“Helicopter(直升机) parenting” describes a style of raising children where parents are overprotective and do too much. The term describes parents who hover over their kids at home and on the playground like a helicopter. Today, modern technology allows these helicopter parents to hover from even far away. They can give their children directions at any moment from anywhere.

Julie Lythcott-Haims wrote a book titled How to Raise an Adult: Break Free of the Overparenting Trap and Prepare Your Kids for Success. In her book, she gives readers a closer look at this parenting style. She also explains why parents should stop it.

Julie Lythcott-Haims says she experienced the effects of helicopter parenting first-hand when she worked as dean of first-year students at Stanford University. The incoming students, or freshmen, she says, were very smart and accomplished on paper. But many were unable to take care of themselves, “They were turning to parents constantly for guidance, for problem solving, to have them make the choice about something.”

Lythcott-Haims warns this kind of parenting has many short-term wins but long-term costs that harm the child. She uses an area common to most children—a playground. Lythcott-Haims suggests letting your child get a little hurt.

“If you do your child’s homework, it will be perfect. That is what she calls the short-term win. The long-term cost is that your child may not feel capable(有能力的). And he does not become a determined learner, meaning he will give up easily when faced with a difficult problem to solve.” So what can parents do if they want to break the overparenting “helicopter” cycle? Reading Julie’s book, you can follow some ways to stop hovering over your children. In a word, when kids have all the skills to take care of themselves, they will be prepared for adulthood.

1.The underlined words “hover over” in Paragraph I probably mean     .

A.deal with B.wait for

C.stare at D.circle around

2.What does the “helicopter parent” believe?

A.Short-term wins can harm the kids.

B.Getting protection from parents is necessary.

C.Trying to make decisions should be valued.

D.Learning from failure is helping kids.

3.What should parents do for their children based on Julie’s study?

A.Encourage them to do what they can do.

B.Help them grow with parent’s protection.

C.Guide them in doing as parents do or say.

D.Prevent them from playing on a playground.

4.What would be the best title for the text?

A.Helping Children Is Hurting Them

B.Helping Parents With Their Problems

C.A Good Way To Teach Your Kids

D.Stopping Being “A Helicopter Parent”

    A new app aims to help parents interpret what their baby wants based on the sound of their cry. The free app ChatterBaby, which was released last month, analyzes the acoustic (声学的) features of a baby’s cry, to help parents understand whether their child might be hungry, fussy or in pain. While critics say caregivers should not rely too much on their smartphone, others say it’s a helpful tool for new or tired parents.

Ariana Anderson, a mother of four, developed the app. She originally designed the technology to help deaf parents better understand why their baby was upset, but soon realized it could be a helpful tool for all new parents.

To build a database, Anderson and her team uploaded 2,000 audio samples of infant(婴儿) cries. She used cries recorded during ear piercings and vaccinations to distinguish pain cries. And to create a baseline for the other two categories, a group of moms had to agree on whether the cry was either hungry or fussy.

Anderson’s team continues to collect data and hopes to make the app more accurate by asking parents to get specific about what certain sounds mean.

Pediatrician Eric Ball pointed out that evaluating cries can never be an exact science. “I think that all of the apps and technology that new parents are using now can be helpful but need to be taken seriously,” Ball said ,“ I do worry that some parents will get stuck in big data and turn their parenting into basically a spreadsheet(电子表格) which I think will take away the love and caring that parents are supposed to be providing for the children. ”

But Anderson said the aim of the app is to have parents interpret the results, not to provide a yes or no answer. The Bells, a couple using this app, say it’s a win-win. They believe they are not only helping their baby now but potentially others in the future.

1.How does the app judge what babies want?

A.By collecting data.

B.By recording all the sounds.

C.By analyzing the sound of their cries.

D.By asking parents about specific messages.

2.What was the app designed for in the beginning?

A.All new parents. B.Deaf parents.

C.Ariana Anderson. D.Crying babies.

3.What is Ball’s opinion about the app?

A.Parents should use the app wisely.

B.The app can create an accurate result.

C.Parents and babies are addicted to the app.

D.The app makes babies lose love and caring.

4.What is the text mainly about?

A.Parents should not rely too much on their smartphones.

B.A new app helps parents figure out why their babies are crying.

C.Parents can deal with babies’ hunger with the help of a new app.

D.A new app called ChatterBaby can prevent babies from crying.

    Ever since Grumpy Cat first appeared online, the Internet can't get enough of her.But attention is not the only thing that this cat is getting. Her fortune is estimated at $100 million, more than many famous actors and musicians earn.

So how did it all start?

Grumpy Cat's owner Tabatha Bundesen was working as a waitress when her brother Bryan decided to take a photo of her funny­looking cat and post it on Reddit, a social news site. In a matter of hours, she became a sensation (轰动)．

It got 1 million views on Imgur in 48 hours.

Grumpy Cat's real name is Tardar Sauce and she actually has a condition called dwarfism, which makes her constantly frowning. But that unique frown turned out to be worth millions of dollars.

Tabatha, who lives in Arizona in the U．S., isn't complaining. She still remembers that September 22, 2012, when her life turned upside down.

Since her cat became a worldwide phenomenon, she was able to quit her job and devote her life to managing her cat's modeling career. Sounds unbelievable, but it's true. She says that her only job now is to book Tardar's photo shoots, commercials (商业广告), and other appearances.

What are the other benefits of owning a million­dollar cat?

Apart from not having to work, Tabatha can travel all the time. She has time and money to visit her family more often and enjoy her life. She never could have imagined just how huge her cat would become, but she always knew Tardar was very special. And she is glad to see her cat bringing joy to so many people around the world.

As for the millions of dollars Tardar has earned, they come from all the products, commercials and a best­selling book. She even has her own movie Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever.

1.What does the underlined part “the Internet can't get enough of her” mean?

A.The Internet can't stand her any more.

B.The Internet can't pay more attention to her.

C.People don't focus on her any longer on the Internet.

D.The Internet can't find enough information about her.

2.What made Grumpy Cat become famous?

A.Her unusual appearance.

B.Her bad temper.

C.Her short and fat body.

D.Her unique fur.

3.About Tabatha Bundesen, we know that ________.

A.she now works as a waitress

B.she feels very tired of her famous cat

C.she only manages her cat's modeling career

D.she is too busy to go home to visit her parents

4.The general idea of the last paragraph is ________.

A.how the cat can become so famous

B.how the cat can make so much money

C.what the film about the cat is named

D.how the cat's owner spends so much money

    A layover(临时滞留) or flight delay can be extremely fun in these international airports.

Munich Airport, Germany

Aviation(航空) lovers passing through Munich can take a behind-the-scenes tour to learn how the airport operates. Visitors can also tour three historic aircraft and a retired rescue helicopter, climb up to a 28-metre high observation platform for an up-close view of take-offs and landings, and watch films on aviation in the airport’s 60-seat cinema. Travelers can also kill layover time at an 18-hole mini-golf course, or even stop in for a teeth cleaning at the airport dental office.

Changi Airport, Singapore

After a long flight to Singapore, travelers can relax in a Balinese-style swimming pool, work out at the airport gym, or enjoy a drink and live musical performances at the airport’s Music Bar. The airport also boasts a tranquil butterfly garden, and a “fragrant garden” which is home to 15 species of plants and trees. Free movies at one of two airport cinemas also keep passengers entertained.

Schiphol Amsterdam Airport, the Netherlands

Schiphol is Europe’s fifth-largest airport. Here passengers can view the works of Dutch masters free of charge, and try their luck at airport’s casino(赌场). You can even have your wedding ceremony at Schiphol—couples can choose from four different wedding packages, including a 1930-style ceremony held on a Dakota military aircraft.

San Francisco International Airport, California

The airport’s 24-hour AirTrain not only moves passengers between terminal, but also provides a fun view of the runways. There are three aquariums(水族馆) to explore, along with interactive play area, an aviation museum, and a library. If that’s not enough to keep the little ones busy, travelers can rent portable DVD players and movies for use in the airport.

1.What can travelers do at the Munich Airport?

A.They can have their teeth cleaned.

B.They can watch free films in the 28-seat cinema.

C.They can visit one of three aquariums.

D.They can relax in a swimming pool.

2.Which is the unique feature of the Schiphol Amsterdam Airport?

A.Passengers can see a retired rescue helicopter.

B.Passengers can visit a Munich military aircraft.

C.Passengers can get married there.

D.Passengers can play golf there.

3.Which airport was designed with kids in mind?

A.Munich Airport. B.Changi Airport.

C.Schiphol Amsterdam Airport. D.San Francisco International Airport.

假定你是李华，你所喜爱的Global Mirror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见．请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容主要包括：

1．说明你是该报的忠实读者

2．赞赏该报优点：1)兼顾国内外新闻     2)介绍名人成功故事

3．提出建议：刊登指导英语学习的文章

注意：1．词数100左右，开头语己为你写好；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

短文改错

A few years before, I took a sightseeing trip to Washington, D.C. Standing outside the Ronald Reagan Center, I heard a voice to say, “Can you help me?” When I turned around, I saw the elderly blind woman with her hand opening. In a natural reflex (反应), I reached into my pocket, pull out all of my loose change and placed them in her hand without even looking at her. I was annoyed at being bothered by the beggar. And the blind woman smiled and said, “I don’t want your money. I just need help to find the post office.” In an instant, I realized that I had done. That blind woman reminded me my blindness. So in this essay, I wanted to be grateful to the invaluable lesson she gave me.

    We think that life in Chinese high school is an adventure in which we have to survive mountains of homework and all kinds of exams. Yet would it be 1.(surprise) if I tell you that high school life in the US is almost as stressful and demanding as it is in China?

In US high school, everything 2.(record) into your studying document, including your grades on quizzes, tests and final examinations. Failing 3.(turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course. Perhaps contrary to 4.we used to think of the US high school students, they pay more attention to their 5.(academy) performance to try to get into a distinguished university. 6., they’ll be disappointed after graduation from high school.

Like university students, US high school students have the 7.(free) to choose the courses that most interest 8.(they). Even a ninth grader can sit 9.the same classroom as twelfth graders. But this also means he or she has to work very hard, because the teacher will not treat him or her differently just because he or she is a few years 10.(young).

Communication with a Stranger

Last weekend I sat on the bus talking with excitement and so ready to spend time in New York City with one of my best friends from college. As I took the window seat and ____ headphones over ears, I almost didn't notice the elderly man sitting beside me.

Two hours passed and I was still absorbed in my own world. ______ the elderly man asked me a question, a simple question ______ the bus's Wi-Fi connection, which turned into a two- hour ______. In fact, it directly ______ my personal life.

We talked a lot about my dreams, my fears and my life. I ______ more with this stranger on the bus than I have with any friend or family member in months. Maybe it had something to do with me just being ______ to let anyone I know close to me. I was ______ that the stranger was not only so deeply interested in getting to know me, but also just as willing to ______ me to my greatest abilities. He listened carefully to every word I said and made some useful ______ at times. Instead of politely _______ his head when I mentioned my major, he told me that my strong liking seemed to be psychology, but not the one I was studying. He said that he knew I would face difficulties if I studied psychology and that he fully understood my ______ for the failure.

This elderly man made me ______ the plans that I had laid out for my life with just that simple statement. He helped me realize that my neatly ______ plan for the next five years of my life wasn't all that neat, but actually complex and filled with _______. Most of all, he helped me ______ the complex, not stay away from it because of my fear for the unknown. I ______ a lot from talking with the elderly stranger.

A few days later, he emailed me, saying, "I think you're ______ for great things no matter what you decide to do." The email was filled with words of ______. In a few hours a stranger showed me a sense of kindness that made me realize that life is sometimes ______ but it is going to be okay.

1.A.placed B.wore C.took D.raised

2.A.Then B.Instead C.Again D.Also

3.A.through B.with C.during D.about

4.A.introduction B.explanation C.conversation D.competition

5.A.affected B.controlled C.interrupted D.created

6.A.searched B.shared C.demanded D.reviewed

7.A.sorry B.curious C.anxious D.afraid

8.A.puzzled B.bothered C.amazed D.disappointed

9.A.push B.invite C.treat D.admit

10.A.choices B.suggestions C.decisions D.efforts

11.A.raising B.dropping C.turning D.nodding

12.A.regret B.change C.fear D.desire

13.A.prepare B.develop C.approve D.question

14.A.replaced B.organized C.discussed D.predicted

15.A.uncertainty B.danger C.responsibility D.conflict

16.A.identify B.ignore C.seize D.accept

17.A.suffered B.increased C.benefited D.experienced

18.A.leaving B.heading C.watching D.caring

19.A.encouragement B.protection C.admiration D.description

20.A.stable B.normal C.painful D.serious

    Five Ways to Work Smarter, Not Harder

No matter how hard we work, it seems that there is never enough time to get all the important tasks done. Rather than working longer, consider working smarter, not harder. Here are some ways to work smarter:

Make a careful plan. Just like every organization needs a business plan, an efficient worker needs a work plan. 1. Schedule your tasks throughout the days, weeks, and months, but do it ahead of time.

Set your goals. As a part of your work plan, you should set clear and measurable goals. Goals should state which tasks are to be completed and when they get completed. Rather than setting firm deadlines, which can lead to pressure and stress, allow a period of time to reach goals.2.

3.Develop a consistent daily work schedule and stick to it! If a typical workday consists of some writing tasks（emails, reports）, one-on-one meetings, and processing data, set aside specific time each day to accomplish each kind of tasks.

Delegate（分派工作）effectively.4.The person who tries to do everything himself or herself not only is overloaded and overstressed, but is bad for their colleagues, by not allowing them to be challenged and grow by taking on important duties.

Don’t make work harder than it actually is. Much of the pressure is produced by ourselves.   5. We feel like we should do more. Remember that tasks should be completed step by step. Focus on each step rather than on the entire project, which can help us cut down on feelings that we are overwhelmed.

A. Stick to your plan.

B. We set unrealistic goals or standards for ourselves.

C. Also, take time to reward yourself for achieving a goal.

D. Organize your workday.

E. We cannot expect to complete the tasks quickly.

F. Learn which tasks can be delegated and which need personal attention.

G. It is a well-thought-out plan to help guide and direct work activities.

    When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When we’re hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education.

One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor’s degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But there’s a question: Would the quality of undergraduate education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a “three-year degree” model.

I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits. In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly “throw out” one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist “diluting (稀释)” the quality of the education they offer.

In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it’s not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns (实习生) in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University.

1.Which of the following can best sum up the main idea?

A.It’s time to shorten the learning process.

B.Best learning takes place over time.

C.University education should be watered down.

D.College education calls for reform.

2.We can learn from the passage that ________.

A.most American universities are against the “three-year degree” model

B.many famous US universities are considering adopting the “three-year degree” model

C.professors are willing to accept the “three-year degree” model

D.The “three-year degree” model can make college learning more efficient

3.In most US universities，________.

A.college students are offered the co-op program

B.electives’ credits make up one quarter of the required credits

C.all students are required to finish four-year education before graduation

D.some excellent students can graduate ahead of time

4.We can infer that________.

A.the author is a college professor exploring ways to make learning more efficient

B.the author thinks the cost of a university education is too high for people to afford

C.the author considers the university education quality very important

D.the author pays special attention to the all-round development of college students

    There are lots of ways to educate yourself on the Internet. You can find photos, documents, and films on almost any topic you can imagine. And at www.ted.com, you can access lectures by artists, scholars, designers, technicians and others.

TED began in 1984 as a conference that brought together individuals from the fields of technology, entertainment and design. It was intended to be a one-time event focusing on technology and design. The event ended up losing money, and it was six years before the founders tried it again. This time it worked, and since 1990, the TED conference has been an annual event. There are now two held every year, with topics as diverse as music, medicine, and money. Other specialized spin-off conferences address narrower issues.

The TED website came from a desire to share the conferences with the world, to “offer free knowledge from the world’s most inspired thinkers,” as the website puts it. The current version of the site was launched in April 2007, and contains videos of talks given at the TED conferences around the world. The talks are transcribed into hundreds of languages.

The TED website is owned by the Sapling Foundation, a non profit devoted to fostering the spread of great ideas. The Sapling foundation acquired TED in 2001. Since then, it has been focusing on using TED to broadcast ideas that might change the world.

TED, of course, isn’t immune to criticism. It’s been called elitist(精英) for its high ticket prices (more than 6,000 dollars total). It’s been accused by a few people of censorship for not publishing their talks. One controversial speaker was upset about being criticized by the conference’s host afterward.

The complaints, however, seem to be relatively few for such a large, long-running organization. And accusations of elitism ring hollow when so much is given away for free on TED’s website. Whatever its failings, TED is a source of inspirational information for those who seek it out.

1.What is the main topic of the article?

A.The case against TED. B.What’s on TED today.

C.Pros and cons of www.ted.com. D.What is TED.

2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.The TED conference came after the success of www.ted.com.

B.Two TED conferences are now held every year.

C.TED talks are available in many languages.

D.The Sapling Foundation owns www.ted.com.

3.From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that ________.

A.it is accepted to all involved that some TED talks might not be published

B.the host of the conference is one who plays a supportive role to the speakers

C.TED is criticized for giving special treatment to the wealthy or powerful

D.the negative comments on TED greatly affects its reputation

4.This author probably believes that________.

A.TED is elitist B.TED is beneficial

C.TED isn’t important D.TED is the best website

    Two of the saddest words in the English language are “if only”. I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.

My father is famous in our family for saying, “Take the extra minute to do it right.” I always try to live by the “extra minute” rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an “if only” moment, whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding (衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.

I don’t only avoid those “if only” moments when it comes to safety. It’s equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say “I love you” or “I forgive you.” When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn’t be here. But then I thought about the fact that he’s 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn’t give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.

I know there will still be occasions when I have to say “if only” about something, but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality. And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that I’m doing the right thing. I’m buying myself peace of mind and that’s the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being.

1.Which of the following is an example of the “extra minute” rule?

A.Start the car the moment everyone is seated.

B.Leave the room for a minute with the iron working.

C.Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better.

D.Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.

2.The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to ______.

A.keep her appointment with the eye doctor

B.meet her father who was already an old man

C.join in the holiday celebration of the company

D.finish her work before the deadline approached

3.The underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

A.abandoned B.lacked

C.avoided D.taken

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A.To Keep Emotional Well-being B.To Prevent “If Only” Moments

C.To Follow the Most Useful Rule D.To Achieve the Peace of Mind

    Want to improve your writing skills? New Writing South is directing the way!

Towner Writer Squad (班级) for kids aged 13-17

Led by comedy and TV writer, Marian Kilpatrick, Towner Writer Squad will meet once a month at the contemporary art museum for 11 months, starting 12 October, 2016.

The FREE squad sessions will include introductions to a wide range of writing styles, from poetry to play writing and lyric (抒情诗) to flash fiction, to support the development of young writers.

Application & Selection

If you would like to apply to be part of the Towner Writer Squad, please send a sample piece of your writing (about 500 words), responding to the title “LUNCH”, with your name, age, address and email address to: debo@newwritingsouth.com.

Once all applications are in, you will be invited to an open selection event on 17 September, 4-5pm, at the gallery of Towner. This will be an informal opportunity to meet the Squad Leader, Squad Associate and other young people.

You will also have a chance to get to know the fantastic gallery space and get a taste of what’s to come.

Deadline for applications: 8 September, 2016

For further information go to: facebook.com/toner or towner.org.uk or newwritingsouth.com

Any questions – feel free to send your email to Towner Writer Squad Associate: wharne@towner.gov.uk

Beginner Writing Project for kids aged 10-13

Due to popular demand, a writing project will be started for eager beginners.

Start time: 6 September, 2016

Meet every other Saturday, 2-4pm, at the Towner Study Centre.

Study and write at your own pace – you do not have to rush – as you have a year to go through the project. Practice under the guidance of some experienced writers and teachers who can help you with basic writing skills. Most importantly, build confidence and have fun while writing!

No previous experience or special background is required. Many others have been successful this way. If they can do it, why can’t you?

Fee: £179

For more information go to: newtowner.org.uk or generate.org.uk

1.Towner Writer Squad will be started ________.

A.to train comedy and TV writers

B.to explore the fantastic gallery space

C.to introduce a contemporary art museum

D.to promote the development of young writers

2.To join the Writer Squad, each applicant should first _________.

A.provide a piece of their writing B.meet the Writer Squad Leader

C.offer their family information D.complete an application form

3.What is most important for the beginners?

A.Practising as much as possible.

B.Gaining confidence and having fun.

C.Studying and writing at their own pace.

D.Learning skills from writers and teachers.

假定你是李华，某国外志愿者服务项目正在招募志愿者到欠发达国家宣传和普及健康知识，你希望成为其中一员。请根据以下提示信息，给该项目的负责人Mr. Wilson写一封申请信。

1.介绍个人情况；

2.表明自己意愿；

3.期待早日回复。

要求：1.词数：100个左右；邮件开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数；

2.内容必须包括以上要点，可适当发挥。

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Today we had a chemistry test. I found the test difficulty, but I tried hardly to do it. Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers. After think for some time, I let her copy my answers. But after the test, all of us were called to the teacher’s office. The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the tests. We were warned not to cheat again, so she would need to call our parents. I was very upset. I didn’t cheat. I was just helping a friend. Why does she punish me?

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Just as I began a new job in New York, I had to learn another important job: father.

I was a businessman. At the office I had three new1.(project), and at home I had a young son who was growing fast and needed me I was 2.(puzzle)and didn't know how to deal with the relationship between job and family until one day, during my 3.(enjoy) trip in Chica-go, I came across an old family friend Dan, 4.was once a patient of my father's. He told me something about my father.5.was my father that helped him go through the cancer.When Dan knew he got cancer, he was very upset and 6.(want) to give up, but my father, his doctor ,encouraged him to go on7. fight)against the cancer. My father said to him, "you have 8. wonderful life and three fine children. Take some time with them. It's family we live for-not just9. (our). Think of that and you will know life's worth the fight. ''

His words touched me, and I10.(sudden)realized that family are the most important in the world. I should spend more time staying with them.

    The measure of a man's real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.

——Macaulay

About thirty years ago, I was studying in a public school in New York. One day, Mrs. Nanette O'Neill gave a math_________to our class. When the papers were_________, she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the _________mistakes throughout the test.

There is nothing really new about._________in exams. Perhaps that was_________Mrs. O’Neill didn't even say a word about it. She only asked the twelve boys to_________after class. I was one of he twelve.

Mrs. O'Neill asked_________questions, and she didn't_________us, either. Instead she wrote on the blackboard the _________, words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to copy these words into our exercise-books one hundred times.

I don't know about the other eleven boys. Speaking for__________, I can say: it was the most important single  __________of my life. Thirty years after being introduced to Macaulays words, they__________seem to me the best yardstick(准绳 )now because they give us a way to__________ourselves rather than others.

________of us are asked to make__________ decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle. But all of us are called__________daily to make a great many personal decisions. Should the wallet,__________ in the street, be put into a pocket or __________ to the policeman? Should the__________change received at the store be forgotten or__________. Nobody will know except you. but you have to live with yourself, and it is always better to live with someone you respect.

1.A.test B.question C.paper D.problem

2.A.examined B.marked C.completed D.answered

3.A.same B.easy C.funny D.serious

4.A.lying B.discussing C.cheating D.guessing

5.A.because B.when C.how D.why

6.A.leave B.apologize C.remain D.come

7.A.many B.no C.certain D.much

8.A.excuse B.reject C.scold D.help

9.A.above B.common C.following D.unusual

10.A.herself B.ourselves C.themselves D.myself

11.A.chance B.lesson C.incident D.memory

12.A.almost B.even C.always D.still

13.A.adjust B.measure C.help D.control

14.A.Few B.All C.Some D.None

15.A.quick B.wise C.great D.personal

16.A.out B.upon C.for D.up

17.A.found B.bought C.thrown D.stolen

18.A.turned up B.turned on C.turned back D.turned over

19.A.small B.necessary C.some D.extra

20.A.paid B.remembered C.returned D.shared

    People often say you never get a second chance to make a first impression, and that's actually quite true. 1.After all, making a good first impression is all about making others feel good when spending time with them. The following tips will help you make a positive impression every time．

Dress appropriately

2.That means dressing up or putting on nice, clean, situation-appropriate clothes for social situations. It isn't difficult and it doesn't have to cost you much, either．

Be aware of your body language

Words express very little of what you say．Body language can tell someone a lot about your mood and confidence level.3. Eye contact is an easy way to make others feel comfortable, important and special．Nervous body language can make others uncomfortable and anxious．Try to be aware of your body language when communicating with others．

Respect the opinions of others

Not everyone will have the same opinion with you, and friendly disagreements can be a gateway to a great conversation．Respect other people's right to have their own opinion．Respect the opinions of others even if you disagree with them．4.

5.

People love talking about themselves, but generally, you want to be careful of taking over the conversation．By listening carefully to what others are saying, you are not only making them feel important, but you can gather cues you need to keep the conversation going and bridge to new topics．

A．Be a careful listener.

B．Show an interest in every person you meet.

C．Smile especially when first meeting someone.

D．Make sure you look nice whenever you meet someone new.

E．Meeting new people and starting conversations is often challenging.

F．Others will want to be with you and help you make a good impression.

G．Don't force others to believe what you believe or to see things only as you see them.

    Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities).Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.

Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to "read" people from another culture as we would "read" someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.

Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.

It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of "reading" the other person incorrectly.

1.What does the smile usually mean in America?

A.Love. B.Politeness.

C.Joy. D.Thankfulness.

2.The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can ___ .

A.show friendliness to strangers

B.be used to hide true feelings

C.be used in the wrong places

D.show personal habits

3.What should we do before attempting(尝试) to "read" people?

A.Learn about their relations with others.

B.Understand their cultural backgrounds.

C.Find out about their past experience.

D.Figure out what they will do next.

4.What would be the best title for the test?

A.Cultural Differences

B.Smiles and Relationship

C.Facial Expressiveness

D.Habits and Emotions

    I've always been interested in computers and technology, and I made a few apps for the iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad. I'd like to share a couple with you today. My first app is ''Earth Fortune''. My favorite and most successful app is ''Bustin Jieber''- which is a Justin Bieber whack-a-mole(打地鼠游戏). I created it because a lot of people at school disliked the pop star a little bit, so I deeided to make the app I released it on December 21, 2010.

A lot of people asked me how I made these. A lot of times it's because the person who asked the question wants to make an app also. Where do you go to find out how to make an app? Well, this is how I got close to it, and this is what I did.

First of all, I'd already been programming in many programming languages to get the basics down, such as Python, C, Java, etc. And then Apple released the iPhone with the software development kit(软件开发工具包)- a set of tools for creating and programming an iPhone app.This opened up a whole new world of possibilities for me, and after playing with the kit a little bit, I made a couple of test apps. I persuaded (劝说)my parents to pay 99 dollars to be able to put my apps on the app Store. They agreed, and now I have apps on the app store.

I've gotten a lot of creative ideas from Steve Jobs, and I've started an app club at school with the help of my teacher. Any student at my school can come and learn how to design an app.

I’d like to finish up by saying what I'd like to do in the future I'm working with a third party company to make an app My next goal is to get into Android programming and development, continue my app club, and find other ways for students to share knowledge with others.

1.What can we learn about Bustin Jieber?

A.It is the author's first app for the iPhone.

B.It was released at the beginning of 2010.

C.It is popular with Justin Bieber fans.

D.It is a whack-a-mole game

2.What allowed the author possibilities to program?

A.His teachers' guidance.

B.Test apps on the App store.

C.The Java programming language.

D.Apple's software development kit.

3.What did the author do after he finished his test apps?

A.He bought an iPhone.

B.He met with Steve Jobs.

C.He asked his parents for support.

D.He sold them to the App Store.

4.What's the author's future plan?

A.To set up an app club.

B.To design an Android app.

C.To put his apps on the App Store.

D.To share his apps with others for free.

    Dressed in a flowing long robe with beaded floral embroidery(珠串刺绣) from the past era, stylist Xiao Hang looks like coming from a time machine, attracting a lot of curious glances and questions.

China has made Western fashion and technology fall together with its high-speed development in recent years. At the same time, the government has also increased the publicity and learning of traditional Chinese culture from the aspects of education, culture, entertainment and so on, which seems to make period dramas and traditional "hanfu" or "Han clothing" become hot overnight. The Story of Minglan, a TV series set in the Song Dynasty,got more than 400 million viewers in three days when it was released(发行). A growing number of young people like Xiao are looking to the past for their clothing choices and wearing hanfu. These historic costumes of the Han ethnic majority are enjoying a renaissance(复兴)

There is no clear uniform standard of hanfu because each Han-dominated dynasty had its own style, but the outfits are characterized by loose, flowing robes with sleeves that hang down to the knees. In modem China, the hanfu community spread to the different walks of life, from elderly history lovers to young professionals, and even to students.

Jiang Xue, who is from Beijing-based hanfu club Mowutianxia, said, " If we as a people and as country do not even understand our traditional clothing or don't wear them, how can we talk about other basic parts of our culture? "

Yang Jiaming, a high school student in Beijing, wears his outfit under his school uniform. "Two-thirds of my wardrobe is hanfu, " he said, dressed in a Tang-style gown and black boots, adding that his classmates and teachers have been backing up him. They are in agreement with his idea that clothes are the foundation of culture.

There is some way before hanfu can be accepted by most of the people in China. Some say sometimes they will lose heart by the strange looks when wearing hanfu in public.

1.Why did the author describe Xiao Hang's long robe at the beginning?

A.To attract the readers' attention to the ancient clothes

B.To introduce the special design of hanfu

C.To show the dressing style of Xiao Hang.

D.To give the features of a time machine

2.What mainly makes hanfu popular?

A.Western fashion and technology

B.People's interest in period dramas

C.Old people's preference for fine clothes

D.The government s encouragement of traditional culture

3.What can be learned about hanfu from Paragraphs 3 and 4?

A.Hanfu clubs aim at taking hanfu-style photos.

B.Many people know the clear standard of hanfu.

C.People from hanfu community wear hanfu every day.

D.Hanfu can help understand traditional Chinese culture.

4.What does the underlined phrase"backing up"in Paragraph 5 mean?

A.Ignoring B.Supporting

C.Discouraging. D.Bearing.

    Do you want to go out for a hike in Phoenix? If you do, here are some hikes that you shouldn't miss.

Double Butte Loop(环线) and Hole-in-the- Rock Trail in Papago Park

Distance: 2. 3-mile loop and 825 feet out and back( Hole-in-the-Rock)

What can be a better way to have a look at the amazing red sandstone formations(岩层)of Pa-pago Park than hiking around (and inside)them? The smaller two of these beautiful formations can be explored on an easy dirt loop that starts in the West Park parking lot. It can be reached from Galvin Parkway. Then, drive across the street to the park's east side for a quick climb up rocky stairs to look out from the cave-like Hole-in-the-Rock, a popular landmark.

Blevins Trail in Usery Mountain Regional Park

Distance: 3-mile loop

It's a quick 3-mile sunset hike. You can see a lot of different kinds of cacti (仙人掌),some deer and rabbits! Superstition Mountain never gets old and, in my opinion, it is super impressive at sunset.

Waterfall Trail in White Tank Mountain Regional Park

Distance: 1.8 miles out and back

Different cacti, ancient carvings(雕像), wide paths and rocky formations along this easy trail provide the beauty of Sonoran Desert. Seeing the waterfall at the end of the trail is rare, but possible if you come after a rain. You need to pay $6 for parking the car.

Judith Tunnell Accessible Trails in South Mountain Park/Preserve

Distance: 5-mile loop

This trail includes two half-mile loops that start near the South Mountain Environmental Education Centers parking spots. The Interpretive Loop offers educational words about the surrounding desert life The Challenge Loop is slightly difficult.

1.What can attract people to Papago Park?

A.Hikes up a mountain.

B.Strange-looking caves.

C.Buildings built of red sandstone.

D.Views of red sandstone formations.

2.If you want to see some animals, which trail would you most probably choose?

A.Blevins Trail

B.Waterfall Trail

C.Judith Tunnell Accessible Trails.

D.Double Butte Loop and Hole-in-the-Rock Trail.

3.What can you do in White Tank Mountain Regional Park?

A.Walk on a challenging trail.

B.Enjoy the beauty of a desert.

C.Look at Superstition Mountain.

D.Sight a waterfall any time of the year.

假如你是晨光中学的李津。最近，你得知你的外国朋友Tom每天都用快餐作为午餐，你觉得这不是个好习惯，请你给他写一封信，建议他尽量少吃快餐。

文中应包括：

1. 常吃快餐的危害

2. 提出建议

参考词汇：营养nutrition

注意：

1. 词数不少于100；

2. 可以适当增加细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。

Dear Tom，

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Best Wishes

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Flying a kite with my father is the most happiest memory in my childhood. I remember the day that I was running alongside my Father. He held the kite string, waiting the kite to catch the wind. He slowed, handed me the string, and teach me how to hold it. “Don’t let go! Keep going!” he shouted. I kept running, out of breaths. Over and over I tried but failed. She told me not to give up. Eventually, I ran too fast that I made the kite fly highly in the air. Filling with excitement, I watched a kite dancing in the sky.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

If you are interested in getting university education in China and1.(attend) the university program, you may need to register in the high school.Starting your education at the high school level in China gives you an advantage since you will be well2.(prepare) before joining the university.You will have learnt Mandarin(普通话)，3.will make your daily conversations smooth.You will also have familiarized yourself with the surroundings, making 4.easy to get your way around.

In high school, you will5.(introduce) to a Chinese way of learning and education at6.early age.Besides, getting a high school7.(admit) in China is easy.

You only need to look for schools which are offering high school education to the international students.Most of them offer instructions both in English8.Chinese.Choose a right environment that will allow you to learn the local language, choose an area that is9.(convenience) to you and select a school that allows a foreign student to10.(easy) adapt to a new culture.

    The day I received my letter of acceptance to New York University, I was extremely excited. It was my dream university, and my _______ were pleased for me. But they also hadn’t _______ me to get into such a competitive school. In fact, the best thing they ever did for me was to _______ me from doing things _______ —indeed, when I was in elementary school, they offered to buy me a present _______ I got a C.

It _______ when I was in third grade. An only child in an Asian family, I had just _______ with my family from Taiwan to Los Angeles. Months into third grade, I developed a strong feeling of _______ about getting bad grades. Seeing my anxiety, Dad said, “Kate, tell you what. If you get a C or _______, I’ll buy you a present. If you score higher than that, I won’t buy you anything, because you won’t ________ it.”

Clearly my dad wasn’t the ________ Asian tiger parent, pressuring me to work tirelessly for the best ________, and neither was my mom. They didn’t want to push me. They wanted me to be ________ and healthy. Dad’s ________ of a “failing grade” gift amazingly ________ my worries and pressure. What’s more，I ________ getting A’s and B’s throughout high school, but without the added stress and fear of failing. I think it was my parents’ lack of stress on grades that gave me ________ to encourage my own desire for achievements.

I now realize I was ________ when I thought I didn’t receive a present from my dad that day. He gave me two invaluable ________: the space to develop my own desire for excellence, and the healthy mind to ________ it.

1.A.friends B.classmates C.parents D.relatives

2.A.convinced B.pushed C.recommended D.helped

3.A.discourage B.keep C.inspire D.protect

4.A.perfectly B.positively C.passively D.proudly

5.A.though B.if C.unless D.before

6.A.came B.appeared C.remained D.happened

7.A.travelled B.moved C.returned D.left

8.A.worry B.embarrassment C.guilt D.anger

9.A.higher B.less C.more D.lower

10.A.accept B.receive C.need D.make

11.A.normal B.typical C.general D.common

12.A.reputations B.subjects C.majors D.grades

13.A.energetic B.smart C.outstanding D.happy

14.A.offer B.supply C.purchase D.persuasion

15.A.piled on B.removed C.gave off D.solved

16.A.held on B.turned out C.ended up D.set about

17.A.hope B.time C.room D.choice

18.A.shocked B.unfortunate C.puzzled D.mistaken

19.A.gifts B.suggestions C.tools D.experiences

20.A.track B.catch C.achieve D.act

    Traveling with kids, regardless of the age, is a terrible thing for new parents. Responsibility is high and travel expenses might be unexpected at any point of the trip. If you are planning your first road trip or vacation with children, there are several important things to consider.

Get a child locator. 1. and many parents sometimes lose their kids Popular tourist destinations are overcrowded, too. So, if you are afraid of losing your children, get a child locator to be aware of where your kids are going when they accidentally get lost.

2. You do not need to pack tons of toys, sweets and a tablet full of games in order to keep your little ones entertained. You can encourage them to create a travel journal or smash book, read, tell each other stories, or give them a camera to capture the most precious moments during your trip. 3.

4. This is a must even during the shortest road trip. You can handle a headache, but your child can’t. If you do not know what to put in your first aid kit (急救箱), consult your children’s doctor, because all children are different and the medicines either.

Apart from the above, money, passport, avoiding heavy luggage, pick a family-friendly destination and family friendly accommodation are also needed. Traveling with kids is exciting and interesting. Your first trip might not be so exciting, but with a careful preparation, your family trip will be the most memorable one. 5.

A. Keep them careful

B. Keep them entertained

C. Pack a small, kid-friendly first aid kit.

D. Board games might be a god choice, too

E. Airports and train stations are usually overcrowded.

F. Avoiding your little ones in the panning of the trip is a good idea.

G. Involve your little ones in the planning of the trip, which will help you

    Can you trust your very first childhood memories? Maybe not, a new study suggests.

Past researches show that people's earliest memories typically form around 3 to 3. 5 years of age. But in a recent survey of more than 6,600 people, British scientists have found that 39 percent of participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger. These first memories are likely false, the researchers said. This was particularly the case for middle -aged and older adults.

For the study, researchers asked participants to describe their first memory and the age at which it occurred. Participants were told they had to be sure the memory was the one that had happened. For example, it shouldn't be based on a photograph, a family story or any source other than direct experiences. Then the researchers examined the content, language and descriptive details of these earliest memories and worked out the likely reasons why people would claim to have memories from an age when memories cannot form.

As many of these memories dated before the age of 2, this suggests they were not based on actual facts, but facts or knowledge about their babyhood or childhood from photographs or family stories. Often these false memories are fired by a part of an early experience, such as family relationships or feeling sad, the researchers explained.

"We suggest that what a rememberer has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is …a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood, " study author Shania Kantar said in a journal news release, "Additionally, further details may be unconsciously inferred or added. Such memory-like mental representations come~ over time, to be collectively experienced when they come to mind, so for the individual, they quite simply are memories, which particularly point to babyhood. "

"Importantly, the person remembering them doesn't know this is fictional," study co-author Martin Conway said "In fact, when people are told that their memories are false they often don't believe it. "

1.What can we learn from a recent study?

A. Memories form after the age of 3. B. Participants are good at telling stories

C. Adults are likely to form false memories D. Earliest memories may play a trick on us

2.Which source did the researchers require for the earliest memories?

A. A direct experience. B. A family story.

C. A family photo. D. A sad feeling.

3.What are these fictional early memories according to Kantar?

A. They are repeated mental representations.

B. They are a collection of early experiences.

C. They are a combination of both facts and fictions.

D. They are further details of remembered experiences.

4.Which part of a newspaper is this text probably taken from?

A. Society. B. Psychology. C. Technology. D. Health.

    Your next Saturday night takeaway could be brought to you by a robot after a major food delivery company announced plans to use automated vehicles to transport meals. Europe’s biggest online takeaway food company Just Eat has partnered with Starship Technologies to deliver food with robots on the streets of London later this month. “Nobody has ever done deliveries with land-based robots,” said Allan Martinson, the chief operating officer of Starship.

The robot courier can travel up to 4 miles per hour for about 10 miles. It uses a GPS signal and nine cameras to navigate (确定方向). Instead of a person arriving at their door, customers could find themselves receiving a notification on their phone that says a robot is on its way and a code to unlock the automated courier. “Put the code in, the robot opens up, and there’s your food,” said David Buttress, chief manager of Just Eat.

The robot, which has so far been tested in Greenwich, Milton Keynes and Glastonbury, costs £ 1 to transport within 3 miles, compared with the £3 to £6 it costs for a human courier. To date 30 robots have driven nearly 5,000 miles without getting into an accident or finding themselves picked on by passers-by. They have driven in more than 40 cities around the world, including London and Tallinn, Estonia.

An initial worry was how the public would react to robots. But Martinson said the public has been calm when passing the delivery machine on the streets. “The most surprising reaction has been the lack of reaction,” said Martinson.

Another significant fear was that people would disrupt (扰乱) the robots, or try to steal them and their contents. To prevent this, the robot is fitted with nine cameras, two way audio, and movement sensors that send a warning if it is lifted off the ground. And it opens only with a passcode provided to the customer via a notification. “It’s much easier to shoplift than it is to steal a robot,” said Martinson.

1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 2?

A.deliverer B.collector

C.provider D.guide

2.According to the text, the Starship robot ________.

A.opens up upon hearing the code

B.travels 10 miles per hour at most

C.finds its way by means of GPS and cameras

D.sends a message to the customer upon arrival

3.Which of the following is one of the worries about Starship robots?

A.Safety of the robot delivery.

B.Accuracy of the robot delivery

C.Peoples indifference to the robots.

D.People’s concern about public traffic.

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A.Great Improvement of Just Eat

B.Global Trend of Food Companies

C.New Robots to Move on the road

D.Delivery Robots to Replace Takeaway Drivers

    Lawrence Ferlinghetti, the poet, publisher, painter, social activist and bookstore owner, has been San Francisco’s honored poet. He turns 100 this month, and the city is making preparations to celebrate him in style. Readings and performances and an open house will take place at City Lights, the sacred bookstore he co-founded in 1953.

On March 24, 1919, Lawrence Ferlinghetti was born in Yonkers, New York. After spending his early childhood in France, he received his BA from the University of North Carolina, an MA from Columbia University, and a PhD from the Sorbonne.

He is the author of more than thirty books of poetry, including Poetry as Insurgent Art; A Coney Island of the Mind. He has translated the works of a number of poets, including Nicanor Parra, Jacques Prevert, and Pier Paolo Pasolini. In addition to poetry, he is also the author of more than eight plays and three novels, including Little Boy: A Novel, Love in the Days of Rage and Her.

In 1953, Ferlinghetti and Peter Martin opened the City Lights bookstore in San Francisco, California. It became a nerve center for the Beats and other writers. Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac and other writers from that era were Easterners who dropped into San Francisco for a spell. In 2001 it was made an official historic landmark. Now City Lights is almost certainly the best bookstore in the United States. It’s filled with serious world literature of all kinds.

If City Lights is a San Francisco institution, Ferlinghetti himself is as much of one. He has loomed over the city’s literary life. As a poet, he’s never been a critical favorite. But his flexible and plain-spoken and often powerful work — he has published more than 50 volumes — has found a wide audience. His collection “A Coney Island of the Mind” has sold more than 1 million copies, making it one of the best-selling American poetry books ever published.

1.What can we learn about Ferlinghetti from Paragraph 2?

A.He had a happy childhood.

B.He received normal education.

C.He had a gift for writing novels.

D.He had written lots of poetry.

2.Which of the following best describes Ferlinghetti according to Paragraph 3?

A.Flexible. B.Optimistic. C.Outspoken. D.Productive.

3.Why is City Lights famous?

A.Because it is a nerve center for the youth.

B.Because its collections have a long history.

C.Because it is an official historic landmark.

D.Because it has many modern world literature.

4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A.To speak highly of a great poet.

B.To introduce some English poetry.

C.To promote values of City Lights.

D.To celebrate the birthday of Ferlinghetti.