shared with them either positive or negative information about another group member’s secret. They then reported their level of agreement with a series of statements. Some of these measured the self-improvement value of the gossip (“The information received made me think I learn a lot from X”); others measured its self-promotion value (“The information I received made me feel that I am doing well compared to X”). Still others measured whether the gossip raised personal concerns (“The information I received made me feel that I must protect my image in the group”).

In the second experiment, 122 undergraduates were assigned the role of “sales agent” at a major company. They received gossip from a colleague that a third person either did very well or very badly at a performance evaluation, and were then asked about the emotions that information caused. They also responded to the above-mentioned set of statements presented to the participants in the first experiment.

In each experiment, participants found both negative and positive gossip to be of personal value with different reasons. “Positive gossip has self-improvement value,” they write. “'Competence-related positive gossip about others contains lessons about how to improve one's own competence. On the other hand, negative gossip has self-promotion value, because it provides individuals with social comparison information that justifies self-promoting judgments which results in feelings of pride.”

In addition, the results showed that negative gossip brought about self-protection concerns, the researchers write. “Negative gossip makes people concerned that their reputations may be at risk, as they may personally become targets of negative gossip in the future, which generates fear”. Fear is hardly a pleasant sensation (感觉), but it can be a motivating one. As researchers put it: “Gossip conveniently provides individuals with indirect social-comparison information about relevant others.”

1.Why are we drawn to gossip according to the researchers?

A.We need evaluative information about others to evaluate ourselves.

B.We are interested in the news that arouses our personal concerns.

C.We tend to gain a sense of pride from judging others.

D.We are likely to learn lessons from others’ mistakes.

2.According to the first experiment, which of the following shows self-promotion value?

A.I have to learn from Mary according to what Tom said about her.

B.I should behave myself in case of being gossiped about like Mary.

C.I’ve done better than Mary according to what Tom said about her.

D.I have no comments on what Tom said about Mary.

3.What’s the critical difference of the second experiment compared with the first one?

A.The identities of the participants.

B.The number of the participants studied.

C.The time during which the experiment lasted.

D.The role-play technique used in experiment.

4.What role does “negative gossip” play according to the researchers?

A.A fear killer. B.A protector.

C.A motivator. D.A subject provider.

    Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you”ll have no trouble answering these questions.

Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness, but distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear, we are numb (麻木的) to new stimulation (剌激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.

The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they'd felt cold water at first.

Another block to awareness is the obsession (痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides , and said, a “ruby-crowned kinglet” and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.

The pressures of “time” and “destination” are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. “Oh, a few birds,” they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.

Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.

1.According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more ______.

A.anxious to do wonders B.sensitive to others’ feelings

C.likely to develop unpleasant habits D.eager to explore the world around them

2.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?

A.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.

B.They focus on arriving at the camp in time.

C.The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them.

D.The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.

3.In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should ______.

A.fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world

B.get rid of some bad habits in our daily life

C.open our mind to new things and ideas

D.try our best to protect nature

    For many parents, the most confusing part about choosing pre-schools is trying to make sense of terms such as “Montessori Method”, “Waldorf Approach”. What do these terms mean and how can these terms help you choose a preschool?

Oftentimes, the key difference between settings is connected to the preschool’s “educational philosophy”. While educational philosophies are numerous and their definitions are not set in stone, we have provided you with definitions for some of the most popular philosophies.

The Montessori Method

Focuses on maintaining the individuality of each child in the learning process. This method believes each child learns at their own pace and educational progress should not be rendered based on comparing students to one another.

The Reggio Emilia Approach

This approach focuses on providing opportunities for problem solving through creative thinking and exploration.

The Waldorf Approach

This approach places an emphasis on imagination in learning, providing students with opportunities to explore their world through the senses, participation and analytical thought.

The Bank Street Approach

This approach places an emphasis on learning through multiple perspectives, both in the classroom setting and in the natural world.

The High/ Scope Approach

This approach focuses on letting children be in charge of their own learning. Children are taught to make a plan for what they would like to do each day and participate in a review session to discuss the success of their plan and brainstorm ideas for the next day.

Outside of the formal educational philosophy, knowing the difference between other common early childhood terms will help you make informed decisions regarding your child’s education.

1.If a pre-school stresses each child’s learning progress, it may employ ___________.

A.The Reggio Emilia Approach B.The Montessori Method

C.The Bank Street Approach D.The Waldorf Approach

2.According to the passage, which of the following is True ?

A.The Scope Approach is to let children learn all by themselves.

B.The definitions of educational philosophy remain the same.

C.To some extent, educational philosophies determine the differences between preschools.

D.The most confusing part about choosing pre-school is to choose educational philosophy.

    “How dare you? I’m fed up with you doing this!” My anger finally _______ when my son refused to go to the painting classes for the third time that day. After I believe that I had _______ him out of his unwillingness earlier, he responded with _______ but an attitude of rolling his eyes at me. And it was this unexplained, unexpected _______ that fueled with my anger. To restore my _______, I played bitter sarcasm (讽刺), “OK, if you wanna be a good-for-nothing,then move back to bed for that _______ sleep.” It turned out that my strategy was a total _______ Seemingly, he took it willingly. I lost complete control of my temper .

“You are such a disgrace. Bad boy!” I was doing another bombard of curses when my sister came visiting us to check if we were _______. At the sight of the tension between us,my sister _______ him a trip to her place. He took it with a __________ heart and relief.

They left __________ me in absolute loneliness. Into this darkness I sank, pulling my mind down to a state of  __________. Did such anger come only from his misbehavior? Negative.Had I given it a chance to listen to and understand him? Negative. My __________ work, boring house chores, my kid’s hope for my __________ and my guilt of sacrificing the time with him for the completion of work all led to the __________ of my anger.

I didn’t have the __________ to admit my fault before a kid. When I saw him avoiding my presence the moment I stepped into his shelter, I felt __________ and frustrated. So I __________ and was about to leave when my son dashed to grab my leg, begging wildly for my mercy. My tears coursed down my face.

For those who believe “Sticks and stones may break the bone, but words can never hurt Anyone”, I have a piece of heartfelt advice. Don’t __________ try this weapon against the people you love. It is sharp enough to cut the deepest into a soul, leaving a(n)  __________ in heart.

1.A.gave out B.burst out C.made out D.went out

2.A.ordered B.told C.talked D.asked

3.A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything

4.A.rebellion B.compromise C.impression D.innocence

5.A.reason B.identity C.reputation D.authority

6.A.useless B.short C.restless D.light

7.A.survival B.success C.change D.disaster

8.A.free B.okay C.available D.quarrelsome

9.A.awarded B.promised C.offered D.organized

10.A.light B.soft C.broken D.sinking

11.A.abolishing B.settling C.involving D.abandoning

12.A.shock B.despair C.activity D.blankness

13.A.demanding B.fascinating C.outstanding D.rewarding

14.A.forgiveness B.companionship C.assistance D.sympathy

15.A.explosion B.control C.disappearance D.reflection

16.A.confidence B.opportunity C.courage D.intention

17.A.angry B.lonely C.calm D.hurt

18.A.went over B.showed up C.walked around D.turned back

19.A.just B.even C.ever D.yet

20.A.space B.scar C.impression D.footprint

—What’s wrong with you? Why do you look so sad?

— ______ ! I’ve lost all my files on the computer. It is total disaster.

A.Go to the bad B.Come off it C.Just my luck D.Count my blessing

We’ll make the final decision on our scheme. ______ you change your mind, please inform us as soon as possible.

A.Should B.Were C.Would D.Had

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau says “an entire country is in shock and mourning” ______ a deadly bus crash in the province of Saskatchewan.

A.in the absence of B.in the wake of C.in the event of D.in the light of

______ that her father has named her and her brothers after his first set of children.

A.To the tension is adding the fact B.Adding to the tension is the fact

C.The fact is adding to the tension D.Adding to the fact is the tension

Men are anxious to improve their circumstances, but are unwilling to improve themselves; they ______ remain bound.

A.therefore B.somehow C.otherwise D.nevertheless

If you are passionate about something, pursue it no matter what anyone else thinks. That’s ______ dreams are achieved.

A.what B.where C.why D.how

It is said that ________ to classic music may be helpful in improving teenagers’ taste.

A.exposed B.exposing C.being exposed D.having exposed

— I haven’t seen you for ages.

— Come over for a chat so we can ______ each other’s news.

A.live up to B.end up with C.catch up on D.hold on to

This new product, containing no _____ flavors and coloring agents, attracts a number of white-collar clerks.

A.authentic B.diverse C.conventional D.artificial

Why do many students stick to private tutoring _____ they could easily master such knowledge at school?

A.unless B.before C.after D.when

The Floreana tortoise, once considered to ______, is being brought back from the dead with careful conservation.

A.be wiped out B.have been wiped out C.wipe out D.have wiped out

While early literacy skills are important for a child’s growth, there are some ______ doubt whether we are forcing our kids to read too early.

A.whose B.which C.what D.who

All the staff of the company, who ______ extra hours these days, hope to finish the project as scheduled.

A.will work B.have been working C.were working D.have worked

—I heard that the teacher would punish us all because nobody ______ responsibility for the broken window.

—I think we must ask Henry to tell the truth. This may be the best way to approach it.

A.cast B.ranked C.claimed D.attained

The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal      is needed to better protect the environment.

A.currency B.framework C.allowance D.occupation

假设你是星光中学的李华，将参加主题为“Let’s Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。请撰写一份演讲稿，主要内容包括：

1.目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题；

2.骑自行车的益处，如环保、对健康有益等。

注意:1.词数：100左右

2.演讲稿开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。

参考词汇：低碳生活：low-carbon life   节能：energy saving

Good morning, everyone,

I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. I feel it an honor to communicate my idea to you. The topic of my speech is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

As we all know, everyone have a dream. I have dreamed of being a doctor since I entered into the primary school. Nowadays with modern life go rapidly, many people suffer from different kind of diseases, both mentally and physically. As a result, doctors are in great need at home and abroad. My dream is to become successful doctor, helping to save people’s lives. Although to be a good doctor was very difficult. I will do whatever I can to keep everyone health. To make my dream come true, I have told me over and over again that I'll concentrate more to studies. After all, only by working hardly can one succeed.1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.9.10.