Having a brother or sister protects adolescents against negative feelings such as loneliness and guilt, but they also have to learn to ___________and to control their emotions.

A.compete B.compensate

C.comprehend D.compromise

Katherine is not ________ in the way to treat her children. Sometimes she is too hard on them and sometimes she just ignores what they do.

A.conventional B.consistent C.considerate D.controversial

-What did he do in return for free ________ and food offered by the kind couple?

-He helped their son with his lessons.

A.conservation B.occupation C.accommodation D.immigration

“Made in China 2025” initiative aims to transform China from a manufacturing giant into a world manufacturing power, ________ driven by innovation and emphasizes quality over quantity.

A.the one that B.one that C.one D.the one

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

1.What does the speaker ask the runners to do?

A.Stand in line. B.Do a practice run. C.Follow a volunteer.

2.What will be available at the stations every two miles?

A.Medical assistance. B.Reporters. C.Drinks.

3.What is forbidden in this race?

A.Headphones. B.Food. C.Photos.

4.When will the running course be taken down?

A.In the mid-morning. B.At midday. C.In the early afternoon.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.Where does the conversation take place?

A.In a living room. B.At a fashion show. C.In an office.

2.What does the man like about the coat?

A.The size. B.The colors. C.The collar.

3.What helps the woman lose weight?

A.Running. B.Swimming. C.Watching her diet.

4.How does the man react to the woman’s method?

A.Surprised. B.Disappointed. C.Worried.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What is the man’s final destination?

A.Salt Lake City, USA. B.New York City, USA. C.Helsinki, Finland.

2.What is the flight number for the second half of the man’s journey?

A.90. B.980. C.1070.

3.What request did the man make regarding his flight?

A.He requested a discount.

B.He wanted a window seat.

C.He asked for specially-prepared meals.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What is the woman worried about?

A.The price of getting a puppy.

B.The work to take care of a puppy.

C.The noise the puppy would make.

2.What does the woman suggest in the end?

A.Talking with the kids.

B.Doing some research first.

C.Visiting an animal shelter right away.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.Where did the woman’s parents get her present?

A.At a Christmas gift store. B.At an antique store. C.At a record store.

2.What does the woman say about the records?

A.They are old. B.They are expensive. C.They are small.

Who is the man probably?

A.A film producer. B.A writer. C.A singer.

What does the man want the woman’s cousin to do?

A.Move out. B.Get an extra bed. C.Stay for one more month.

What is the main topic of the conversation?

A.Art museums. B.Outdoor gardens. C.Sunday activities.

What does the man tell the woman?

A.The temperature is high. B.It might be cold. C.The flashlight is a must.

Who will print out the reports?

A.Mr. Paddock. B.Miss Andrews. C.Mrs. Dalloway.

假如你是李华，你打算暑假后到英国某人学读书，请你向该大学招生办公室主任Mr．Smith写—封电子邮件，申请入学资格。

内容包括：

1．自我介绍（包括英语水平及其个人优势）；

2．申请理由（①学习深造；②拓宽视野，传播中国文化）；

3．希望获得批准。

注意：1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数。

Dear Mr. Smith,

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________

Best wishes,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。

修改：在错的词下面画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Though great progress has made in science these years, there are still many people lived in poor conditions. They make their living by collecting and selling used thing. Their children cannot go to school because they have no enough money to send their children to there. Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now? The answer lies on the population explosion. A president of a developing country once said: “It is us who are to blame for the poverty because we used to produce child without limit.” Although these few words sound simple enough, but they have clear pointed out one of the causes of the population explosion.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（不超过3个单词）

I was always told that the three Ps, patience, positive thinking and perseverance（毅力），were a sure path 1. success. But this advice does not always work as planned. My high school math exam is one example. The exam, 2. was originally to be held in our classroom, 3. (change) to the library at the last minute. This, 4.，didn’t bother me because math had always been my strongest subject. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax 5.. But my mood quickly changed when I saw 6. first question. I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered 7.I finally found the solution. With the problem 8.(solve), I felt proud of my achievement. 9.(fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left 10. (complete) the rest!

    Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford, I’ve watched one friend after another land high-ranking, high-paying Wall Street jobs. As executives (高级管理人员) with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations, many are now ____ on their way to impressive careers. By society’s ____, they seem to have it made.

On the surface, these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind, many had a ____ drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with longtime roommates, and ____ out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine ____ a college year’s monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.

The thing is, a number of them have ____ that despite their success, they aren’t happy. Some ____ of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they ____. Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and ____. However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the ____ to which they have so quickly become ____.

People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and ____ in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they ____ or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion: it’s ____. They have loans, bills, a mortgage (抵押贷款) to ____, retirement to save for. They recognize there’s something ____ in their lives, but it’s ____ to step off the track.

In a society that tends to ____ everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our ____ in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs ____ in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore — and the very ones we need to consider most.

1.A.much B.never C.seldom D.well

2.A.policies B.standards C.experiments D.regulations

3.A.last B.least C.second D.best

4.A.cycled B.moved C.slid D.looked

5.A.shared B.paid C.equaled D.collected

6.A.advertised B.witnessed C.admitted D.demanded

7.A.complain B.dream C.hear D.approve

8.A.distribute B.hate C.applaud D.neglect

9.A.calm B.guilty C.warm D.empty

10.A.family B.government C.lifestyle D.project

11.A.accustomed B.appointed C.unique D.available

12.A.yet B.also C.instead D.rather

13.A.let out B.turn in C.give up D.believe in

14.A.fundamental B.practical C.impossible D.unforgettable

15.A.take off B.drop off C.put off D.pay off

16.A.missing B.inspiring C.sinking D.shining

17.A.harmful B.hard C.useful D.normal

18.A.measure B.suffer C.digest D.deliver

19.A.disasters B.motivations C.campaigns D.decisions

20.A.assessed B.involved C.covered D.reduced

    Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. 1. Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.

You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. 2. Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 3.

The following methods may work best for you.

● Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.

● Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.

● Write your notes in your own words.

● 4.

● Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.

As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. 5.

A.Use words not complete sentences.

B.There are three practical note-taking methods.

C.You must write your notes on separate paper.

D.Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.

E.you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.

F.That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.

G.First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.

    As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.

In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.

In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)”

According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.

1.The passage begins with two questions to ________.

A.introduce the main topic B.show the author’s attitude

C.describe how to use the Internet D.explain how to store information

2.What can we learn about the first experiment?

A.Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer.

B.The two groups remembered the information equally well.

C.The first group did not try to remember the formation.

D.The second group did not understand the information.

3.In transactive memory, people ________.

A.keep the information in mind

B.change the quantity of information

C.organize information like a computer

D.remember how to find the information

4.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?

A.We are using memory differently.

B.We are becoming more intelligent.

C.We have poorer memories than before.

D.We need a better way to access information.

    Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume（消耗） rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to（往往，倾向于） stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.

    According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed（挤出） between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.

   After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.

   In spite of（尽管） all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity — or  extreme overweight — among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject（拒绝） older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% — and is growing.

1.In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola?

A.They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.

B.They squeeze eating between the other daily activities.

C.They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyles.

D.They usually eat too much canned and frozen food.

2.This text is mainly the relationship between _________.

A.Americans and the French

B.life style and obesity

C.children and adults

D.fast food and overweight

3.The text is mainly developed __________.

A.by contrast （对比） B.by  space C.by process（变化过程）              D.by classification（分类）

4.Where does this text probably come from?

A.A TV interview B.A food advertisement

C.A health report D.A book review（书评）

    The morning had been a disaster. My tooth was aching, and I’d been in an argument with a friend. Her words still hurt: “The trouble with you is that you won’t put yourself in my place. Can’t you see things from my point of view?”I shook my head stubbornly--and felt the ache in my tooth. I’d thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really unbearable. I started calling the dentists in the phone book, but no one could see me immediately. Finally, at about lunch time, I got lucky.

“If you come by right now,” the receptionist said, “the dentist will fit you in.”

I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car. But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist. What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice? Why wasn’t he as busy as the others?

In the dentist’s office, I sat down and looked around. I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried. The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one.

When I told her my fears, she laughed and said, “Don’t worry. The dentist is very good.”

“How long do I have o wait for him?”I asked impatiently.

“Come on, he is coming. Just lie down and relax. And enjoy the artwork,” the assistant said.

“The artwork?” I was puzzled.

The chair went back, suddenly I smiled. There was a beautiful picture, right where I could enjoy it :on the ceiling. How considerate the dentist was! At that moment, I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.

What a relief!

1.Which of the following best describes the author’s feeling that morning?

A.Cheerful.

B.Nervous.

C.Upset.

D.Satisfied.

2.What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?

A.The dentist’s agreeing to treat her at very short notice.

B.The dentist’s being as busy as the other dentists.

C.The surroundings of the dentist’s office.

D.The laughing assistant of the dentist.

3.Why did the author suddenly smile?

A.Because the dentist came at last.

B.Because the assistant kept comforting her.

C.Because she could relax in the chair,

D.Because she saw a picture on the ceiling.

4.What did the author lean from her experience most probably?

A.Strike while the iron is hot.

B.Have a good word for one’s friend

C.Put oneself in other’s shoes

D.A friend in need is a friend indeed.

The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge

Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!

The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites , even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity how it inspires them to explore their world.

Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue,

Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honor at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will exhibited and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in celebration and brunch will be served.

Between March 10thand March 15h, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at :http:// cambridgesciencefestival.org.

1.Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?

A. Cambridge locals. B. School students.

C. CSF winners. D. MIT artists.

2.When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?

A. On February 8th. B. On March 10th.

C. On March 15th D. On April 21st.

3.What type of writing is this text?

A. An exhibition guide. B. An art show review.

C. An announcement. D. An official report.

假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter对中国古典名著《西游记》感兴趣，他给你写信询问有关情况。请给他写封电子邮件，内容包括：

1.《西游记》内容简介；

2. 阅读建议。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：classic  n.名著;  Journey to the West 《西游记》

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last night, I had an interesting dream. In the dream I accidental got a magic pen with that I could write beautiful Chinese characters. Then I took part a calligraphy competition. With the help of the pen I got a first place. I became famous soon but a lot of people came to beg me for some characters. But when I picked the pen up and wrote down a character, I find out it very ugly. The pen no longer has magic. Then I was scaring awoken. I know that in the world there is not magic pen. Only by working hard can I write beautiful character.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

China has named 24,126 primary and middle schools across the country specialist football schools 1.(lead) youth football development, according to the Ministry of Education (MOE). It's required that at least one football class 2.(offer) each week in these schools so that they can encourage their students to 3.(active) participate in football training and matches.

China aims to have 50,000 schools specializing in youth football by the end of 2025, said Wang Dengfeng, an official with the MOE, 4. (add) that to realize this goal, the ministry will take various measures that include building school football fields, training football coaches and providing extra funding and policy support. 5. those measures in schools, 47 football training camps have also been built in  6. effort to promote the sport among young people. And outstanding or 7. (gift) players will also have the chance to join inter-school teams for regional 8. (compete) and even national summer camps.

In the past four years, local education departments have trained about 40,000 football teachers, 8,000 of 9. have obtained coaching certificates. Moreover, the country 10. (step) up its efforts in promoting football in schools since it set up a seven-department joint task force, including the education, sport and finance authorities as well as the Chinese Football Association.

    I was surprised when I received a short message from my father wishing me a happy birthday.

I had _______to hear from my mother, my grandmother and my other relatives — _______ never from my father. Lying in bed, _______ of my father flooded back.

When I was a little boy, I regarded my father as a(n) _______ able to do anything. _______, things slowly began to_______. The more I learned, the more I doubted what he said. The gap between us grew and, at last, I didn't _______ like communicating with him.

My father, in my mind, had no _______ in talking with me. Dinner was the only time we were together. He had no time to watch TV with me. He would tell me to ask my mother_______I needed something. He even refused to answer my ________ when I phoned from school. I ________ the changes. I thought that perhaps my father no longer ________ me.

Over time, however, I began to wonder whether my ________ was right. One day, my mother told me that each time I called, father was ________ listening beside her. Suddenly, I hated myself for my ________ behavior toward him.

I planned thousands of times to ________ my father. In the end, however, I was always too embarrassed about what I had done.

But that Saturday, I was so ________ by his short message. I realized then that my father's love for me had never disappeared. I decided to send a________ "Thank you, my dear father.”

Two days later, when I returned home, my mother told me that my father had been so ________ when he received my reply. She said he had ________ from morning till night. At that moment, I felt truly happy.

1.A.wanted B.intended C.planned D.expected

2.A.and B.so C.but D.or

3.A.opinions B.thoughts C.memories D.responses

4.A.angel B.hero C.teacher D.friend

5.A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Besides

6.A.improve B.change C.develop D.appear

7.A.still B.ever C.yet D.even

8.A.interest B.time C.chance D.courage

9.A.in case B.if C.even if D.after

10.A.calls B.e-mails C.questions D.letters

11.A.got fond of B.got tired of C.got familiar with D.got accustomed to

12.A.helped B.supported C.loved D.missed

13.A.behavior B.attitude C.manner D.action

14.A.often B.always C.seldom D.never

15.A.casual B.rude C.cruel D.cold

16.A.apologize to B.write to C.talk with D.consult with

17.A.excited B.confused C.touched D.pleased

18.A.letter B.card C.gift D.reply

19.A.upset B.happy C.sad D.nervous

20.A.waited B.signed C.smiled D.hesitated

The decade of the “young old” begins

The year 2020 will mark the beginning of the decade of the yold, or the “young old”，1.. The height of the baby boom, the period of high fertility in rich countries after the second world war, was 1955-60. one might therefore expect peak retirement for baby-boomers in the coming years — except that they are not retiring. By continuing to work, and staying socially engaged, the boomers, in their new guise as the young old, will change the world.

2.: of the 3.7 years of increased life expectancy in rich countries between 2000 and 2015, says the WHO, 3.2 years were enjoyed in good health.

3.: between 1989 and 2013, the median wealth of families headed by someone over 62 in America rose by 40% to $210,000, while the wealth of all other age groups declined. The over-60s are vital to the tourism industry because they spend much more, when taking a foreign holiday, than younger adults.

4.. In 2016 just over a fifth of people aged 65-69 were in work in rich countries, a figure that is rising fast. Many bosses and HR departments think productivity falls with age, but a German study found that people who remain at work after the normal retirement age manage to slow the cognitive decline associated with old age and have a cognitive capacity of someone a year and a half younger.

5.. They are challenging the traditional expectations of the retired as people who wear slippers and look after the grandchildren.

A. The yold are also better off

B. In short, the yold are not just any group of old people

C. The yold are both young and old

D. as the Japanese call people aged between 65 and 75

E. Health worsens with age, but the yold are resisting the decline better than most

F. The yold are busier, too

G. The yold can’t resist aging

    Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel, no brake or accelerator pedals (踏板). Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. “The fastest route will take us 15.3 minutes. Should I take it?” You say “yes” and you are on your way. The car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.

How weird would it be if, one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy driving, no insults, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.

A new technology has the potential to change modern society in radical ways. There’s no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The potential for safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94% of road accidents in the U.S involve human error. Older drivers and visually- or physically-impaired people would gain a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on non-renewable fuels. Roads would be quieter, people safer.

But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their livelihoods. According to the U.S. Department of Labor. In May 2015 there were 505,560 registered school bus drivers. The American Trucking association lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S.

The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and federal authorities to offer retraining for this massive workforce, many of whom will be displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what’s happening in the coal and oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country.

New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward. However, progress can’t be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.

1.What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless car?

A.People would be driving in a more civilized way.

B.It would save local governments a lot of money.

C.More policemen would be patrolling the streets.

D.Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.

2.How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?

A.They could enjoy greater mobility.

B.They would suffer no road accidents.

C.They would have no trouble driving.

D.They could go anywhere they want.

3.What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?

A.Political dissatisfaction. B.Retraining of employees.

C.Fossil fuel conservation. D.Business restructuring.

4.What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?

A.The conflict between labor and management would intensify.

B.The gap between various sectors of society would be widened.

C.Professional drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.

D.Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.

5.What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?

A.Keep pace with technological developments.

B.Make new technologies affordable to everyone.

C.Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.

D.Popularize the use of new technologies and devices

    A child who suffers bullying(霸凌) usually has low self-esteem and their ability to learn and be successful at school is greatly lessened. Therefore, bullying must be stopped.

The best and most obvious way to stop bullying in schools is for parents to change the way they raise their children at home. Of course, this is much easier said than done and everyone raises their children differently. Bullies, however, come from homes where physical punishment is used and children have been taught that physical violence is the way to handle problems and “get their way”. Bullies usually also come from homes where the parents fight a lot, so children have been modeled on such violence. Parental involvement is often lacking in bullies’ lives and there seems to be little warmth.

Early intervention (干预) is truly the best way to stop bullying, but parents of the victims or therapists(治疗师) can’t alter the bully’s home environment. Some things can be done at the school level, however. Most school programs that address bullying apply a multi-faceted(多层面的) method to the problem.

Hand out questionnaires to all students and teachers and discuss if bullying is occurring. Define exactly what constitutes(构成) bullying at school. The questionnaire is a wonderful tool that allows the school to see how widespread bullying is and what forms it is taking. It is a good way to start to solve the problem.

Get the children’s parents involved in a bullying program. If parents of the bullies and the victims are not aware of what is going on at school, then the whole bullying program will not be effective. Stopping bullying in school takes teamwork and concentrated effort on everyone’s part. Bullying also should be discussed during parent-teacher conferences and PTA meetings. Parental awareness is the key.

In the classroom setting, all teachers should work with the students on bullying. Oftentimes even the teacher is being bullied in the classroom and a program should be set up to teach about bullying. Children understand modeling behaviors and role-play and acting out bullying situations is a very effective tool. Have students role-play a bullying situation.

1.In the author’s opinion, bullies usually _____________.

A.have extremely high self-esteem

B.know little of the harm of violence

C.look forward to parental involvement

D.experience or witness violence at home

2.What does the underlined word “alter” in paragraph 3 mean?

A.understand B.change

C.remove D.approach

3.Paragraph 5 suggests that it’s important to ______________.

A.make a punishment program effective

B.let parents know their children are bullies

C.find the key to improving security at school

D.make parents conscious of bullying at school

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A.How to stop bullying in school. B.What leads to violence in schools.

C.What parents can do to stop bullying. D.How to comfort those who are bullied.